Manau Mwirin Malo​—Meta Aramas Ra Luku?

“Are emon aramas a mala, ifa usun, epwe pwal manausefal?”​—HIOP 14:14.

1, 2. Ifa ussun chommong repwe kuna aurur lupwen atonger a malo?

LON EU leenien afalafal won mi ma lon New York City, chienen me aramasen ewe famili ra fetal mwen ewe pworun emon at 17 ierin mi malo ren kanser. Ewe in a letipechou me kechiu, a ekkenniwili: “Tommy a pwapwa iei. Kot a mochen pwe Tommy epwe nonnom ren lon lang.” Ina ewe mettoch a fen kaeo pwe epwe luku.

² Arap ngeni 7,000 mwail towauan, lon Jamnagar, India, ewe mwanichi lein ekkewe ulumon pwipwi a okuw ewe ekkei pwe repwe keni somaan semer we. Atun ewe ekkei a ngetenget, ewe Brahman a engi ewe Sanskrit mantras: “Amwo ewe ngun esap tongeni malo epwe likiitu lon an achocho le wiliiti emon chok me ewe mi lapalap.”

3. Menni ekkewe kapas eis aramas ra fen ekieki ussun ren fansoun langattam?

³ Malo a pwellifeilikich. (Rom 5:12) Ese mwaal sia ekieki ika malo ina sopwoloon mettoch meinisin. Lupwen Jop, emon chon angangen Jiowa Kot mi tuppwol, a ekieki ussun rokopwalin manauen ira, a apasa: “A chuen wor ach apilukuluk ren efoch ira mi pokupok pwe epwe fasarsefal, pwe ilin kewe mi pwukufo repwe fokun marita.” Nge, epwe ifa ussun aramas? “Are eman aramas a mala, ifa usun, epwe pwal manausefal?” Jop a eis. (Hiop 14:7, 14) Seni loom, loom, aramas seni unusen fonufan ra ekieki ussun ekkeei kapas eis: Mei wor manau mwirin malo? Ika mei wor, met sokkun manau? Ina popun, met aramas ra fen luku? Me pwata?

Chommong Poluan, nge Itelaper Mi Wewe Chok

4. Aramas seni sokkopaten lamalam ra luku met ussun manau mwirin malo?

⁴ Chommong mi apasa pwe ir Chon Kraist ra luku pwe mwirin malo, aramas repwe ita feita lang are ell. Nge, ekkewe Chon Hindu, ra luku reincarnation. Me ren lukuen Islam, epwe wor ranin kapwung mwirin malo, lupwen Allah epwe atittina manauen emon me emon me filata ika emon epwe nonnom paratis are feilo lon ewe ekkeien ell. Lon ekkoch fonu, aramas ra nofitfengenni ar eoreni me lukuen Chon Kraist ussun ewe mi malo. Awewe chok lon Sri Lanka, ekkewe Chon Buddhist me Chon Katolik ra suuki ekkewe asam me asamwocho ika emon a malo me lon imwer kewe, ra anomu ewe pworun mi ma nge uchuwen pechen ewe mi ma epwe awenewena ewe asam. Ra luku pwe ika repwe fori iei ussun epwe amecheresi ngunun ewe mi ma are an we soul feilo seni. Me lein chommong Chon Katolik me Chon Pirostan lon West Africa, ra eoreni ar repwe pwoluelo ekkewe kinas lupwen emon a malo pwe esor emon epwe katon me kuna ngunun ewe mi ma. Iwe, mwirin 40 ran, chienen me aramasen ewe famili repwe apwapwai an ewe ngun feita lang.

5. Ifa eu chulapen luku lape ngeni lamalam meinisin ra tipeeu won?

⁵ Inaamwo ekkewe sokkopaten luku, a ussun ita pwe lape ngeni ekkewe lamalam ra tipeeu won eu mettoch. Ra luku pwe och mettoch lon emon aramas​—ese lifilifil ika ra eita ngeni soul, ngun, are anu​—​ese tongeni malo me sopweilo manauan mwirin maloon ewe inis. Lape ngeni meinisin ekkewe fitepuku lamalamen Kirisentom ra luku pwe ewe ngun ese tongeni malo. Ei luku pwal ina lukuen ewe lamalamen Jus. Iei longolongun aitien ewe lamalamen Hindu ussun reincarnation. Ekkewe Chon Muslim ra luku pwe ewe ngun epwe chuen manau mwirin maloon ewe inis. Ekkewe Aborigine seni Australia, ekkewe Chon Africa mi luku pwe mei wor ngunun aramas mi imulo seni ewe inis, ekkewe Chon Shinto, pwal mwo nge ekkewe Chon Buddhist, ir meinisin ra aiti ngeni aramas sokkopaten mettoch ussun ei luku mi wor eu chok itelap.

