Ani Nyɔŋmɔ Jamɔ He Miihia Lɛlɛŋ?

ANI Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ he hiaa kɛha bo? Ani, ekolɛ ofata Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ kuu ko he aloo oyaa sɔlemɔ ko? Kɛji nakai lɛ, oshihilɛ mli nibii pii tamɔ mɛi krokomɛi ni hi shi yɛ afi 1844 mli lɛ anɔ, beni Germannyo woloŋlelɔ Karl Marx ŋma yɛ nakai afi lɛ mli akɛ: “Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ . . . ji ebɔɔ ni gbeɔ gbɔmɛi ajwɛŋmɔ” lɛ. Yɛ nakai beaŋ lɛ, shwɛ fioo kulɛ mɔ fɛɛ mɔ fee mɔ ni yaa sɔlemɔ, ni Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ na hewalɛ ni mli wa yɛ adesai ashihilɛ mli nibii sɔrɔtoi fɛɛ nɔ. Ŋmɛnɛ, enɛ etsake kwraa, ni Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ naa gbɛfaŋnɔ bibioo aloo enaaa gbɛfaŋnɔ ko kwraa yɛ gbɔmɛi akpekpei ohai abɔ ashihilɛ mli. Kɛji oyaa sɔlemɔ lɛ, no lɛ ofata mɛi fioo ko pɛ ni feɔ nakai yɛ okutso lɛ mli lɛ ahe.

Shi mɛni kɛ tsakemɔ nɛɛ ba? Nɔ kome ji akɛ, Karl Marx kɛ jeŋ nilee ko ni teɔ shi ewoɔ Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ ba, ni ebahe shi waa. Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ Marx susuɔ Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ he akɛ nɔ ni tsiɔ adesai ahiɛyaa naa. Ewie akɛ abaanyɛ atsu adesai ahiamɔ nii ahe nii jogbaŋŋ kɛtsɔ heloonaa ninamɔ nɔ, ni ji jeŋ nilee ko ni Nyɔŋmɔ loo blema Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ he sane ko kwraa baaa mli. Enɛ ha etee nɔ ewie akɛ: “Klɛŋklɛŋ nii ni he hiaa kɛha gbɔmɛi amiishɛɛnamɔ ji gu ni aaagu Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ kwraa.”

Marx jeŋ nilee ni kɔɔ heloonaa ninamɔ he nɛɛ tee hiɛ babaoo kɛtsɔ Germannyo kwasafo shihilɛ hefalɔ Friedrich Engels kɛ Russianyo kɔmunist hiɛnyiɛlɔ Vladimir Lenin nɔ. Abale enɛ akɛ Marxism-Leninism. Kɛbashi nyɛsɛɛ nɛɛ, no mli lɛ adesai amlijaa etɛ mli ekome yɛ nɔyelii ni nyiɛɔ nɛkɛ jeŋ nilee ni tsɔɔ akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ ko bɛ nɛɛ sɛɛ yɛ gbɛ ko nɔ lɛ ashishi. Ni hii kɛ yei pii heɔ enɛ amɛyeɔ lolo po.

Bɔ ni Fee ni Secularism Gbɛ Eshwa

Shi Kɔmunistbii ajeŋ nilee ni gbɛ eshwa lɛ jeee nɔ pɛ ni fite hewalɛ ni Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ naa yɛ gbɔmɛi anɔ lɛ. Hiɛyaa ni tee nɔ yɛ jeŋ nilee mli lɛ hu na mli gbɛfaŋnɔ. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, bɔ ni sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ gbɛ eshwa babaoo lɛ ha mɛi bɔi wiemɔ po akɛ Bɔlɔ ko bɛ. Ni nibii krokomɛi yɛ ni fata he.

Encyclopedia Britannica lɛ tsiɔ “bɔ ni apɛi nii amli ni ana jeŋ nilee mli niianaatsɔɔmɔ kɛha naakpɛɛ nibii ni baa ni asusuɔ akɛ ejɛ hewalɛ ko ni nɔ kwɔ” kɛ “bɔ ni ajie hewalɛ ni jamɔ ni ato he gbɛjianɔ lɛ naa yɛ adesai ashihilɛ mli fai sɔrɔtoi lɛ fɛɛ nɔ, tamɔ tsofa-feemɔ, woloŋlee, kɛ ŋaa nitsumɔi amli” lɛ ta. Hiɛyaa ni tamɔ enɛɛmɛi ni ba lɛ ha secularism gbɛ eshwa lɛ. Shi mɛni ji secularism nɛɛ? Atsɔɔ shishi akɛ “jwɛŋmɔ ni ahiɛ yɛ shihilɛ he . . . ni damɔ nɔ ni awieɔ akɛ esa akɛ aku hiɛ ashwie Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ kɛ ehe susumɔi anɔ ni aje gbɛ agu kwraa lɛ nɔ.” Nɛkɛ secularism nɛɛ ehe shi waa yɛ Komunist shikpɔji kɛ nɔ ni jeee Komunist shikpɔji fɛɛ nɔ.

