Ta Ni Awuɔ Ashiɔ Hela Kɛ Gbele​—Ani Aaye Kunim?

HELA bɛ dɔŋŋ, gbele bɛ dɔŋŋ! Kɛha mɛi pii lɛ, enɛ tamɔ susumɔ ko kɛkɛ. Fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, taakɛ datrɛfonyo kɛ muawai ahe nilelɔ Wade W. Oliver ŋma lɛ: “Kɛjɛ yinɔsane shishijee be ni aŋmala ashwie shi lɛ mli tɔ̃ɔ ni helai ekudɔ adesai ashihilɛ babaoo fe bɔ ni aaanyɛ akane . . . Tsɛŋemɔ helai wuji kɛ foi ni fãa mɔ tsui etsɛ̃ kɛba adesai anɔ . . . Hela etee nɔ efamɔ enaji kɛ kuɛŋtimɔ kɛmiiya naanɔ.”

Ani nɔ ko yɛ ni wɔɔnyɛ wɔdamɔ nɔ wɔhe wɔye akɛ tsakemɔ wulu ko ebɛŋkɛ? Ani tsofa-feemɔ he nilee ebɛŋkɛ helai fɛɛ kɛ ekolɛ gbele po ni eeejie kɛaaya lɛ he?

Ŋwanejee ko bɛ he akɛ datrɛfoi kɛ nibii amlipɛilɔi etsu nii jogbaŋŋ yɛ naakpɛɛ gbɛ nɔ yɛ ta ni awuɔ ashiɔ hela lɛ mli. Mɛi ni le nɔ ni yaa nɔ lɛ ateŋ namɔ nyɛŋ ada shi yɛ omanye ni aye yɛ kolera, ni tamɔ otswashiogbo hela ko lɛ tsamɔ mli, yɛ afii ohai 19 lɛ naagbee mli, loo yɛ kpate-bãa he tsofa ko ni akɛkuɔ kpate hela ni asheɔ lɛ gbeyei waa lɛ naa lɛ he? Edward Jenner ji mɔ ni fee nakai kpate-bãa he tsofa lɛ yɛ 1796 kɛjɛ tsina hela ko ni tamɔ kpate ni bɛ gbeyei tsɔ lɛ mli. Afi 1806 mli ni U.S. Amerika maŋsɔɔlɔ nukpa, Thomas Jefferson tsɔɔ bɔ ni mɛi krokomɛi pii nuɔ he amɛhaa lɛ yɛ nɛkɛ wiemɔi ni ekɛŋma Jenner nɛɛ mli: “Onɔ lɛ ji miishɛjemɔ he susumɔ ni ji akɛ adesai ahiɛ nyɛŋ akpa nɔ akɛ ohi shi pɛŋ; wɔsɛɛ be mli yinɔi baale kɛtsɔ yinɔsane nɔ kɛkɛ akɛ kpate hela ni anyaŋeɔ waa lɛ ehi shi dã.”

Agbɛnɛ, esa akɛ atsi omanye ni tsofa-feemɔ mli nibii amlipɛimɔ eye yɛ helai tamɔ sɛŋhela kɛ gbekɛbii akuumɔ hela mli lɛ ata kɛ miishɛɛ kɛ shidaa. Ni gbɔmɛi fioo ko pɛ ŋmɛnɛ amɛjieee nɔyaa ni etee nɔ nyɛsɛɛ nɛɛ yɛ tsui hela kɛ heloo mli fala ni gbooo lɛ tsamɔ mli lɛ yi. Ni kɛlɛ, gbɔmɛi miigboi lolo yɛ tsui hela kɛ heloo mli fala ni gbooo lɛ hewɔ. Oti ni ji akɛ aaajie helai kɛ gbɔmɔtsoŋ naagbai sɔrɔtoi fɛɛ kɛya lɛ efee nɔ ni lakaa mɔ diɛŋtsɛ.

Helai “Heei” Lɛ

Ewa akɛ aaakɛɛ akɛ, ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ be nɛɛ ni ena CAT tsɔne ni akɛnaa gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli helai sɔrɔtoi fɛɛ ni atsaa gbɔmɔtso lɛ fai ni helai yɔɔ jɛmɛ lɛ hu ena helai “heei” babaoo ni eba tamɔ Legionnaires hela, ebɔɔ hela, kɛ AIDS hela ni gbeɔ mɛi pii ni awie he babaoo lɛ.

Wɔkpɛlɛ nɔ po akɛ mɛi pii biɔ nɔ hewɔ ni akɛɛ nɛkɛ helai nɛɛ ji helai heei lɛ. Sane ko ni je kpo yɛ U.S.News & World Report lɛ mli lɛ wie akɛ, yɛ saji lɛ ekomɛi amli lɛ, kpaako apɛi helai komɛi ni wɔkɛhi shi yɛ be kakadaŋŋ mli lɛ amli jogbaŋŋ ni aha amɛ gbɛi heei. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, ayoo Legionnaires hela lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ yɛ 1976, shi tsutsu ko lɛ ayasusu akɛ eji flufla mli hela ko ni muawai kɛbaa. Nakai nɔŋŋ hu asusu yɛ tsutsu akɛ toxic-shock hela lɛ ji asra atridii ko.

