Gbalɛ Wolo

Gbɔmɛi yɛ wɔsɛɛ be he miishɛɛ. Amɛtaoɔ saji pii ni ágba ni akɛ he fɔ̃ɔ nɔ, kɛjɛ kɔɔyɔŋ tsakemɔ he saji anɔ kɛyaa akɔntaabuu ni akɛnaa bɔ ni shika he saji baatamɔ aha lɛ nɔ. Shi kɛ gbɔmɛi tsu saji ni atsɔɔ hiɛ agbaa lɛ ahe nii lɛ, bei pii lɛ amɛnine nyɛɔ shi. Saji pii ni agba loo gbalɛi yɛ Biblia lɛ mli. Te gbalɛi nɛɛ ja ha tɛŋŋ? Ani amɛji yinɔsaji ni atsɔ hiɛ aŋma dani eba mli? Aloo amɛji yinɔsaji ni ekwa efee ehe gbalɛ?

ABƆ amaniɛ akɛ Roma maŋkwralɔ Cato (234-149 D.Ŋ.B.) kɛɛ akɛ: “Efeɔ mi naakpɛɛ akɛ mɔ ni gbaa nɔ ni baaba lɛ eŋmɔɔɔ kɛ hefɛoyeli kɛ́ ena mɔ kroko hu ni gbaa nɔ ni baaba lɛ.”¹ Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, gbɔmɛi babaoo ayiŋ feɔ amɛ kɔshikɔshi yɛ klamɔi, ŋulamiiaŋkwɛlɔi, kɛ mɛi krokomɛi ni gbaa nɔ ni baaba lɛ ahe kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ. Bei pii lɛ amɛkɛ saji ni bɛ faŋŋ tsɔɔ nɔ ni baaba lɛ mli, ni anyɛɔ atsɔɔ shishi yɛ gbɛ̀i sɔrɔtoi anɔ.

Shi, Biblia gbalɛi lɛ hu? Ani yiŋtoo ko yɛ ni aaadamɔ nɔ aná yiŋkɔshikɔshifeemɔ? Aloo nɔ ko yɛ ni abaanyɛ adamɔ nɔ aná hekɛnɔfɔɔ?

Jeee Saji ni Ale ni Aka Yiŋ Kɛkɛ Awie

Ekolɛ gbɔmɛi ni le nii baabɔ mɔdɛŋ ni amɛkɛ nifeemɔi ni sa kadimɔ atsu nii koni amɛgbɛ wɔsɛɛ be he saji ni akɛtsɔɔ akɛ eja lɛ he saji amɛshwã, shi jeee be fɛɛ be eji anɔkwale. Wolo ni ji Future Shock lɛ kɛɛ: “Jeee saji ni baanyɛ aba wɔsɛɛ ni yeɔ eko najiaŋ lɛ kɛkɛ ji nɔ ni maŋbii fɛɛ kɛkpeɔ, shi moŋ saji babaoo ni baanyɛ aba wɔsɛɛ lɛ, kɛ wɔsɛɛ be he saji ni asumɔɔ lɛ he béi.” Ekɛfata he akɛ: “Shi, mɔ ko kwraa nyɛŋ ‘ale’ wɔsɛɛ bɔ ni eji lɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Nɔ ni wɔbaanyɛ wɔfee kɛkɛ ji ni wɔha nibii ni wɔsusuɔ akɛ ebaanyɛ eba lɛ mli awa ni wɔto naa pɛpɛɛpɛ ni wɔbɔ mɔdɛŋ akɛ wɔɔtsɔɔ emli nɔ ni baanyɛ aba mli anɔkwale.”²

Shi Biblia ŋmalɔi lɛ ‘etsɔɔɔ’ “nibii ni wɔsusuɔ akɛ ebaanyɛ eba” lɛ ‘mli nɔ ni baanyɛ aba mli anɔkwale’ yɛ wɔsɛɛ be he. Ni anyɛŋ ajie nɔ ni amɛtsɔ hiɛ amɛgba lɛ kɛjɛ jwɛŋmɔŋ kɛkɛ akɛ saji ni atsimɔ nɔ ni akɛha koni aná shishitsɔɔmɔi babaoo yɛ he. Nɔ ni tamɔɔɔ nakai lɛ, amɛgbalɛi lɛ babaoo yɛ ni akɛha ni efee faŋŋ waa diɛŋtsɛ ni jeee be fɛɛ be ekɔɔ nɔ ko pɔtɛɛ ko he, ni bei pii lɛ, egbaa nɔ ni akpaa gbɛ akɛ ebaanyɛ eba mli lɛ sɛɛsɛɛ kwraa. Ŋɔɔ nɔ ni Biblia lɛ kɛɛ kɛtsɔ hiɛ yɛ blema Babilon maŋ lɛ he lɛ akɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ okwɛ.

Akɛ “Fitemɔ-Blɔ lɛ Aaabɛɛ” Lɛ

Blema Babilon batsɔ “maŋtsɛyelii lɛ ajwine.” (Yesaia 13:19, The New American Bible) Ato maŋ ni shwere waa nɛɛ yɛ he ni hi jogbaŋŋ, yɛ jarayeli gbɛ ni jɛɔ Persia Ŋshɔnine lɛ he kɛbaa Mediteranea Ŋshɔ lɛ naa lɛ nɔ, ni ebafee jarayeli nitoohe kɛha shikpɔŋ kɛ ŋshɔ hiɛ jarayeli ni tee nɔ yɛ Boka kɛ Anai teŋ lɛ.

Beni shɛɔ afii ohai kpawo D.Ŋ.B. lɛ, Babilon ji Babilonia Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ maŋtiase ni etamɔ nɔ ni anyɛɛɛ aye nɔ kunim. Eufrate Faa lɛ jaa maŋ lɛ mli, ni akɛ faa lɛ mli nui lɛ fee bu ni mli kwɔ ni mli lɛɛ ni akɛgbala nujɔɔi babaoo. Kɛfata he lɛ, gbogboi wuji saŋŋ, ni akɛ mɔji babaoo ni mli wa waa ewaje amɛ lɛ ji nɔ ni akɛbuɔ maŋtiase lɛ he. Ebɛ naakpɛɛ akɛ emli bii lɛ nuɔ he akɛ amɛyɛ shweshweeshwe.

Fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, yɛ afii ohai kpaanyɔ D.Ŋ.B. dani Babilon tee hiɛ waa kɛná enunyam lɛ, gbalɔ Yesaia gba akɛ akɛ “fitemɔ-blɔ lɛ aaabɛɛ” Babilon. (Yesaia 13:19; 14:22, 23) Yesaia tsɔɔ gbɛ ni Babilon baatsɔ nɔ egbee shi lɛ hu pɛpɛɛpɛ. Tutualɔi lɛ baaha efaai lɛ—he ni enáa hebuu ni tamɔ nu ni mli kwɔ ni ebɔle ehe lɛ kɛjɛɔ lɛ ‘agbi’—ni ebaaha maŋtiase lɛ afee nɔ ni abaanyɛ atutua. Yesaia po tsɔɔ tutualɔ lɛ gbɛi akɛ—“Koresh,” Persia maŋtsɛ kpeteŋkpele ko, ‘ni abaagbele shinaai yɛ ehiɛ ni aŋmɛŋ agbói lɛ amli lɛ.’—Yesaia 44:27–45:2.

Enɛɛmɛi ji saji ni akɛ ekãa jaje kɛtsɔ hiɛ. Shi ani amɛba mli anɔkwale? Yinɔsane haa hetoo.

“Jeee yɛ Ta Naa”

Beni Yesaia ŋma egbalɛ lɛ sɛɛ afii ohai enyɔ lɛ, yɛ October 5, 539 D.Ŋ.B. gbɛkɛnaashi lɛ, Medo-Persia asraafoi ni yɔɔ Koresh Kpeteŋkpele lɛ famɔi ashishi lɛ, babɔ ŋsara yɛ Babilon masɛi. Shi Babilonbii lɛ yɛ nɔmimaa. Taakɛ Hela yinɔsane ŋmalɔ Herodotus (afii ohai enumɔ D.Ŋ.B.) lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ, amɛyɛ nibii babaoo ni amɛkɛto ni baaye afii babaoo.³ Amɛyɛ Eufrate Faa lɛ hu kɛ Babilon gbogboi ni he wa lɛ ni baabu amɛhe. Fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, nakai gbɛkɛ lɛ nɔŋŋ, taakɛ Nabonidus Chronicle lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ, “Koresh asraafoi lɛ bote Babilon ni jeee yɛ ta naa.”⁴ Te fee tɛŋŋ ni eba lɛ nakai?

