YITSO 9
Yuda Jamɔ—Nyɔŋmɔ Sɛɛ Gbɛ Taomɔ Kɛtsɔ Ŋmalɛ kɛ Blema Sane Nɔ
1, 2. (a) Namɛi ji Yudafoi komɛi ni amɛhe gbɛi ni na yinɔsane kɛ hiŋmɛigbelemɔ nɔ hewalɛ lɛ? (b) Mɛɛ sane mɛi komɛi baanyɛ abi?
MOSE, Yesu, Mahler, Marx, Freud, kɛ Einstein—amɛ fɛɛ amɛje amɛhe yɛ mɛni mli? Amɛ fɛɛ amɛji Yudafoi, ni amɛ fɛɛ amɛna adesa yinɔsane kɛ hiŋmɛigbelemɔ nɔ hewalɛ yɛ gbɛi sɔrɔtoi anɔ. Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ Yudafoi ehe gbɛi jogbaŋŋ afii akpei abɔ. Biblia lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ji enɛ he odaseyeli.
2 Yuda jamɔ damɔ yinɔsane nɔ, shi jeee adesãi ni atãa nɔ, taakɛ blema jamɔi kɛ hiŋmɛigbelemɔi krokomɛi ji lɛ. Ni kɛlɛ, mɛi komɛi baabi akɛ: Yudafoi lɛ ayi faaa kwraa, aaafee akpekpei 18 yɛ jeŋ ni emli gbɔmɛi ayifalɛ fe akpekpei akpei 5 lɛ mli, mɛni hewɔ esa akɛ wɔnya amɛjamɔ, ni ji Yuda jamɔ lɛ he?
Nɔ Hewɔ ni Esa akɛ Wɔnya Yuda Jamɔ He
3, 4. (a) Mɛni yɔɔ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli? (b) Mɛni ji yiŋtoi komɛi ahewɔ ni esa akɛ wɔsusu Yudafoi ajamɔ lɛ kɛ eshishitoo he lɛ?
3 Yiŋtoo kome ji akɛ, Yudafoi ajamɔ lɛ shishifai yaa sɛɛ tɔ̃ɔ aaafee afii 4,000 yɛ yinɔsane mli, ni jamɔi wuji krokomɛi daa shi yɛ gbɛ babaoo loo gbɛ bibioo nɔ yɛ e-Ŋmalɛi lɛ ahewɔ. (Kwɛmɔ baafa 220.) Kristojamɔ, ni Yesu (Hebri, Ye·shuʹa‛), ni ji klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli Yudanyo to shishi lɛ, shishifai jɛ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli. Ni taakɛ Qur’ān kanemɔ fɛɛ kanemɔ baatsɔɔ lɛ, nɔ ni Islām hu yɔɔ lɛ babaoo jɛ nakai ŋmalɛi lɛ amli. (Qur’ān, surah 2:49-57; 32:23, 24) No hewɔ lɛ, kɛ wɔtao Yudafoi ajamɔ lɛ mli wɔkwɛ lɛ, belɛ wɔmiitao jamɔi kɛ jamɔ kui krokomɛi ohai abɔ hu shishifai amli.
4 Yiŋtoo ni ji enyɔ ni he hiaa ji akɛ, Yudafoi ajamɔ lɛ kɛ tsakpaa ko ni he hiaa haa yɛ anɔkwa Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ sɛɛ gbɛ ni adesai taoɔ lɛ mli. Taakɛ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ, no mli lɛ Abram, Yudafoi lɛ ablematsɛ lɛ miija anɔkwa Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ momo nɔ ni miihe ashɛ afii 4,000 ni eho nɛ.a No hewɔ lɛ, shishinumɔ yɛ he akɛ wɔɔbi akɛ, Te fee tɛŋŋ ni Yudafoi lɛ kɛ amɛhemɔkɛyeli lɛ je shishi?—1 Mose 17:18.
Te Fee Tɛŋŋ ni Yudafoi lɛ Ba?
5, 6. Yɛ ekukufoo mli lɛ, mɛni ji Yudafoi lɛ kɛ amɛgbɛi lɛ shishijee he yinɔsane?