Shi jeee secularism kɛ Marxism-Leninism pɛ ji nibii ni fite hewalɛ ni Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ yɔɔ lɛ. Kristendom sɔlemɔi lɛ hu sa shwamɔ. Mɛni hewɔ? Ejaakɛ amɛkɛ afii ohai babaoo gbe hegbɛ ni amɛna lɛ he guɔ. Ni amɛtsɔɔ tsɔɔmɔi ni damɔ blema saji ni kɛ ŋmalɛi kpaaa gbee kɛ agbɛnɛ adesai ajeŋ nilee nɔ moŋ fe ni eeedamɔ Biblia nɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, amɛtookui lɛ ateŋ mɛi pii gbɔjɔ kwraa yɛ mumɔŋ fe bɔ ni amɛaanyɛ amɛdamɔ secularism he tutuamɔ lɛ naa.

Kɛfata he lɛ, yɛ naagbee lɛ sɔlemɔi lɛ po diɛŋtsɛ ŋmɛɛ amɛhe amɛha nɛkɛ secularism nɛɛ. Yɛ afii ohai 19 lɛ mli lɛ, Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ he woloŋlelɔi ni yɔɔ Kristendom lɛ kɛ shitee-kɛ-woo wiemɔi ni mli wawai ba, ni enɛ fite mɛi pii ahemɔkɛyeli ni amɛyɔɔ yɛ Biblia lɛ mli akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ ni jɛ mumɔŋ lɛ kwraa. Sɔlemɔi lɛ kpɛlɛ sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ nɔ, ni Roma Katolek jamɔ lɛ fata he. Hɛɛ, ni amɛkɛɔ lolo akɛ amɛheɔ adebɔɔ amɛyeɔ. Shi amɛŋmɛ gbɛ ni ahe aye akɛ eeenyɛ eba akɛ adesa gbɔmɔtso lɛ jɛ sutsakemɔ mli, yɛ be mli ni susuma lɛ pɛ ji nɔ ni Nyɔŋmɔ bɔ. Yɛ 1960 afii lɛ amli lɛ, Protestant jamɔ lɛ kɛ Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ he nilee ko ba ni miijaje “Nyɔŋmɔ gbele.” Protestant osɔfoi babaoo kɛ amɛhe wo heloonaa ninamɔ shihilɛ mli. Amɛkpɛlɛ bɔlɛnamɔ ni tsɔɔ gbalashihilɛ hiɛ kɛ hii ni kɛ hii feɔ yakayaka nii lɛ anɔ. Katolek Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ he nilelɔi komɛi po kɛ heyeli tsɔɔmɔ ko ba, ni amɛkɛ Katolek jamɔ futu Mark maŋ hiɛ tsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ.

Bɔ ni Secularism Tee Sɛɛ Eha

No hewɔ lɛ, secularism bahe shi waa, titri lɛ yɛ 1960 afii lɛ amli, aahu kɛbashi 1960 afii lɛ teŋgbɛ. Kɛkɛ ni nibii batsake ekoŋŋ. Ebafee tamɔ nɔ ni Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ miiku esɛɛ aba ekoŋŋ, shi yɛ hei babaoo lɛ, jeee yɛ jamɔi wuji ni ale momo lɛ agbɛfaŋ 1970 afii lɛ anaagbee gbɛ kɛ 1980 afii lɛ amli gbɛ ni abɔi jamɔi heei babaoo tsɛmɔ oyayaayai yɛ je lɛŋ fɛɛ.

Shi mɛni hewɔ ni Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ bate shi ekoŋŋ lɛ? Frenchnyo adesai ashihilɛ he nilelɔ Gilles Kepel wie akɛ “maŋbii ni jeee osɔfoi ni atsɔse amɛ yɛ jeŋ nilee gbɛfaŋ . . . lɛ kpɛlɛɔ nɔ akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ ni bɛ amɛshihilɛ mli lɛ kɛ amɛ eyawo oshara shihilɛ mli, ni akɛ kɛtsɔ kɛɛmɔ ni adesai kɛɔ akɛ amɛye amɛhe kɛjɛ Nyɔŋmɔ shishi lɛ nɔ lɛ, eha amɛmiikpa nɔ ni amɛkɛ henɔwomɔ kɛ helakamɔ du lɛ, ni ji, toigbele, gbalamlitsemɔ, AIDS, tsofai fɔji kɛ nitsumɔ, [kɛ] hegbee.”

