Ukumoneka Ukufuma ku Calo ca Bulayo

Samaria—Umusumba Ukalamba Pa Kati ka Misumba Ikalamba iya ku Kapinda ka ku Kuso

BABILONI, Ninibe, na Roma. Yali misumba ikalamba mu nshita sha mu Baibolo. Nalyo line, ukulandila mu mano ya Baibolo, pa mbali ya Yerusalemu iine, umusumba ukalamba uwacindama wali mu kupalishako te umo uwa yene lelo, ukucila, wali ni Samaria. Pantu mupepi ne myaka 200, wali musumba ukalamba uwa bufumu bwa mikowa ikumi iya kwa Israele, kabili ubukombe bwa busesemo ubwingi bwatontele pali Samaria. Lelo cinshi waishiba pa lwa Samaria? Kabili mulandu nshi wabelele umusumba ukalamba pa kati ka misumba ikalamba iya ku kapinda ka ku kuso?

Ukulosha kuli mapu, ibukisha ilyashi lya kale pa numa imikowa ikumi iya bena Israele yafumine ku mfumu ya kwa Yehova ne tempele pa Yerusalemu. Yeroboamu, uwatungulwile mu kupanga ubufumu bwa ku kapinda ka ku kuso, atekele panono ukufuma ku Shekemu, pa nshila ya lupili ku kapinda ka ku kuso na ka kulyo. Yeroboamu pa numa aseseshe umusumba wakwe ukalamba ku Tirsa, uwali pa ntuntu ya Wadi Far‛ah. Inshila ukufuma mu Mupokapoka wa Yordani yapitile mu Tirsa no kuponena mu musebo wa pa lupili. Bushe walishibe ukuti Tirsa wali musumba ukalamba uwa bufumu bwa mikowa ikumi mu kati ka kuteka kwa kwa Nadabu, Baasha, Ela, Simri, nangu fye ni Omri?—Ukutendeka 12:5-9; 33:17, 18; 1 Ishamfumu 12:20, 25, 27; 14:17; 16:6, 15, 22.

Pa numa ya myaka mutanda, nangu ni fyo, Omri akuulile umusumba ukalamba uupya. Kwi? Ashitile ulupili ulo ulemona ku kuso, Samaria. (1 Ishamfumu 16:23-28) Nangu cingatila nomba wakwata imikonko iingi iya kulimamo, Omri mu kupalishako ausalile pa mulandu wa kuti akalupili kabatama pa mulu akapulile ukufuma mu cibwandashi kaali akayanguka ukucingililwa. Umwana wakwe Ahabu atwalilile ukukuula Samaria, mu kumonekesha ukutanununa ubukose bwa uko mu kuba ne fibumba fyatikama. Na kabili akuulile itempele kuli Baali ne sano lyakwe umwine ne lya mukashi wakwe umwina Foinike, Yesebele. Ifyashulwa fyasokolola ifitantala fye sano lya kwa Ahabu, ifilangililwe pe bula lyakonkapo. Lilye sano lyaishibikilwe ku fya kusekesha fya liko no bubifi bwacilamo. (1 Ishamfumu 16:29-33) Elenganya kasesema Eliya alenina uyu musuma kabili ukwenda mu musebo wapabuka uwaya kwi sano, kulya ku kusenuka ububi bwa kwa Ahabu ubwashimpwa pali Baali.—1 Ishamfumu 17:1.