5 Kɛ aaawie he lɛ, Yudafoi lɛ ji blema Shembii aweku ni wieɔ Hebri wiemɔ lɛ aseshibii. (1 Mose 10:1, 21-32; 1 Kronika 1:17-28, 34; 2:1, 2) Nɔ ni miihe ashɛ afii 4,000 ni eho nɛ lɛ, amɛ blematsɛ Abram fa kɛjɛ Kaldeabii amaŋ wulu ni ji Ur ni yɔɔ Sumer lɛ mli kɛba Kanaan shikpɔŋ, ni Nyɔŋmɔ ewie nɛkɛ yɛ he lɛ nɔ: “Oseshi lɛ maŋɔ nɛkɛ shikpɔŋ nɛɛ maha.”b (1 Mose 11:31–12:7) Awie ehe akɛ “Abram, Hebrinyo lɛ,” yɛ 1 Mose 14:13, eyɛ mli akɛ yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ atsake egbɛi ni abatsɛ lɛ Abraham. (1 Mose 17:4-6) Lɛ emli Yudafoi lɛ naa amɛseshi kpãa ni jeɔ shishi kɛjɛɔ ebinuu Isak kɛ enabi Yakob nɔ, mɔ ni atsake egbɛi afee lɛ Israel lɛ kɛjɛɔ. (1 Mose 32:27-29) Israel na bihii 12 ni bafee akutsei 12 lɛ shishitolɔi lɛ. Amɛteŋ mɔ kome ji Yuda, ni egbɛi lɛ mli yɛ naagbee lɛ ana wiemɔ “Yudanyo” lɛ kɛjɛ.—2 Maŋtsɛmɛi 16:6, J.P.
6 Beni be shwieɔ mli lɛ, akɛ wiemɔ “Yudanyo” lɛ to Israelbii fɛɛ he, shi jeee kɛha Yuda seshinyo pɛ. (Esther 3:6; 9:20) Akɛni akpata Yudafoi lɛ aseshibii afɔmɔ yinɔsane woji lɛ ahiɛ yɛ afi 70 Ŋ.B. beni Romabii lɛ shã Yerusalem lɛ hewɔ lɛ, Yudanyo ko bɛ ni ŋmɛnɛ eeenyɛ etsɔɔ nɔ weku mli ni ejɛ diɛŋtsɛ. Yɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, blema Yudafoi ajamɔ lɛ etee nɔ etsake yɛ afii akpei abɔ lɛ amli. Ŋmɛnɛ, Yudafoi akpekpei abɔ ni yɔɔ Republic of Israel kɛ Diaspora (mɛi ni egbɛ eshwa je lɛ mli) lɛ kɛ amɛhe ewo Yuda Jamɔ mli. Mɛni ji nakai jamɔ lɛ nɔdaamɔ nɔ?
Mose, Mla lɛ, kɛ Maŋ Ko
7. Mɛɛ kita Nyɔŋmɔ ka Abraham, ni mɛni hewɔ?
7 Yɛ afi 1943 D.Ŋ.B.c lɛ, Nyɔŋmɔ hala Abram koni efee etsulɔ krɛdɛɛ ko, ni yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ eka lɛ kita ko ni hiɛdɔɔ yɔɔ mli, yɛ anɔkwa ni eye, akɛni eesumɔ ni ekɛ abinuu Isak asha afɔle aha lɛ lɛ hewɔ, eyɛ mli akɛ agbeee afɔleshaa lɛ naa moŋ. (1 Mose 12:1-3; 22:1-14) Nyɔŋmɔ kɛɛ yɛ nakai kitakamɔ lɛ mli akɛ: “Mika Mi Diɛŋtsɛ Mihe kita, NUŊTSƆ lɛ [Hebri: יהוה, YHWH] kɛɛ: Akɛni ofee enɛ ni okamaaa mi obi lɛ ni ji obi kometoo lɛ hewɔ lɛ, mikɛ Mi-jɔɔmɔi aaashwie onɔ, ni maha oseshibii afa tamɔ ŋwɛi ŋulamii . . . Ni oseshibii [“seshi,” JP] lɛ mli aaajɛ ajɔɔ shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ jeŋmaji fɛɛ, ejaakɛ oye Mi-kita lɛ nɔ.” Ati nɛkɛ kita nɛɛ mli atsɔɔ Abraham binuu kɛ enabi, ni etee nɔ ehi Yuda kutso lɛ kɛ David wekukpaa lɛ mli. Nɛkɛ Nyɔŋmɔ kome jamɔ ni yɔɔ gbagbalii ni kɔɔ Nyɔŋmɔ diɛŋtsɛ ni yɔɔ ni kɛ adesai yeɔ tɛ̃ɛ nɛɛ he lɛ ji nɔ ko ni ekaaa yɛ nakai blema je lɛ mli, ni enɛ bafee Yudafoi ajamɔ lɛ shishitoo.—1 Mose 22:15-18; 26:3-5; 28:13-15; Lala 89:4, 5, 29, 30, 36, 37 (Lala 89: 3, 4, 28, 29, 35, 36, NW).