Herodotus tsɔɔ mli akɛ, yɛ maŋtiase lɛ mli lɛ, no mli lɛ gbɔmɛi lɛ “miijojoi ni amɛmli efili amɛ yɛ gbijurɔyeli ko shishi.”⁵ Shi kɛlɛ, Koresh ha Eufrate nui lɛ gba afã kɛtsɔ he kroko yɛ maŋ lɛ sɛɛ. Beni nu lɛ kwɔlɛ baa shi lɛ, belɛ esraafoi akuu lɛ nyiɛ nu mli kɛmiiba, ni nu lɛ ebashɛ amɛshwuɔji ahe. Amɛnyiɛ kɛtsɔ gbogboi ni nɔ kwɔlɔ lɛ ahe ni amɛbote nɔ ni Herodotus tsɛ lɛ akɛ “agboi ni naa gbelegbelei yɛ faa lɛ mli” lɛ mli, ni ashi agbói lɛ anaa afɔ̃ shi kwraa ni abuuu he.⁶ (Okɛto Daniel 5:1-4; Yeremia 50:24; 51:31, 32 he.) Yinɔsane ŋmalɔi krokomɛi, ni Xenophon (aaafee afi 431-aaafee afi 352 D.Ŋ.B.) fata he lɛ, kɛ cuneiform tɛtaoi hu ni shitsalɔi yana lɛ, maa Babilon shigbeemɔ ni ba lɛ trukaa yɛ Koresh hiɛ lɛ nɔ mi.⁷

No hewɔ lɛ Yesaia gbalɛ ni kɔɔ Babilon he lɛ ba mli. Aloo ani ejeee gbalɛ diɛŋtsɛ ni ba mli? Ani eeenyɛ efee akɛ enɛ jeee sane ni atsɔ hiɛ agba, shi aŋma diɛŋtsɛ beni anɔkwasane lɛ eba mli sɛɛ? Lɛɛlɛŋ, abaanyɛ abi sane ni tamɔ nakai nɔŋŋ yɛ Biblia gbalɛi krokomɛi ahe.

Ani Eji Yinɔsane ni Ba Mli Dani Aha Efee Gbalɛ?

Kɛ Biblia gbalɔi—ni Yesaia fata he lɛ—saa amɛŋmala yinɔsane ekoŋŋ koni efee tamɔ gbalɛ lɛ, belɛ nɛkɛ hii nɛɛ ji shishiulɔi ni he esa diɛŋtsɛ. Shi mɛni baafee yiŋtoo ni amɛhiɛ yɛ nakai ŋaatsɔɔ lɛ he? Anɔkwa gbalɔi lɛ ha efee faŋŋ amrɔ nɔŋŋ akɛ amɛnyɛŋ amɛhe nyɔɔŋnii. (1 Samuel 12:3; Daniel 5:17) Ni wɔsusu odaseyeli ko ni mli wa he ni tsɔɔ akɛ Biblia lɛ ŋmalɔi (ni amɛteŋ mɛi babaoo ji gbalɔi) lɛ ji hii ni anyɛɔ akɛ he fɔ̃ɔ amɛnɔ ni miisumɔ ni amɛjie amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛ tɔmɔi ni yɔɔ hiɛgbele lɛ po akpo. Etamɔ nɔ ni enyɛŋ eba lɛ akɛ hii ni tamɔ nɛkɛ baasumɔ ni amɛshishiu mɔ waa, ni amɛha yinɔsane afee tamɔ nɔ ni eji gbalɛ.