6. Ifa meefien ekkoch sou sile ussun ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo?

⁶ Iwe nge, mei wor ekkewe ekkoch mi luku pwe manau a sopwolo atun malo. Ese pwung me rer ewe luku pwe manauen emon mi malo epwe imulo seni ewe inis me sopwosopwolo ussun emon ngun mi monomon. Emon souak itan Miguel de Unamuno seni Spain, mi manau lon ewe 20en senturi a makkei: “An emon luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo a wewe ngeni an emon anean pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo, nge pochokkulen an aneanei ei mettoch epwe atailo an tufichin ekiek ren mirit.” Sokkopaten aramas mi luku iei ussun a ussun ekkewe souak loom mi itefoulo iter Aristotle me Epicurus, ewe tokter itan Hippocrates, ewe souak seni Scotland David Hume, ewe souak seni Arabia Averroës, me ewe aemonun prime minister seni India mwirin ar independence, Jawaharlal Nehru.

7. Ikkefa ekkewe kapas eis mi lamot ussun ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo sipwe poraus won iei?

⁷ Pokiten a torikich ekkeei sokkopaten ekiek me luku, epwe murinno ach sipwe eis: Mi wesewesen nom rech emon ngun an esap tongeni malo? Ika ese pwung ewe luku pwe ewe ngun ese tongeni malo, iwe ifa ussun ena esin luku mi chofona a wiliiti eu kinikin mi lamot lon chommong lamalam ikenai? Ena luku a feito me ia? A fokkun lamot pwe sipwe kuna poluen ekkeei kapas eis mi menemenoch rech me enlet popun manauach lon mwach kkan a longolong won. (1 Korint 15:19) Nge, akkom, sipwe atittina ifa ussun a poputa ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo.

Poputaan ewe Luku

8. Ifa ussun Socrates me Plato ra apochokkula ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo?

⁸ Me ren chommong aramas, ekkewe souak seni Kriis Socrates me Plato lon ewe animuen senturi B.C.E. ra akkom apochokkula ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo. Nge, esap ir ekkewe chon poputaani ena luku. Nge, ra aunusochu me siwili ngeni aitien emon souak, pwe epwe lukeato aramas mi tekia lon ar fansoun me mwirin. Mi enlet pwe ekkewe Zoroastrian seni Persia loom me ekkewe Chon Isip mwen ir ra pwal luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo. Ina popun, iei ewe kapas eis, Ifa popunlapen ei luku?

9. Ifa ewe minen etipetip a etipetipa Isip, Persia, me Kriis?

⁹ “Lon ewe fonufan loom,” alon ewe puk The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria, “lamalamen Papilon a nemeni Isip, Persia, me Kriis.” Ewe puk a apasa ussun lukuen lamalamen Isip: “Pokiten ewe chiechi lefilen Isip me Papilon, ussun a pwalo lon ekkewe El-Amarna tablet, a watte ewe tufichin luku me eorenien Papilon ar repwe etipetipa ekkewe lamalamen Isip.”a Epwe pwal ina ussun chok ren Persia loom me Kriis.

10. Ifa lukuen Papilon ussun manau mwirin malo?

¹⁰ Nge ekkewe Chon Papilon loom ra luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo? Professor Morris Jastrow, Jr. seni ewe University of Pennsylvania, a makkei ussun ei mettoch: “Ekkewe Chon Papilon me ar kewe nouwisen lamalam rese fen ekieki pwe manauen monumanau meinisin epwe tongeni wes. Me rer malo a wewe ngeni eu aal ngeni pwal eu sokkun manau, me an emon tunalo ewe luku pwe manauen emon iei esap tongeni wes a chok menlapei pwe emon ese tongeni su seni ewe siwil ngeni pwal och sokkun manau epwe fis lupwen a malo.” Ewer, ekkewe Chon Papilon ra luku pwe och sokkun manau a sopweilo mwirin malo lon och sokkun lapalap. Ra pwaralo ei luku ren ar peiasini ekkoch pisek ren ekkewe mi ma pwe repwe aea lon manauer mwirin malo.