8. Namɔ ji Mose, ni mɛni etsu yɛ Israel?
8 Bɔni afee ni etsu E-shiwoi ni ekɛha Abraham lɛ ahe nii lɛ, Nyɔŋmɔ to maŋ ko shishi kɛtsɔ kpaŋmɔ krɛdɛɛ ko ni ekɛ Abraham seshibii lɛ fee lɛ nɔ. Akɛ kpaŋmɔ nɛɛ ha kɛtsɔ Mose, Hebrinyo hiɛnyiɛlɔ kpeteŋkpele kɛ Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ Israel teŋdamɔlɔ lɛ nɔ. Namɔ ji Mose, ni mɛni hewɔ ehe hiaa waa kɛha Yudafoi lɛ? Biblia mli Mose Wolo ni ji Enyɔ lɛ mli saji lɛ gbaa wɔ akɛ afɔ lɛ yɛ Mizraim (1593 D.Ŋ.B.) ni efɔlɔi ji Israel nyɔji ni fata Israelbii ni eshwɛ ni yɔɔ nyɔŋyeli mli lɛ ahe. Lɛ ji mɔ ni “NUŊTSƆ lɛ jie lɛ,” koni enyiɛ E-webii lɛ ahiɛ kɛya heyeli mli yɛ Kanaan, Shiwoo Shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ. (5 Mose 6:23; 34:10) Mose tsu nitsumɔ titri akɛ Mla kpaŋmɔ ni Nyɔŋmɔ kɛha Israel lɛ teŋdamɔlɔ lɛ he nii, kɛfata amɛ gbalɔ, kojolɔ, hiɛnyiɛlɔ, kɛ yinɔsaneŋmalɔ ni eji lɛ he.—2 Mose 2:1–3:22.
9, 10. (a) Mɛni ji Mla ni atsɔ Mose nɔ akɛha lɛ? (b) Mɛɛ shihilɛ mli nibii komɛi Kitai Nyɔŋma lɛ wie he? (d) Mɛɛ gbɛnaa nii Mla kpaŋmɔ lɛ kɛfɔ Israel nɔ?
9 Nɔ ni yɔɔ Mla ni Israel kpɛlɛ nɔ lɛ mli ji Wiemɔi Nyɔŋma, loo Kitai, kɛ mlai fe 600 ni ji daa gbi jeŋba he famɔi kɛ gbɛtsɔɔmɔi fɛɛ ni ato naa. (Kwɛmɔ baafa 211.) Ekɔɔ je lɛŋ nibii kɛ krɔŋkrɔŋ nibii ahe—gbɔmɔtsoŋ kɛ jeŋba mli taomɔ nii kɛ agbɛnɛ Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ.
10 Nɛkɛ Mla kpaŋmɔ, loo jamɔ he gbɛjianɔtoo nɛɛ waje blematsɛmɛi lɛ ahemɔkɛyeli ni ana akɛ eji nɔ ko pɔtɛɛ ni yɔɔ. Nɔ ni jɛ mli ba ji akɛ, Abraham seshibii lɛ bafee maŋ ni ejɔɔ ehe nɔ eha Nyɔŋmɔ sɔɔmɔ. No hewɔ lɛ Yudafoi ajamɔ lɛ bahe shi akɛ nɔ ko pɔtɛɛ ni anaa, ni Yudafoi lɛ batsɔ maŋ ni ato amɛ gbɛjianɔ aha amɛ Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ jamɔ kɛ sɔɔmɔ. Nyɔŋmɔ wo amɛ shi yɛ 2 Mose 19:5, 6 akɛ: “Kɛji nyɛkɛ anɔkwayeli aaabo Mi-gbee toi, ni nyɛaaye Mi-kpaŋmɔ lɛ nɔ lɛ, . . . Nyɛaatsɔ osɔfoi amaŋtsɛyeli kɛ maŋ krɔŋkrɔŋ nyɛha Mi.” No hewɔ lɛ, Israelbii lɛ baatsɔ ‘maŋ ni ahala’ ni amɛtsu Nyɔŋmɔ yiŋtoo he nii. Shi kpaŋmɔ shiwoi lɛ amlibaa damɔ nɔ ko nɔ, “Kɛji . . . nyɛaabo . . . toi.” Agbɛnɛ Nyɔŋmɔ he gbɛnaa nii ka nakai maŋ ni ejɔɔ ehe nɔ lɛ nɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, yɛ sɛɛ mli be ko (afii ohai kpaanyɔ D.Ŋ.B.) lɛ, Nyɔŋmɔ baanyɛ akɛɛ Yudafoi lɛ akɛ: “Midasefoi ji nyɛ—NUŊTSƆ lɛ [Hebri: יהוה, YHWH] kɛɛ—Mi-tsulɔ, mɔ ni mihala.”—Yesaia 43:10, 12.