Nɔ kroko hu yɛ ni esa akɛ asusu he. Gbalɔi lɛ diɛŋtsɛ maŋbii, ni osɔfoi kɛ nɔyelɔi fata he lɛ anaafolɔmɔi ni mli wa waa yɛ Biblia gbalɛi lɛ babaoo mli. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, Yesaia bu Israelbii lɛ—hiɛnyiɛlɔi kɛ maŋbii hu—ni hi shi yɛ egbii lɛ amli lɛ ajeŋba shihilɛ ni ehiii kwraa lɛ fɔ. (Yesaia 1:2-10) Gbalɔi krokomɛi hu kɛ ekãa kpa osɔfoi lɛ eshai ahe mama. (Zefania 3:4; Maleaki 2:1-9) Ewa akɛ aaasusu nɔ hewɔ ni amɛbaatsɔ amale nɔ amɛgba gbalɛi ni naafolɔmɔi ni mli wa fe fɛɛ ni abaanyɛ asusu he ashi amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛ webii lɛ yɔɔ mli, kɛ nɔ hewɔ ni osɔfoi lɛ kɛ amɛ baafee ekome yɛ shishiumɔ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ mli lɛ he.

Kɛfata he lɛ, te aaafee tɛŋŋ ni gbalɔi lɛ—kɛ́ shishiulɔi diɛŋtsɛ ji amɛ lɛ—atsu shishiumɔ ni tamɔ nakai he nii yɛ naatsĩi fɛɛ sɛɛ? Awo nikanemɔ kɛ niŋmaa he hewalɛ yɛ Israel. Atsɔɔ gbekɛbii lɛ nikanemɔ kɛ niŋmaa kɛjɛ amɛgbekɛbiiashi tɔ̃ɔ. (5 Mose 6:6-9) Awo hewalɛ koni akane Ŋmalɛi lɛ yɛ teemɔŋ. (Lala 1:2) Akaneɔ Ŋmalɛi lɛ yɛ faŋŋ mli yɛ kpeehei lɛ yɛ daa otsi Hejɔɔmɔgbi lɛ nɔ. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 15:21) Etamɔ nɔ ni enyɛŋ eba lɛ akɛ akɛ shishiumɔ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ aaalaka maŋ muu fɛɛ ni le woloŋ, ni le Ŋmalɛi lɛ waa lɛ.

Kɛfata he lɛ, saji babaoo yɛ ni kɔɔ gbalɛ ni Yesaia kɛha yɛ Babilon shigbeemɔ he lɛ he. Nɔ ni fata he ji saji fitsofitso ni kulɛ enyɛŋ eba lɛ akɛ aaaŋmala afɔ̃ shi beni eba mli sɛɛ.

“Mɔ ko Ehiŋ Jɛi Gbi ko Gbi Ko”

Mɛni baaba Babilon nɔ yɛ eshigbeemɔ lɛ sɛɛ? Yesaia gba efɔ̃ shi akɛ: “Mɔ ko ehiŋ jɛi gbi ko gbi ko, ni asaŋ akɛ jɛi efeŋ shihilɛhe yɛ yinɔ ko yinɔ ko nɔ; ni Arabianyo tete eshiŋ ebuu yɛ jɛi, ni tookwɛlɔi lɛ hu haŋ amɛtooi abumɔ shi yɛ jɛi.” (Yesaia 13:20) Ekolɛ ebaafee tamɔ nɔ ko sɔrɔto ko akɛ aaawie ni nɔmimaa tsɔ̃ bɛ mli akɛ aaatsɔ hiɛ agba akɛ maŋtiase ni ato shishi jogbaŋŋ lɛ baafee he ko ni ahiŋ mli dɔŋŋ. Ani eeenyɛ efee akɛ Yesaia ŋmala ewiemɔi lɛ beni ena Babilon amaŋfɔfeemɔ lɛ sɛɛ?

Yɛ Koresh kunimyeli lɛ sɛɛ lɛ, Babilon ni mɛi yɔɔ mli—eyɛ mli akɛ ebaa shi fe tsutsu maŋ lɛ—tee nɔ ehi shi afii ohai abɔ. Kaimɔ akɛ Yesaia wolo muu lɛ ni yaa kɛyashiɔ afii ohai enyɔ D.Ŋ.B. lɛ fata Ŋshɔ ni Egbo Wolokpoi lɛ he. Aaafee nakai be lɛ mli beni aŋmaa nakai wolo lɛ, Parthiabii lɛ ye Babilon nɔ. Yɛ Ŋ.B. klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli lɛ, Yudafoi ashihilɛhe ko hi Babilon, ni Biblia ŋmalɔ Petro tee jɛmɛ. (1 Petro 5:13) Beni shɛ nakai be lɛ, no mli lɛ Ŋshɔ ni Egbo Wolokpo ni Yesaia wolo lɛ yɔɔ mli lɛ ehi shi aahu aaafee afii ohai enyɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, yɛ Ŋ.B. klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli fɛɛ lɛ, no mli lɛ Babilon efeko amaŋfɔ̃ kwraa lolo, ni kɛlɛ agbe Yesaia wolo lɛ naa jeeŋmɔ dani nakai be lɛ shɛ.a