11, 12. Mwirin ewe Nooter, ia a poputa me ie ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo?

¹¹ A ffat pwe ewe luku ussun ewe ngun esap tongeni malo a feito seni Papilon loom. Mei lamot ena mettoch? Ewer, pun me ren ewe Paipel, ewe telinimwen Papel, are Papilon, a poputa ren Nimrot, emon mwirimwirin Noa. Mwirin ewe Noter mi pwonuelo unusen fonufan lon ranin Noa we, aramas meinisin ra eani eu chok kapas me ra fiti eu chok lamalam. Nimrot ese chok “u ngeni Kot” nge i me ekkewe mi tapwelo mwirin i ra mochen “afisata iter.” Iwe ren ar poputaani ewe telinimw me aueta ewe imw mi tekia ikena ie, Nimrot a poputaani eu lamalam mi sokkofesen.​—Keneses 10:1, 6, 8-10; 11:1-4.

¹² Me ren eoreni, an Nimrot malo a mwanesol. Mwirin an malo ekkewe Chon Papilon repwe ita atekiata i ussun ewe chon poputaani, chon aueta, me ewe aewin kingen ar we telinimw. Pokiten an aramas luku pwe Marduk (Merodach) ewe chon poputaani Papilon me chommong kingen Papilon ra iteit me ren itan, ekkoch souak ra ekiekieta pwe Marduk a wesewesen ar we kot Nimrot. (2 King 25:27; Aisea 39:1; Jeremaia 50:2) Ika mei pwung ei mettoch, iwe, ewe luku pwe aramas mei wor ngunur mi chuen manau mwirin malo epwe fen choufetal lon ewe atun maloon Nimrot. Nge ese lifilifil menni poraus mi pwung, uruwo a pwarata pwe mwirin ewe Noter, ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo a poputa seni Papel, are Papilon.

13. Ifa ussun ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo a choufetal won unusen fonufan, me ifa mwiriloon?

¹³ Ewe Paipel a pwal pwarata pwe Kot a aukalo ekkewe aramas seni ar aueta ewe imw mi tekia lon Papel ren an afitikokoi ar kapas. Pokiten rese chuen tongeni weweitifengennir, ra ukutiu le fori ar angang me ra toropasfetal “won unusen fanufan.” (Keneses 11:5-9) Chechchemeni mwo pwe inaamwo ika kapasen ekkeei chon aueta ewe imw mi tekia a fen siwil, nge esap ina ussun ar ekiek me luku. Ina popun, ese lifilifil ia ra feilo ie, ar luku lon pekin lamalam a pwal fitir. Iei ussun aitien ewe lamalamen Papilon​—pachelong ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo​—a choufetal won unusen fonufan me a wiliiti longolongun chommong lamalamen fonufan. Iwe ewe nemenem won unusen fonufan lon pekin lamalam chofona a poputa, mi awewei lon Paipel ussun “Papilon mi Lapalap, inen fin lisou o ekkewe mettoch mi anioput won fonufan.”​—Pwarata 17:5.

Ewe Nemenem won Unusen Fonufan lon Pekin Lamalam Chofona a Tori Otiu

14. Ifa ussun lukuen ewe lamalamen Papilon a choufetal ngeni ewe fonuen India?

¹⁴ Ekkoch sou kaeo uruwo ra apasa pwe lap seni 3,500 ier loom, eu pwin aramas mi sawapwech, iter Aryan, ra feito seni notouwaafeng tori ewe Lemolun Indus, iei Pakistan me India. Seni ikena ie ra toropasfetal ngeni ekkewe leeni unukkun ewe Chanpupu Ganges me tori unusen India. Ekkoch sou sile ra apasa pwe lukuen ekkeei aramas lon pekin lamalam a longolong won aitien ekkewe Chon Iran loom me Chon Papilon. Iwe, ekkeei luku lon pekin lamalam ra weneiti waaren ewe lamalamen Hindu.

