Codex Bezae—Manyunskripti Yaibela

THÉODORE DE BÈZE, umwina France waishibikwa uwasambilila Amalembo ya Bwina Kristu aya ciGreek, aali umunankwe wapalamisha kabili impyani ya kwa katendeka wa buProtestanti John Calvin. Mu mwaka wa 1562, Beza, nga fintu aishibikwa mu cinkumbawile, aletele ku lubuuto manyunskripti iyeni iya pa kale. Atungile ukuifumya mu ciyanda ca baume bashimbe ica “Mutakatifu” Irenaeus mu Lyons, France, pa numa umusumba ube nausanswa na Huguenots (filundwa fya ciProtestanti) . Icifulo ca iko ica citendekelo tacaishibikwa bwino, lelo North Africa nelyo Egypt cili e ntulo yacilishapo ukupalako.

Iyi kodekisi ipimwa na masentimita amakumi yabili na yasano mu butali na masentimita amakumi yabili mu bwipi kabili mu cinkumbawile yasuminwa ukukokola ukufuma mu mwanda wa myaka uwalenga isano C.E., mu kwipipa panono ukucila amamanyunskripti ya Sinai, Vatican, na mamanuskripti ya kwa Alexander. Yakwata amabula 406 kabili yakwata Amalandwe yane ne Imilimo ya Batumwa fye, mu kuba no tucende tumo utwacilukwa. Lelo Codex Bezae pambi mu kutendekelako kuti yalisanshishemo amakalata yambi, pantu kwalibako akaputusha aka kalata walenga butatu uwa kwa Yohane. Amalandwe ya kwa Mateo na Yohane yatangilila aya kwa Luka na Marko.

Manyunskripti ca kumwenako ca mu kubangilila ica malembo ya ndimi shibili, mu kuba ne ciGreek pe bula lya ku kuso ne ciLatin pa lya ku kulyo. Nakalimo caliba ni kope uwa manyunskripti ya macinda mu kuba no kulembwa kwa mu kubangilila, ukupalana ku macinda yamo yambi aya mu myanda ya myaka iya walenga butatu nelyo bune ayaishibikwa pamo nga P²⁹, P³⁸, na P⁴⁸.

Ukulemba mu filembo fyatikama, ifya kale ifyayemba (ifilembo fikalamba), Codex Bezae tayatwalilila pe bula. Yabikwa mu mitande iya butali bushalingana, ica kuti impela ya mutande umo umo imininako ukupemwina mu kubelenga. IciLatin calilembwa mu kucebusha mu musango wa milembele ya filembo fya ciGreek, kabili ukulembwa kwaliteulwilwa ku mibelengele ya ciGreek mu milandu iingi. Ukulembwa kwa ciGreek, pa lubali lumbi, kwaliba ukwamonekesha kabili kwalilungikwa na bakalemba abengi, ukusanshako ukwa abo bakalemba ba kutendekelako.

Codex Bezae alikwata icishibilo ca bulashi “D.” Yalibe yapusana nga nshi kabili yaliibela ukufuma ku mamanyunskripti yonse yambi ayakalamba. Nga fintu amafutunoti muli New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures yalangilila, inshita shimo kodekisi ilasuminishanya kabili pa nshita shimbi taisuminishanya na ma kodekisi ya Sinai (א), Vatican (B), ne ya kwa Alexander (A). Ukukatama kwakulisha ukwa iyi kodekisi kwaba mu kusuminishanya kwa iko ukwa mamanyunskripti yambi ayacindama ukucila mu misango yaibela iya kucilaukila ne fya kulundako—Mona amafutunoti muli New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures—With References, pali Mateo 23:14; 24:36; 27:49; Marko 7:16; 9:44, 46; 11:26; Luka 15:21; Yohane 5:4.

Te mulandu ne fya kubelenga fimo ifyeni ne fyapusanapusana, Codex Bezae yaliba bushinino na bumbi ubwawama ubwa kusungililwa kwa Baibolo ukufika mu kasuba kesu.

[Abatusuminishe Ukubomfya Icikope pe bula 24]

Pa mulu: By permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library

Ku kuso: Courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum