Te Yudafoi a-Kalenda lɛ Ja Ha Tɛŋŋ?

TAAKƐ Yudafoi a-kalenda lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ, Soo, September 16, 1993, ji Rosh Hashanah (Afi Hee ni Yudafoi yeɔ lɛ gbijurɔ) lɛ gbijurɔyeli gbi. Kɛkɛ lɛ taakɛ kusum tsɔɔ lɛ, akpãa shofar, loo too-akolonto tɛtrɛmantrɛ, koni akɛjaje afi hee ni akpaa ebaa gbɛ lɛ he sane atsɔɔ. Nakai afi lɛ ji 5754 (Yudafoi a-kalenda), ni ejeɔ shishi kɛjɛɔ September 16, 1993 kɛyashi September 5, 1994.

Wɔkadiɔ amrɔ nɔŋŋ akɛ, sɔrɔtofeemɔ ni feɔ afii 3,760 ka Yudafoi abe kanemɔ lɛ kɛ Anaigbɛ, loo Gregory kalenda ni akɛfɔɔ nitsumɔ bianɛ lɛ teŋ. Mɛni hewɔ sɔrɔtofeemɔ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ yɔɔ? Ni te Yudafoi a-kalenda lɛ ja ha tɛŋŋ?

He ni Ejeɔ Shishi Kɛjɛɔ lɛ ni Akɛaama Shi

Be kanemɔ he gbɛjianɔtoi fɛɛ yɛ he ko pɔtɛɛ kɛ̃ ni ejeɔ shishi kɛjɛɔ loo he ni atsɔɔ mli kɛjɛɔ. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, Kristendom kaneɔ be kɛjɛɔ afi ni asusuɔ akɛ afɔ Yesu Kristo yɛ mli lɛ nɔ. Awieɔ gbii ni jeɔ shishi kɛjɛɔ nakai be lɛ mli kɛbaa lɛ ahe akɛ eyɛ Kristofoi abe lɛ mli. Bei pii lɛ akɛ kadimɔ nii A.D. ni ajie kɛjɛ Latin wiemɔ anno Domini mli, ni eshishi ji “yɛ Nuŋtsɔ lɛ afi lɛ mli” lɛ damɔɔ shi kɛhaa nomɛi. Akadiɔ gbii ni tsɔɔ nakai be lɛ hiɛ akɛ B.C. (Before Christ), “Dani Kristo ba.”a Chinabii ni kɛ amɛhe woɔ kusum nifeemɔi amli hu kaneɔ be kɛjɛɔ 2698 D.Ŋ.B., ni ji Huang-Ti, Maŋtsɛ Wuɔfɔ ni ale lɛ waa lɛ nɔyeli shishijee beaŋ. No hewɔ lɛ, February 10, 1994, kadi Chinabii lɛ anyɔŋtsere afi ni ji 4692 lɛ shishijee. Belɛ, mɛni akɛɔ yɛ Yudafoi a-kalenda lɛ he?

The Jewish Encyclopedia lɛ kɛɛ: “Nɔ ni Yudafoi kɛtsuɔ nii bei pii ŋmɛnɛ ni kɔɔ be ni akɛfeɔ nɔ ko he lɛ ji ni amɛtsɔɔ afii abɔ ni eho kɛjɛ jeŋbɔɔ be mli.” Akɛ be kanemɔ, ni ale yɛ Yudafoi ateŋ akɛ Adebɔɔ Be lɛ bɔi nitsumɔ waa aaafee afii ohai nɛɛhu Ŋ.B. No hewɔ lɛ, bei pii lɛ aŋmaa kadimɔ nii A.M. kɛtsɔɔ gbii ni yɔɔ Yudafoi a-kalenda mli lɛ hiɛ. Edamɔ shi kɛha anno mundi, ni ji ab creatione mundi ni afo lɛ kuku, ni tsɔɔ akɛ “kɛjɛ jeŋbɔɔ be mli.” Taakɛ be kanemɔ he gbɛjianɔtoo nɛɛ tsɔɔ lɛ, akɛni afi ni wɔyɔɔ mli nɛɛ ji A.M. 5754 hewɔ lɛ, abuɔ “jeŋbɔɔ” lɛ akɛ eba mli afii 5,753 ni eho nɛ. Nyɛhaa wɔkwɛa bɔ ni afee ni ana nakai be lɛ.

“Adebɔɔ Be”

Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971) kɛ sane mlitsɔɔmɔ nɛɛ haa akɛ: “Yɛ rabifoi akɔntaabui sɔrɔtoi amli lɛ ‘Adebɔɔ Be’ lɛ je shishi yɛ afii ni ka 3762 kɛ 3758 D.Ŋ.B. teŋ lɛ ekome gbo be mli. Shi, kɛjɛ afii ohai 12 Ŋ.B. lɛ abakpɛlɛ nɔ akɛ ‘Adebɔɔ Be’ lɛ je shishi yɛ 3761 D.Ŋ.B. (kɛ́ aawie he pɔtɛɛ lɛ, nakai afi lɛ Oct. 7). Nibii ni ba yɛ be kome too lɛ nɔŋŋ mli ni ka be he akɔntaabuu ni atsɔɔ yɛ Biblia lɛ mli kɛ be he akɔntaabuu saji ni ba yɛ mra be mli Yudafoi awoji ni ba dani aje Biblia ŋmaa shishi lɛ teŋ lɛ nɔ adamɔ ni ana akɔntaabuu nɛɛ.”

Gbɛjianɔtoo kɛha be he akɔntaabuu kɛjɛ “jeŋbɔɔ” mli kɛbaa lɛ damɔ bɔ ni rabifoi tsɔɔ Biblia mli saji ni aŋmala ashwie shi lɛ shishi amɛhaa lɛ nɔ titri. Akɛni amɛheɔ amɛyeɔ akɛ abɔ je lɛ kɛ nɔ fɛɛ nɔ ni yɔɔ mli lɛ yɛ gbii ekpaa, ní eko fɛɛ eko hiɛ ŋmɛlɛtswai 24 mli hewɔ lɛ, rabi woloŋlelɔi, kɛ mɛi ni yɔɔ Kristendom lɛ fɛɛ, susuɔ akɛ abɔ klɛŋklɛŋ gbɔmɔ, ni ji Adam yɛ afi ni abɔ je lɛ mli lɛ nɔŋŋ. Shi kɛlɛ, enɛ ejaaa kwraa.

Mose Klɛŋklɛŋ Wolo lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ yitso lɛ jeɔ shishi kɛ wiemɔi nɛɛ akɛ: “Shishijee mli lɛ Nyɔŋmɔ bɔ ŋwɛi kɛ shikpɔŋ.” Kɛkɛ ni etee nɔ etsɔɔ nɔ ni Nyɔŋmɔ fee yɛ “gbii” ekpaa ni tsara nɔ, ní etsake shikpɔŋ ni nɔ yɔɔ “olɛŋlɛ ni efee flóŋŋ” lɛ efee lɛ he ko ni hi kɛha adesai ashihilɛ he lɛ mli. (1 Mose 1:1, 2) Afii akpekpei abɔ baanyɛ aho yɛ nɛkɛ bei enyɔ nɛɛ ateŋ. Kɛfata he lɛ, adebɔɔ gbii lɛ jeee ŋmɛlɛtswai 24 bei, tamɔ nɔ ni afo husu ni tamɔ nakai awo Bɔlɔ lɛ nitsumɔi ahe. Anaa wiemɔ ni tsɔɔ akɛ “gbi” ni awie he yɛ wiemɔ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ mli lɛ baanyɛ afa fe ŋmɛlɛtswai 24 lɛ yɛ 1 Mose 2:4, ni wieɔ bei fɛɛ ni akɛbɔ nibii lɛ ahe akɛ yɛ “gbi” kome lɛ mli. Afii akpei babaoo baho yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ nibɔɔ gbi lɛ kɛ gbi ni ji ekpaa, ni ji gbi nɔ ni abɔ Adam lɛ teŋ. Ní aaabu gbi ni abɔ Adam lɛ akɛ eba mli yɛ gbi ni abɔ ŋwɛi kɛ shikpɔŋ diɛŋtsɛ lɛ nɔŋŋ mli lɛ jeee Ŋmalɛ mli tsɔɔmɔ, ni ekɛ jeŋ nilee hu kpaaa gbee. Shi kɛlɛ, te afee tɛŋŋ ana akɛ “Adebɔɔ Be” lɛ je shishi yɛ 3761 D.Ŋ.B.?