Mu 1910 abashula ifyashikama basangile ifi fimokolwa mu kuba ne filembopo, ifyalembelwepo umwangashi no kutumwa kwa mafuta ya ngashi nelyo ukulipile misonko ukwacitilwe. Lelo amashina ya fiko pali fyene yalikwetepo ulubali lwa baʹal. Kuti cabe ca kusekesha kuli iwe ukuti abashula ifyashikama na kabili basangile utuputusha utwa meno ya nsofu ayakulungilwa nelyo ifipapatu, nga fintu filangilwe pano. Ibukisha ukuti 1 Ishamfumu 22:39 kale sana alumbwile ukuti Ahabu akuulile “ŋanda ya meno ya nsofu.” Napamo ici casanshishemo ifipuna fyabaswa na meno ya nsomfu ifyakulungilwa, ukupale “fya kukuwamapo ifya meno ya nsofu” ifyo kasesema Amose alosesheko umwanda wa myaka pa numa. (Amose 3:12, 15; 6:1, 4) Pa kati ka mbali shikalamba pali fyene paba babenye ba mapindo ne fishibilo fimbi ukufuma ku nshimi sha ciEgupti.

Ukulumbulwa kwa kwa Ahabu na Yesebele kuti kwa kwibukisha ifyo bafwile. Ahabu alufishe ubumi bwakwe mu nkondo ya buwelewele na Syria. Lintu iceleta lyakwe lyasambilwe mupepi ne “cishiba ca Samaria, . . . ne mbwa shakabawile umulopa wa iko,” icine ukulingana ku cebo ca kwa Eliya. (1 Ishamfumu 21:19; 22:34-38) Namfumu Yesebele apooselwe ku mfwa yakwe ukufuma pa nsolokoto ye sano. Bushe cali kufuma muli ili sano lya mu Samaria? Iyo. Ahabu na o alikwete isano ku mulu wa kapinda ka ku kuso mu mupokapoka wa Yesreele. Akumbilwe ibala lya myangashi mu bwina mupalamano ilya kwa Nabote. Ukufuma pa mulu wa ilyo isano, bakalinda ukulolesha ku kabanga bamwene Yehu natentema mu bukali ukulola ku mupokapoka. Kabili kulya namfumu wa kale uwa Samaria asalanganishiwe ku mpela yakwe iyabipa lelo iyabamo ubulungi.—1 Ishamfumu 21:1-16; 2 Ishamfumu 9:14-37.

Ilintu Samaria yatwalilile ngo musumba ukalamba, tawakwete ukusuminisha kwa kwa Lesa nelyo ipaalo. Ukucila, walangishe ukulwisha no bulwani ukulola ku musumba wakwe ukalamba ku kapinda ka ku kulyo, Yerusalemu. Ukwabulo kutunguluka, Yehova atumine bakasesema abengi ku kusoka bakateka ba Samaria na bantu ba uko pa lwa kupepa kwabo ukwa tulubi, bucisenene, no kubulwo mucinshi ku mafunde yakwe. (Esaya 9:9; 10:11; Esekiele 23:4-10; Hosea 7:1; 10:5; Amose 3:9; 8:14; Mika 1:1, 6) E co mu 740 B.C.E., Samaria aitilwe mu kulubulula, pa kupomonwa ku bena Ashuri. Abantu ba uko abengi basendelwe bunkole, kabili bapyanikwepo na beni.—2 Ishamfumu 17:1-6, 22-24.

Pa numa, ukucilisha mu nshita ya kwa Herode Mukalamba, abena Greece na bena Roma babweseshe cipya cipya ukulumbuka kuli Samaria. E co nelyo fye ni Yesu na batumwa bali ababeleshanya no yu musumba ukalamba pa kati ka misumba ikalamba iya ku kapinda ka ku kuso.—Luka 17:11; Yohane 4:4.

[Mapu pe bula 16]

(Nga mulefwaya ukumona mapu, moneni muli magazini)

Yesreele

Tirsa

Samaria

Shekemu

Yerusalemu

Umumana wa Yordani

[Abatusuminishe]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est. Based on a map capyrighted by Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est. and Survey of Israel

[Abatusuminishe Ukubomfya Icikope pe bula 16]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.

[Abatumtuminishe Ukubofya Ifikope Fili pe bula 17]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.

Garo Nalbandian

Icili mu kati: Israel Department of Antiquities and Museums, photograph from Israel museums, Jerusalem