15. Ifa ussun ewe luku pwe ewe ngun [soul] esap tongeni malo a etipetipa ewe lamalamen Hindu ikenai?

¹⁵ Lon India ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo a wiliiti ewe lukuen reincarnation. Ekkewe sou sile lon ewe lamalamen Hindu, lupwen ra sotun awewei ewe popun a wor fofforingau me riaffoun aramas won unusen fonufan, ra efisata ewe allukun Karma, ewe alluk mi apasa pwe forien emon epwe liwinsefaliti. Nofitfengennin ei alluk ngeni ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo a poputaani ewe afalafal ussun reincarnation, ia ekkewe fofforoch me fofforingau lon manauen emon iei epwe tongeni kapwungoch are kapwungungau lon ewe manau mwirin. Ekkewe mi tuppwol repwe achocho ngeni moksha, are ngaselo seni ewe rokopwallin uputiusefal me tipeeufengen ren minne ra eita ngeni mi lapalap seni meinisin, are Nirvana. Lon ekkewe fitupuku ier a lo, ewe lamalamen Hindu a choufetal, pachelong aitien reincarnation. Me ei luku a wiliiti longolongun ewe lamalamen Hindu tori ikenai.

16. Ifa ussun ewe luku ussun manau mwirin malo a etipetipa ekiekin me eorenien ekkewe aramas lon Otiuen Asia lon pekin lamalam?

¹⁶ Ekkoch lamalam ussun Buddhism, Jainism, me Sikhism ra maarita seni ewe lamalamen Hindu. Ra pwal luku lon reincarnation. Pwal och, lupwen Buddhism a tori arapakan unusen Otiuen Asia​—Saini, Korea, Japan, me pwal ekkoch leeni​—a fokkun kku manauen me lamalamen ekkeei leeni meinisin. Ei mettoch a efisata nofitfengennin sokkopaten luku, ekkoch seni Buddhism, fel ngeni anu, me fel ngeni lewo. Ekkewe mi pochokkul me lein ekkeei lamalam, ikkeei ir Taoism, Confucianism, me Shinto. Iei ussun ewe luku pwe manau a chuen sopweilo mwirin maloon ewe inis a fen nemeni ekiekin me fofforun chommong aramas lon pekin lamalam lon ena kinikinin ei fonufan.

Epwe ifa Ussun ewe Lamalamen Jus, Kirisentom, me Islam?

17. Ekkewe Chon Jus loom ra luku met usun manau mwirin malo?

¹⁷ Ifa lukuen ekkewe aramas mi fiti ekkewe lamalamen Jus, Kirisentom, me Islam ussun manau mwirin malo? Me ren ekkeei lamalam, ewe lamalamen Jus ewe minen loom seni meinisin. A poputa 4,000 ier som tori Eperiam​—chommong ier mwen Socrates me Plato ra apochokkula ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo. Ekkewe Chon Jus loom ra luku pwe ekkewe mi malo repwe manausefal nge rese luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo. (Mattu 22:31, 32; Ipru 11:19) Iwe, ifa ussun ewe lamalamen Jus a poputa le eani ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo? Uruwo a awora poluen ei kapas eis.

18, 19. Ifa ussun ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo a tori ewe lamalamen Jus?

¹⁸ Lon ewe ier 332 B.C.E., Alexander mi Lapalap a akkufu ewe Middle East, kapachelong Jerusalem. Lupwen ekkewe ra wii Alexander ra sopweilo le anganga an prokramin Hellenization, ra nofitfengenni manauen Chon Kriis me Chon Jus. Lo, lo, lo ekkewe Chon Jus ra eoreni ar repwe eani ekiekin Kriis, me ekkoch ra pwal mwo nge wiliiti souak.

¹⁹ Philo seni Alexandria, lon ewe aewin senturi C.E., i emon me lein ekkena souak Chon Jus. A asamolu Plato me a sotun awewei ewe lamalamen Jus me ren ekiekin Chon Kriis, iwe a suuki ewe aal pwe pwal ekkoch Chon Jus souak repwe tapwelo mwirin. Ekiekin Kriis a pwal nemeni ewe Talmud​—poraus mi mak ussun allukun ekkewe nouwis. “Ekkewe senseen ewe Talmud,” alon ewe Encyclopaedia Judaica, “ra luku pwe ewe ngun a chuen manau mwirin malo.” Mwirin, ekkewe puken Chon Jus mi monomon, ussun ewe Cabala, a pwal mwo nge asukula reincarnation. Iei ussun ewe ekiekin Kriis, ewe a apasa pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo a pwal wiliiti lukuen ewe lamalamen Jus. Met sipwe ita apasa ussun an ei luku tolong lon Kirisentom?

20, 21. (a) Met meefien ekkewe Chon Kraist loom ussun ekiekin Plato are Chon Kriis? (b) Met a emmwen ngeni nonnomun ekiekin Plato lon aitien Chon Kraist?