Nɔ ni Be He Akɔntaabuu lɛ Damɔ Nɔ

Wɔhe ni bɛ nii lɛ, Yudafoi awoji pii ni akɔntabuui ni asusuɔ he lɛ damɔ nɔ lɛ eko bɛ dɔŋŋ. Nɔ ni eshwɛ pɛ ji be he akɔntaabuu wolo ni tsutsu ko lɛ atsɛɔ lɛ Seder ʽOlam (Je lɛ He Gbɛjianɔtoo) lɛ. Atsɔɔ akɛ afii ohai enyɔ Ŋ.B. Talmud woloŋlelɔ Yose ben Halafta ji mɔ ni ŋma. Wolo nɛɛ (ni sɛɛ mli lɛ atsɛ lɛ Seder ʽOlam Rabbah koni akɛtsɔɔ sɔrɔto ni ka ekɛ Teŋgbɛ Afii lɛ amli wolo ni yitso ji Seder ʽOlam Zuṭa lɛ teŋ) lɛ kɛ yinɔsane be he akɔntaabuu haa kɛjɛ Adam yinɔ kɛbashi klɛŋklɛŋ afii ohai enyɔ Ŋ.B. ni ji Yudafoi atuatsemɔ ni amɛkɛte shi amɛwo Roma yɛ amale Mesia Bar Kokhba shishi lɛ be mli. Te fee tɛŋŋ ni niŋmalɔ nɛɛ nine shɛ sane ni tamɔ nɛkɛ nɔ?

Beni Yose ben Halafta bɔ mɔdɛŋ koni enyiɛ Biblia sane lɛ sɛɛ lɛ, ekɛ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ eshishitsɔɔmɔi fata he yɛ he ni ŋmalɛ ni kɔɔ gbii lɛ ahe lɛ bɛ faŋŋ yɛ lɛ. The Jewish Encyclopedia lɛ kɛɔ akɛ: “Yɛ shihilɛi pii amli lɛ, . . . ekɛ gbii lɛ ha yɛ blema sane jwɛŋmɔ naa, ni kɛfata he lɛ ekɛ wiemɔi kɛ halakot [blema saji] ni kɔɔ rabifoi ni tsɔ hiɛ amɛhi shi kɛ mɛi ni ekɛ amɛ hi shi yɛ ebeaŋ lɛ ahe fata he.” Mɛi krokomɛi kɛ anɔkwayeli tsuuu bɔ ni amɛnaa nibii amɛhaa lɛ ahe nii. The Book of Jewish Knowledge kpɛlɛɔ nɔ akɛ: “Ekane kɛjɛ Adebɔɔ Be lɛ mli, ni etsɔɔ he ni gbii lɛ jɛ kɛba lɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ akɛ ejɛ Yudafoi anifeemɔi sɔrɔtoi ni atsɔ hiɛ asusu akɛ eba kɛjɛ Adam, klɛŋklɛŋ gbɔmɔ lɛ yinɔ, kɛyashi Alexander Kpeteŋkpele lɛ yinɔ lɛ, ni ekɛ odaseyeli ko fataaa he.” Shi mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ kwraa nakai shishitsɔɔmɔi kɛ saji ni akɛwo mli lɛ saa bɔ ni Yudafoi abe he akɔntaabuu lɛ ja jogbaŋŋ ha lɛ he ehaa? Nyɛhaa wɔkwɛa.

Blema Saji kɛ Shishitsɔɔmɔi

Taakɛ rabifoi ablema sane lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ, Yose ben Halafta bu akɔntaa akɛ sɔlemɔwe ni ji enyɔ ni ama yɛ Yerusalem lɛ he afii 420. Enɛ damɔ bɔ ni rabifoi tsɔɔ Daniel gbalɛ ni kɔɔ “otsii nyɔŋmai-kpawo” loo afii 490 lɛ shishi amɛhaa lɛ nɔ. (Daniel 9:24) Akɛ nɛkɛ be falɛ nɛɛ tsu nii akɛto be ni ka klɛŋklɛŋ sɔlemɔwe lɛ hiɛkpatamɔ lɛ kɛ nɔ ni ji enyɔ lɛ hiɛkpatamɔ lɛ teŋ lɛ he. Beni Yose ben Halafta kpɛlɛɔ Babilon nom ni amɛtee afii 70 lɛ nɔ lɛ, ebamu sane naa akɛ sɔlemɔwe ni ji enyɔ lɛ ye afii 420.