Bɔ ni secularism yaa sɛɛsɛɛ ehaa lɛ miiya nɔ oyayaayai titri lɛ kɛjɛ be mli ni Marxism-leninism tsɔɔmɔ lɛ butu kwraa nyɛsɛɛ nɛɛ nɔŋŋ lɛ. Kɛha mɛi babaoo lɛ, nɛkɛ jeŋ nilee ni kɛɔ akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ bɛ nɛɛ batsɔ jamɔ diɛŋtsɛ. No hewɔ lɛ susumɔ bɔ ni mɛi ni kɛ amɛhiɛ yafɔ nɔ lɛ ahiɛ baafee amɛ yaa amɛha lɛ he okwɛ! Washington Post adafitswaa sane ko ni jɛ Moscow lɛ tsɛ Communist Party Higher School lɛ tsutsu tsɔɔlɔ nukpa lɛ wiemɔ ko sɛɛ akɛ ekɛɛ: “Jeee shika helɛtemɔ kɛ gbɛjianɔtoi ni yɔɔ lɛ pɛ nɔ maŋ ko damɔɔ ehiɔ shi, shi moŋ eblema saji kɛ blemabii ni to shishi lɛ hu. Eji nijiaŋwujee sane waa kɛha adesai akuu ko akɛ amɛaakpa shi amɛna akɛ amɛblema saji ni ale fe fɛɛ lɛ damɔɔɔ anɔkwale nɔ, shi moŋ edamɔ lakamɔ wiemɔ kɛ jwɛŋmɔ folo nɔ. Shi nakai ji bɔ ni baa mli amrɔ nɛɛ yɛ wɔgbɛfaŋ yɛ Lenin kɛ maŋ hiɛ tsakemɔ ni ekɛba lɛ mli.”

Beni ewieɔ Komunist maji kɛ maji ni bɔɔ jwetri amɛhaa amɛhe lɛ fɛɛ ahe lɛ, Frenchnyo adesai ashihihilɛ he nilelɔ kɛ woloŋlelɔ Edgar Morin kpɛlɛ nɔ akɛ: “Jeee akɛ wɔmiina bɔ ni wɔsɛɛ be he hiɛnɔkamɔ ni yɔɔ nyam ni ahiɛ kɛha nitsulɔi lɛ efee efolo lɛ pɛ kɛkɛ, shi moŋ bɔ ni adesai ashihilɛ ni asusuɔ akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ he bɛ mli ni nibii fɛɛ baa kɛkɛ lɛ hu ebutu eha lɛ, he ni akɛɛ jeŋ nilee, jwɛŋmɔ kɛ maŋbii anɔyeli nyɛɔ eyaa ehiɛ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ lɛ. . . . Nɔmimaa ko kwraa bɛ yɛ hiɛyaa he. Wɔsɛɛ be ni wɔhiɛ ka nɔ lɛ efee shwɛm.” Nɛkɛ ji bɔ ni mɛi babaoo ni kɛ amɛhemɔkɛyeli yawo adesai amɔdɛŋbɔɔ mli akɛ amɛbaanyɛ amɛha jeŋ shihilɛ ahi ni Nyɔŋmɔ he bɛ mli lɛ anine enyɛ shi eha.

Miishɛɛ Hee ni Ana yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ Jamɔ He Ekoŋŋ

Nɛkɛ yiŋfutumɔ ni eba yɛ jeŋ fɛɛ nɛɛ miiha aŋkroaŋkroi anɔkwafoi pii miiyoo akɛ ehe miihia ni amɛtao amɛshihilɛ mli nibii ni he hiaa yɛ mumɔŋ lɛ hu sɛɛ gbɛ. Amɛmiina akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ he miihia. Shi amɛsumɔɔɔ jamɔi wuji ni ale amɛ jogbaŋŋ lɛ, ni mɛi komɛi hu yiŋ feɔ amɛ kɔshikɔshi yɛ jamɔi heei ni atse lɛ ahe​—ni jamɔi ni tsaa helai, mɛi ni kɛɔ akɛ amɛnaa mumɔi, kui ni feɔ amɛnii yɛ teemɔŋ, kɛ kui ni jaa Satan lɛ po fɛɛ fata he. Jamɔ mli shɛii-feemɔ hu miijie ehe kpo fiofio. No hewɔ lɛ, hɛɛ, Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ miiku esɛɛ kɛmiiba yɛ gbɛ ko nɔ. Shi ani adesai ni kuɔ amɛsɛɛ kɛyaa Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ mli ekoŋŋ nɛɛ hi kɛha amɛ? Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, ani jamɔ ko yɛ ni yɔɔ adesai amumɔŋ hiamɔ nii lɛ anaa tsabaa diɛŋtsɛ?

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 3]

“Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ ii bɔɔnɔ ni anyɛɔ enɔ lɛ ŋtsɔidɔɔmɔ,jeŋ ni mlihilɛ bɛ mli lɛ henumɔ, kɛ shihilɛ ni henumɔ ni mli wa bɛ mli lɛ hewalɛ. Eji ebɔɔ ni gbeɔ gbɔmɛi ajwɛŋmɔ.”

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Photo: New York Times, Berlin​—33225115

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 4]

Vladimir Lenin (yiteŋgbɛ) kɛ Karl Marx na Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ akɛ gbɛtsiinii kɛha adesai anɔyaa

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Musée d’Histoire Contemporaine​—BDIC (Universitiés de Paris)

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 5]

Marx-kɛ-Lenin susumɔ Iɛ kɛ hiɛnɔkamɔ kpele ko wo gbɔmɛi akpekpei abɔ atsuii amli

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Musée d’Histoire Contemporaine​—BDIC (Universitiés de Paris)

[He ni Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 2 lɛ Jɛ]

Cover photo: Garo Nalbandian