Kɛlɛ, helai komɛi yɛ ehee kwraa ni sanebimɔ ko bɛ he. Ŋwanejee ko bɛ he akɛ AIDS ji enɛɛmɛi ateŋ nɔ ni ale waa. Abayoo nɛkɛ hela ni kumɔɔ mɔ ni gbeɔ mɔ nɛɛ ni awo lɛ gbɛi yɛ 1981 mli. Hela “hee” kroko ni aleko no jogbaŋŋ hu ji Brazil afaseo atridii lɛ. Abayoo enɛ yɛ Brazil yɛ 1984 mli, ni kɛ abu naa lɛ, mɛi ni hela nɛɛ mɔmɔɔ amɛ lɛ oha fɛɛ mli 50 gboiɔ.

Anako Tsabaa Ko

No hewɔ lɛ, yɛ gbɔmɔ mɔdɛŋbɔɔ ni fe fɛɛ lɛ sɛɛ lɛ, anako adesai ahelai ahe tsabaa ni yeɔ emuu. Eji anɔkwale akɛ adesai awala sɛɛkɛlɛ etee hiɛ kɛ afii 25 kɛjɛ afi 1900. Shi nɛkɛ tsakemɔ nɛɛ jɛ tsofa-feemɔ mli ŋaalee ni eba gbekɛbii agbele yɛ fufɔobiiashi loo gbekɛbiiashi lɛ hewɔ. Gbɔmɔ wala shihilɛ be bɛŋkɛ Biblia “afii nyɔŋmai kpawo” lɛ he lolo.​—Lala 90:⁠10.

No hewɔ lɛ ebafee sane ni anu he yɛ he fɛɛ he beni Anna Williams gbo yɛ December 1987 ni eye afii 114 lɛ. Yɛ be mli ni saji aŋmalalɔ ko wieɔ Awura Williams gbele he lɛ, eŋma akɛ: “Jeŋ nilelɔi susuɔ akɛ ekolɛ kɛjɛ afii 115 kɛmiiya 120 ji he ni kɛ fe fɛɛ ni adesa wala sɛɛkɛlɛ baanyɛ ayashɛ. Shi mɛni hewɔ esa akɛ ebalɛ nakai? Mɛni hewɔ esa akɛ adesa gbɔmɔtso lɛ aŋmɛɛɛ he yɛ afii 70, 80, loo 115 po sɛɛ?”

Yɛ 1960 afi lɛ amli ni tsofa-feemɔ mli nilelɔi bayoo akɛ etamɔ nɔ ni adesa wala yibii nyɛɔ ejaraa emli aaafee shii 50 pɛ. Kɛ eyashɛ naagbee nɛɛ he lɛ, efeɔ tamɔ nɔ ni anyɛŋ afee nɔ ko ni akɛha wala yibii lɛ ahi wala mli dɔŋŋ. Enɛ teɔ shi ewoɔ tsutsu yiŋ ni aka awie yɛ jeŋ nilee mli akɛ adesa wala yibii lɛ baanyɛ ahi shi kɛya naanɔ kɛ ena shihilɛ kpakpai amli ehi lɛ.

Okɛ enɛ afata nɔ ni abayoo akɛ adesai apiŋmɔ lɛ babaoo jɛ gbɔmɔ diɛŋtsɛ lɛ he. Taakɛ nibii amlipɛilɔ ko kɛ jwɛŋmɔ mu sane naa lɛ: “Anyɛko atsɔ tsabaai pɛ nɔ aye helai anɔ kunim. Helai ahe yinɔsane kɛ ehe ekpɛtɛ kwasafoŋ kɛ jeŋba he nibii ahe gbagbalii diɛŋtsɛ.”

Jeŋ Hewalɛnamɔ Gbɛjianɔtoo (WHO) lɛ kɛɛ: “Wɔpila wɔ diɛŋtsɛ wɔhe, kɛ hiɛnɔkamɔ akɛ jeŋ nilee, datrɛfoi kɛ helatsamɔ hei baana tsabaa ko, moŋ fe ni klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ wɔbaatsi nibii ni kɛ helai lɛ baa lɛ anaa. Kɛlɛ, wɔnyɛŋ wɔhi shi ni tsofa-feemɔ he gbɛjianɔtoo ni hereɔ gbɔmɛi ayiwala lɛ bɛ mli, shi nyɛhaa efea faŋŋ kɛhaa wɔ akɛ amɛkɛ nɔ ko fataaa wɔ ‘gbɔmɔtsoŋ hewalɛnamɔ’ he​—amɛtsiɔ wɔgbele naa. . . . Tawa-shɛrelɔ lɛ kɛ daanulɔ lɛ kanyamɔ ni kpataa lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ehiɛ, nitsumɔ ni anaaa atsu ni saa jwɛŋmɔ lɛ kɛ gbɔmɔtso lɛ he lɛ​—enɛɛmɛi ji ‘helai heei’ lɛ ekomɛi. Mɛni hewɔ wɔŋmɛɔ gbɛ ni ‘gbɛjegbɛ nɔ oshara ni etsɔ tsɛŋemɔ-hela’ lɛ kpataa wɔwala hiɛ ni ehaa wɔfiteɔ shika nakai lɛ?”