Shi, tɔmɔ ni hiɛdɔɔ yɔɔ mli baa shishitsɔɔmɔ nɛɛ he. Ale afi ni abutu Babilon (539 D.Ŋ.B.) kɛ sɔlemɔwe ni ji enyɔ lɛ hiɛkpatamɔ (70 Ŋ.B.) lɛ fɛɛ akɛ yinɔsane mli bei. No hewɔ lɛ, esa akɛ sɔlemɔwe ni ji enyɔ lɛ be lɛ afee afii 606 fe nɔ ni eeefee afii 420. Yudafoi abe he akɔntaabuu lɛ tse nɔ afii 186, akɛni amɛkɛ afii 420 pɛ haa be nɛɛ hewɔ.

Daniel gbalɛ lɛ kɔɔɔ be sɛɛjɛkɛmɔ ni Yerusalem sɔlemɔwe lɛ baahi shi aha lɛ he. Shi moŋ, egbaa be ni Mesia lɛ baapue lɛ he sane. Gbalɛ lɛ tsɔɔ faŋŋ akɛ “kɛjɛ beyinɔ ni wiemɔ aaaje kpo akɛ aku sɛɛ ayatswa Yerusalem ekoŋŋ lɛ kɛyashi [Mesia] mɔ ni afɔ lɛ mu ni ji Lumɔ lɛ nɔ lɛ, efeɔ otsii kpawo, ni otsii nyɔŋmai-ekpaa kɛ enyɔ mli aaaku sɛɛ ayatswa lɛ ekoŋŋ.” (Daniel 9:25, 26) Eyɛ mli akɛ ato sɔlemɔwe lɛ shishi yɛ Yudafoi asɛɛkuu kɛmiijɛ nomŋɔɔ mli (536 D.Ŋ.B.) lɛ afi ni ji enyɔ lɛ mli moŋ, shi “wiemɔ” akɛ aku sɛɛ ayatswa Yerusalem maŋ lɛ ekoŋŋ lɛ baaa mli aahu kɛyashi “maŋtsɛ Artashasta yinɔ afi ni ji nyɔŋmai-enyɔ lɛ nɔ.” (Nehemia 2:1-8) Je lɛŋ yinɔsane ni ja lɛ kɛ be ni ji 455 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ maa shi akɛ no ji nakai afi lɛ. Kɛ aakane “otsii” 69 loo afii 483 kɛmiiya hiɛ lɛ, ekɛ wɔ baa 29 Ŋ.B. Nakai be lɛ ji Mesia puemɔ be lɛ, yɛ Yesu baptisimɔ be lɛ mli.b

Rabifoi ashishitsɔɔmɔ kroko hu ni kɛ yiŋfutumɔ babaoo eba yɛ Yudafoi abe he akɔntaabuu mli lɛ kɔɔ be ni afɔ Abraham lɛ he. Rabifoi lɛ kɛ yinɔi sɔrɔtoi ni tsara nɔ ni aŋma yɛ 1 Mose 11:10-26 afii lɛ fata he ni ekɛ afii 292 ha be ni ka kɛjɛ Nu Afua lɛ be lɛ kɛyashi be ni afɔ Abraham (Abram) lɛ teŋ. Shi kɛlɛ, naagba lɛ yɛ bɔ ni rabifoi lɛ tsɔɔ kuku 26 lɛ shishi amɛha lɛ hewɔ, nɔ ni kɛɔ akɛ: “Tera eye afii nyɔŋmai-kpawo, ni efɔ Abram kɛ Nahor kɛ Haran.” Yɛ enɛ hewɔ lɛ, Yudafoi ablemasaji lɛ susuɔ akɛ beni afɔ Abram lɛ no mli lɛ Tera eye afii 70. Kɛlɛ, kuku lɛ etsɔɔɔ pɔtɛɛ akɛ Tera batsɔ Abraham tsɛ beni eye afii 70 lɛ. Yɛ no najiaŋ lɛ, ekɛɛ kɛkɛ akɛ ebafɔ bihii etɛ beni eye afii 70 sɛɛ.