Maŋ ni Yɔɔ Osɔfoi, Gbalɔi, kɛ Maŋtsɛmɛi
11. Te fee tɛŋŋ ni osɔfoyeli lɛ kɛ maŋtsɛyeli lɛ ba?
11 Beni Israel maŋ lɛ yɔɔ ŋa lɛ nɔ lolo ni amɛmiiya Shiwoo Shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ lɛ, ato osɔfoyeli ko shishi yɛ Mose nyɛmi Aaron weku lɛ mli. Buu, loo kpeebuu ko ni da saŋŋ, ni anyɛɔ ajieɔ kɛyaa he kroko batsɔ Israel jamɔ kɛ afɔleshaa he. (2 Mose, yitsei 26-28) Yɛ be ni sa mli lɛ, Israel maŋ lɛ bashɛ Shiwoo Shikpɔŋ lɛ, Kanaan nɔ, ni amɛye nɔ kunim, taakɛ Nyɔŋmɔ efa lɛ. (Yoshua 1:2-6) Yɛ naagbee lɛ ato shikpɔŋ nɔ maŋtsɛyeli ama shi, ni yɛ afi 1077 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ, David, ni jɛ Yuda akutso lɛ mli lɛ batsɔ maŋtsɛ. Kɛtsɔ enɔyeli lɛ nɔ lɛ, ato maŋtsɛyeli lɛ kɛ osɔfoyeli lɛ fɛɛ ama shi shiŋŋ yɛ maŋ lɛ jamɔ hé hee, ni ji Yerusalem.—1 Samuel 8:7.
12. Mɛɛ shiwoo Nyɔŋmɔ etsɔ hiɛ ekɛha David?
12 Yɛ David gbele sɛɛ lɛ, ebi Salomo ma sɔlemɔtsu fɛfɛo yɛ Yerusalem, ni ekɛ enɛ to kpeebuu lɛ najiaŋ. Akɛni Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ David efee kpaŋmɔ akɛ maŋtsɛyeli lɛ baahi eweku lɛ mli kɛya naanɔ hewɔ lɛ, anu shishi akɛ, gbi ko lɛ, Maŋtsɛ ko ni afɔ lɛ mu, Mesia lɛ, baajɛ David wekukpaa lɛ mli aba. Gbalɛ tsɔɔ mli akɛ, Israel kɛ jeŋmaji lɛ fɛɛ baana nɔyeli ni yeɔ emuu mli ŋɔɔmɔ, kɛtsɔ nɛkɛ Mesia Maŋtsɛ, loo “seshi” nɛɛ nɔ. (1 Mose 22:18, JP) Hiɛnɔkamɔ nɛɛ he shi, ni bɔ ni Yudafoi ajamɔ lɛ nɔ Mesia lɛ baatsɔ aba lɛ bafee faŋŋ.—2 Samuel 7:8-16; Lala 72:1-20; Yesaia 11:1-10; Zakaria 9:9, 10.
13. Namɛi Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ amɛ tsu nii koni amɛjaje Israel sɛɛsɛɛyalɔi lɛ? Ha ehe nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ.
13 Shi Yudafoi lɛ ŋmɛ gbɛ ni Kanaanbii kɛ jeŋmaji krokomɛi ni ebɔle amɛhe lɛ apasa jamɔ lɛ na amɛnɔ hewalɛ. Nɔ ni jɛ mli ba ji akɛ, amɛku kpaŋmɔ ni ka amɛkɛ Nyɔŋmɔ teŋ lɛ mli. Bɔni afee ni ejaje amɛ ni etsɔɔ amɛ gbɛ kɛba ekoŋŋ lɛ, Yehowa tsu gbalɔi sɔrɔtoi koni amɛkɛ esane lɛ ayaha gbɔmɛi lɛ. No hewɔ lɛ, gbalɛ batsɔ Yudafoi lɛ ajamɔ lɛ nɔ kroko ni ekaaa, ni nɔ ni fa titri yɛ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli woji 18 hiɛ gbalɔi agbɛi.—Yesaia 1:4-17.