Taakɛ agba afɔ̃ shi lɛ, yɛ naagbee lɛ Babilon batsɔ “kóikói” kɛkɛ. (Yeremia 51:37) Taakɛ Hebri woloŋlelɔ Jerome (afii ohai ejwɛ Ŋ.B.) lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ, yɛ egbii amli lɛ, Babilon ji shikpɔŋ ni agbɔbiɔ “kooloi sɔrɔtoi fɛɛ” ni yaa kɛbaa lɛ yɛ nɔ.⁹ Babilon etee nɔ efee amaŋfɔ̃ kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ.

Yesaia naaa ahi shi koni ena beni Babilon fee he ni anyɛɛɛ ahi mli lɛ. Shi nakai maŋtiase ni tsutsu ko lɛ eji maŋ ni he wa, ni yɔɔ Baghdad wuoyigbɛ aaashɛ kilomitai 80, yɛ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ Iraq lɛ tsũi ni ekumɔ lɛ kɛ kpoofeemɔ yeɔ ewiemɔi ni ba mli lɛ he odase akɛ: “Mɔ ko ehiŋ jɛi gbi ko gbi ko.” Babilon tswaa-kɛ-shimaa fɛɛ ni aaafee akɛ nɔ ni gbalaa shisharalɔi kɛbaa jɛmɛ lɛ baanyɛ agbala saralɔi ajwɛŋmɔ, shi Babilon “bi kɛ nãbi” etee kɛmiiya naanɔ.—Yesaia 13:20; 14:22, 23.

No hewɔ lɛ gbalɔ Yesaia tsɔɔɔ hiɛ ewieee nɔ ni baaba lɛ he sane ni bɛ faŋŋ ni abaanyɛ afee koni esa nɔ fɛɛ nɔ ni baanyɛ aba wɔsɛɛ lɛ jogbaŋŋ. Ni eŋmaaa yinɔsane lɛ ekoŋŋ koni eha efee tamɔ gbalɛ. Susumɔ he okwɛ: Mɛni hewɔ ni shishiulɔ kɛ ehe aaawo oshara mli koni “egba” nɔ ko ni enyɛŋ ená hewalɛ ko kwraa yɛ nɔ—akɛ mɔ ko ehiŋ Babilon ni he wa lɛ mli dɔŋŋ lɛ?

Babilon shigbeemɔ lɛ he gbalɛ lɛ ji nɔkwɛmɔnɔ kome po ni jɛ Biblia lɛ mli.b Mɛi babaoo naa nɔ ko ni tsɔɔ akɛ Biblia lɛ jɛ he ko diɛŋtsɛ ni kwɔ fe adesa lɛ yɛ egbalɛi lɛ amlibaa lɛ mli. Ekolɛ obaakpɛlɛ nɔ akɛ, kɛ hoo kwraa lɛ, esa akɛ apɛi gbalɛ wolo nɛɛ mli. Nɔ kome yɛ ni anyɛŋ aje he ŋwane: Sɔrɔtofeemɔ agbo yɛ mɛi ni gbaa nɔ ni baaba wɔsɛɛ lɛ ni yɔɔ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ lɛ agbalɛi ni bɛ faŋŋ loo eteɔ henumɔi ashi lɛ kɛ Biblia mli gbalɛi ni yɔɔ faŋŋ ni hiɛshikamɔ yɔɔ mli ni wieɔ nɔ ko pɔtɛɛ lɛ teŋ.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Wiemɔ ni akɔ ni akɛmiitsu nii ni yɔɔ baafa 28]

Ani Biblia ŋmalɔi lɛ ji anɔkwa gbalɔi loo shishiulɔi ni he esa?

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 29]

Blema Babilon amaŋfɔ̃