Kɛ wɔɔna afi diɛŋtsɛ ni Tera ye beni afɔ Abraham lɛ, no lɛ nɔ ni ehe hiaa ni wɔfee pɛ ji ni wɔkane bɔ ni Biblia lɛ eto saji anaa eha lɛ naa. Wɔkaseɔ kɛjɛɔ 1 Mose 11:32–12:4 lɛ akɛ yɛ Tera gbele sɛɛ beni eye afii 205 lɛ, Abraham kɛ eweku lɛ shi Haran yɛ Yehowa famɔ naa. No mli lɛ Abraham eye afii 75. No hewɔ lɛ ekolɛ afɔ Abraham beni Tera eye afii 130, shi jeee afii 70. No hewɔ lɛ, be ni ba kɛjɛ Nu Afua lɛ mli kɛtee Abraham fɔmɔ be mli lɛ feɔ afii 352, jeee afii 292. Biɛ hu lɛ Yudafoi abe he akɔntaabuu lɛ etɔ fã kɛ afii 60.

Jamɔ Mli Nɔ Ko Ni Eshwɛ

Nɛkɛ tɔmɔi nɛɛ kɛ saji ni kɛ amɛhe kpaaa gbee ni yɔɔ Seder ‘Olam Rabbah kɛ Talmud be he akɔntaabu woji amli lɛ kɛ hiɛgbele babaoo eba ni eha ehe wiemɔ ete shi yɛ Yudafoi woloŋlelɔi ateŋ. Eyɛ mli akɛ abɔ mɔdɛŋ sɔrɔtoi babaoo koni akɛ yinɔsane mli anɔkwa saji ni ale ajaje nɛkɛ be he akɔntaabuu nɛɛ moŋ, shi amɛyeko omanye kwraa kɛmɔko shi. Mɛni hewɔ? Encyclopaedia Judaica lɛ ŋma akɛ: “Nɔ ni amɛkɛma amɛhiɛ lɛ jeee kɛha nilee taomɔ shi moŋ edamɔ jamɔ nɔ titri. Ákɛ afĩ blema saji asɛɛ bɔ fɛɛ bɔ ni eji, titri lɛ yɛ jamɔ mli kui ni kɛ amɛ kpaaa gbee lɛ hewɔ.” Ni amɛaajie yiŋfutumɔ ni amɛ blema saji lɛ kɛba moŋ lɛ, Yudafoi woloŋlelɔi komɛi bɔ mɔdɛŋ akɛ amɛaagbe Biblia saji lɛ ahe guɔ. Mɛi krokomɛi bɔ mɔdɛŋ koni amɛna sɛɛfimɔ kɛjɛ Babilonbii, Mizraimbii, kɛ Hindubii adesãi kɛ blema saji amli.

Yɛ enɛ hewɔ lɛ, yinɔsane ŋmalɔi ebuuu “Adebɔɔ Be” lɛ akɛ be he akɔntaabuu wolo ni aŋma ni akɛ he fɔɔ nɔ dɔŋŋ. Yudafoi woloŋlelɔi fioo komɛi pɛ baabɔ mɔdɛŋ akɛ amɛaafã he, ni woji ni yɔɔ hegbɛ tamɔ The Jewish Encyclopedia kɛ Encyclopaedia Judaica ni atsɛɔ sɛɛ po lɛ hiɛɔ jwɛŋmɔ ni ejaaa yɛ he. No hewɔ lɛ, anyɛŋ abu gbɛ ni Yudafoi tsɔɔ nɔ amɛkɛkaneɔ be yɛ amɛ blema saji anaa kɛjɛ jeŋbɔɔ shishijee mli, yɛ be he akɔntaabuu naa lɛ akɛ eja, yɛ Biblia be he akɔntaabuu, kɛ Yehowa Nyɔŋmɔ gbalɛ be he akɔntaabuu ni agbeleɔ naa atsɔɔ lɛ naa.

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