Helai, piŋmɔ kɛ gbele kɛ wɔ yɛ lolo. Kɛlɛ, wɔyɛ nɔ ni wɔɔdamɔ nɔ wɔkɛ hekɛnɔfɔɔ akwɛ be ni hela bɛ dɔŋŋ ni gbele hu bɛ dɔŋŋ lɛ gbɛ. Nɔ ni hi fe fɛɛ lɛ, wɔyɛ nɔ fɛɛ nɔ ni wɔɔdamɔ nɔ wɔhe wɔye akɛ nakai be lɛ ebɛŋkɛ kpaakpa.

[Akrabatsa ni yɔɔ baafa 4]

“MIZRAIM HELAI” LƐ

Akɛ gbɔmɛi kɛ helai ewuu ta ni amɛyeee omanye kɛjɛ blema beaŋ tɔŋŋ lɛ jeɔ kpo yɛ Biblia lɛ po mli. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, Mose wie “Mizraim helai fɔji” lɛ ahe yɛ gbɛ ni sa kadimɔ nɔ.​—5 Mose 7:⁠15.

Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ nɔ ni fata enɛɛmɛi ahe ji, hela ko ni feɔ mɔ nane shiŋkpoo, musuŋtsɔmɔ, kpate, tsɛŋemɔ-helai kɛ hiŋmɛi hela. Mose webii lɛ ye amɛhe kɛjɛ helai nɛɛ amli, titri lɛ yɛ falefale shihilɛ he nifeemɔi ni yaa hiɛ ni Mla kpaŋmɔ lɛ kɛfɔ amɛnɔ lɛ hewɔ.

Shi, nɔ ni ejɛ Mizraim gbohii ni awo amɛ tsofa lɛ akwɛmɔ jogbaŋŋ lɛ mli eba ji “Mizraim helai” krokomɛi ayɔsemɔ. Nɔ ni fata enɛɛmɛi ahe ji talɔiaŋ helai, sɛɛtso wuiaŋ helai, nyanyɔji kɛ kadaai ahelai, musuŋ-lilɛi hela kɛ gɔnti-fuumɔ helai. Mra be mli tsofa-feemɔ he niŋmaai, ni ale akɛ Ebers Papyrus lɛ po tsiɔ helai tamɔ fuumɔi, musuŋ kɛ mlɛbo mli helai, sikle helai, kpiti, hiŋmɛinaa hela kɛ toimuu ta.

Blema Mizraim tsofa-feelɔi fee bɔ ni amɛaanyɛ ni amɛkɛku helai ni tamɔ nɛkɛ naa, ni amɛteŋ mɛi komɛi ahe basa waa yɛ helai ni amɛtsaa lɛ amli. Hela yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Herodotus ŋma akɛ: “Maŋ lɛ [Mizraim] mli eyi obɔ kɛ tsofafeelɔi; mɔ kome tsuɔ hiŋmɛi helai pɛ ahe he nii; mɔ kroko tsuɔ yitso nɔ, nyanyɔji, musuŋ, loo mligbɛ nibii lɛ ahe nii.” Shi Mizraim “tsofai” lɛ titri ji nɔ ni akɛshishiuɔ mɔ yɛ jamɔ mli, ni ebɛŋkɛɛɛ jeŋ nilee he kwraa.

Ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ tsofafeelɔi ena omanyeyeli babaoo mli ŋɔɔmɔ yɛ ta ni amɛwuɔ amɛshiɔ hela lɛ mli. Ni kɛlɛ, tsofa-feemɔ mlipɛilɔ, Jessie Dobson mu sane ni kanyaa jwɛŋmɔ naa nɛkɛ: “Belɛ mɛni abaanyɛ akase kɛjɛ yinɔi ni eho lɛ amli helai ahe nikasemɔ lɛ mli? Sanenaamuu ni jɛ odaseyelii amlikwɛmɔ mli lɛ feɔ akɛ helai kɛ haomɔi ni atsɔɔ mli yɛ blema bei ni eho lɛ amli lɛ bɛ sɔrɔto tsɔ ko yɛ nɔ ni yɔɔ bianɛ lɛ he . . . Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ nɔ ko bibioo ko pɛ hesaai kɛ mɔdɛŋbɔɔi yɛ nibii amlipɛimɔ kɛ tsuishitoo mli lɛ etsu yɛ helai ni ajieɔ kɛyaa lɛ mli.”​—Disease in Ancient Man