²⁰ Lamalamen Chon Kraist mi enlet a poputa ren Jises Kraist. Miguel de Unamuno, atewe sia fen fos ussun me mwan a makkei ei mettoch ussun Jises: “A luku lon manausefallin ewe inis, me ren lukuen ekkewe Chon Jus, esap lon ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo, ussun me ren lukuen [Kriis] Plato.” A amuchalo ren an apasa: “Ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo . . . ina lukuen ekkewe chon lukun nge mi longolong won ekiekin aramas chok.” Pokiten ei mettoch, sipwe tongeni weweiti ewe popun ewe aposel Paul a pochokkul le ouroura ekkewe Chon Kraist lon ewe aewin senturi ussun “tipatchemen fonufan are otupotup-mwal, usun chok uruwoon re lom, are ekkewe popun anuun fonufan, nge esap usun Kraist.”​—Kolose 2:8.

²¹ Iwe nge, ineet me ifa ussun “lukuen ekkewe chon lukun nge mi longolong won ekiekin aramas chok” a tolong lon Kirisentom? The New Encyclopædia Britannica a awewei: “Seni lukulapen ewe 2en senturi AD, ekkewe Chon Kraist mi fen kaeo ekiekin Kriis ra mochen esilefeili pwisin ar luku, fan iten pwisin ar pwapwa me fan iten ar repwe asoulengalo ekkewe chon lukun, me ren ar kaeo ussun an Chon Kriis ekiek. Ewe luku a weneitir seni meinisin, Platonism.” Mei wor ruuemon souak lon ena atun mi watte ar manaman won aitien Kirisentom, iter Origen seni Alexandria me Augustine seni Hippo. Ekiekin Plato a fokkun nemeni ekkeei ruuemon me ra wiisen nofiti ekkena ekiek ren aitien Chon Kraist.

22. Ifa ussun ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo a pochokkul tori iei lon ewe lamalamen Islam?

²² Ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo a tori ewe lamalamen Jus me Kirisentom pokiten etipetipaen Plato, nge ena luku a fen nonnom lon Islam seni le poputaan ei lamalam. Ewe Koran, an Islam puk mi pin, a apasa pwe mei wor ngunun aramas mi chuen manau mwirin malo. A apasa pwe le sopwoloon ewe ngun epwe manau lon eu malamalen paratis lon lang are kapwung lon ell mi ngetenget. Sap minne ekkewe sou sile Chon Arab rese sotun nofitfengenni aitien Islam me ekiekin Kriis. A enlet pwe, angangen Aristotle a pwal ekis nemeni ekkewe Chon Arab. Iwe nge, ekkewe Chon Muslim ra chuen luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo.

23. Ikkefa ekkewe kapas eis ussun manau mwirin malo epwe och ach sipwe ekieki ussun lon ewe lesen mwirin ei?

²³ A ffat pwe ekkewe lamalam won unusen fonufan ra fen efisata sokkopaten luku ussun manau mwirin malo, mi longolong won ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo. Me ena esin luku a fen kku, ewer, a pwal mwo nge nemeni me eriani fite bilion aramas. Pokiten sia kuna ekkeei mettoch, a amwokutukich le eis: Mi tufich ach sipwe silei ewe enlet ussun met a fis lupwen sia malo? Mei wesewesen wor manau mwirin malo? Met ewe Paipel a apasa ussun ekkeei mettoch? Sipwe kaeo ussun ekkeei mettoch lon ewe poraus mwirin.

[Footnote]

Kopwe Tongeni Awewei?

◻ Ifa ewe itelap a nom lon ekkewe luku ussun manau mwirin malo?

◻ Ifa ussun uruwo me ewe Paipel ra pwarata pwe ewe luku ussun an ewe ngun esap tongeni malo a poputa me lon Papilon loom?

◻ Ifa ussun lukuen Papilon pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo a kku ekkewe lamalamen Otiu?

◻ Ifa ussun ewe luku pwe ewe ngun esap tongeni malo a pwal tori ekkewe lamalamen Jus, Kirisentom, me Islam?

[Sasing lón pekin taropwe 24, 25]

Wiinnen Alexander mi Lapalap a emmwen ngeni nofitfengennin manauen ekkewe Chon Kriis me Chon Jus

Augustine a sotun achufengenni ekiekin Plato me ewe lamalamen Kraist.

[Picture credit]

Alexander: Musei Capitolini, Roma; Augustine: Seni ewe puk Great Men and Famous Women