14. Te saji ni tee nɔ lɛ bu gbalɔi ni hi Israel lɛ bem eha tɛŋŋ?
14 Gbalɔi nɛɛ ateŋ mɛi ni ekaaa ji Yesaia, Yeremia, kɛ Ezekiel, ni amɛ fɛɛ amɛbɔ Yehowa toigbalamɔ ni ekɛbaaba maŋ lɛ nɔ yɛ ewɔŋjamɔ hewɔ lɛ he kɔkɔ. Nɛkɛ toigbalamɔ nɛɛ ba yɛ afi 607 D.Ŋ.B. beni yɛ Israel hemɔkɛyeli kwamɔ hewɔ lɛ, Yehowa ŋmɛ Babilon, ni no mli lɛ eji jeŋ hewalɛ ni yeɔ nɔ lɛ gbɛ koni ebutu Yerusalem kɛ esɔlemɔtsu lɛ ni eŋɔ maŋ lɛ kɛya nom mli lɛ. Abu gbalɔi lɛ anɔkwafoi yɛ nɔ ni amɛgba amɛfɔ shi lɛ mli, ni Israel nomŋɔɔ afii 70 yɛ afii ohai ekpaa D.Ŋ.B. lɛ mli titri lɛ ji yinɔsane ni aŋmala ashwie shi.—2 Kronika 36:20, 21; Yeremia 25:11, 12; Daniel 9:2.
15. (a) Te fee tɛŋŋ ni jamɔ hee ko je shishi yɛ Yudafoi lɛ ateŋ? (b) Mɛɛ hewalɛ kpeehei lɛ na yɛ jamɔ ni yaa nɔ yɛ Yerusalem lɛ nɔ?
15 Koresh ni ji Pershianyo lɛ ye Babilon nɔ kunim yɛ afi 539 D.Ŋ.B., ni eŋmɛ Yudafoi lɛ agbɛ ni amɛyahi amɛshikpɔŋ nɔ ekoŋŋ ni amɛtswa sɔlemɔtsu ni yɔɔ Yerusalem lɛ amɛma shi ekoŋŋ. Eyɛ mli akɛ shwɛɛnii fioo ko kpɛlɛ nɔ moŋ, shi Yudafoi lɛ ateŋ mɛi ni fa hi shi yɛ Babilonbii ashihilɛ ni amɛbale lɛ hewɔ. Yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ Pershia hiŋmɛigbelemɔ na Yudafoi lɛ anɔ hewalɛ. Yɛ naagbee lɛ Yudafoi yahe shi yɛ Boka Teŋgbɛ kɛ agbɛnɛ kɛbɔle Mediteranea he. Jamɔ hee ko te shi yɛ akutsei lɛ fɛɛ mli ni kɔɔ amɛkpee hei, ni Yudafoi ni yɔɔ maji lɛ eko fɛɛ eko mli lɛ kpeɔ yɛ akɛ asafo lɛ he. Ebalɛ akɛ nɛkɛ gbɛjianɔtoo nɛɛ ba Yerusalem sɔlemɔtsu lɛ ni ama ekoŋŋ lɛ nɔmimaa lɛ shi. Yudafoi ni eyaje shɔŋŋ lɛ ebatsɔ Diaspora loo mɛi ni agbɛ amɛ ashwa lɛlɛŋ.—Ezra 2:64, 65.
Yuda Jamɔ Je Kpo Kɛba kɛ Hela Atade
16, 17. (a) Mɛɛ hewalɛ hee mli lɛɛ yɛ Mediteranea je lɛ mli fɛɛ yɛ afii ohai ejwɛ D.Ŋ.B. lɛ mli? (b) Namɛi anɔ atsɔ agbɛ Hela hiŋmɛigbelemɔ ashwa, ni yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ? (d) Te Yuda jamɔ pue yɛ je lɛ mli agbɛnɛ eha tɛŋŋ?
16 Beni shɛɔ afii ohai ejwɛ D.Ŋ.B. lɛ, no mli lɛ Yudafoi ni amɛto maji bibii lɛ nyɛɛɛ afi shi shiŋŋ, ni enɛ ha hiŋmɛigbelemɔ ni jeee Yudafoi anɔ ni miihe shi yɛ Mediteranea niiaŋ kɛ esɛɛ fɛɛ lɛ miiye Yudafoi lɛ anɔ. Nui nɛɛ tue kɛjɛ Hela, ni Yuda jamɔ fa kpo kɛjɛ mli kɛ Helabii atade.
17 Yɛ afi 332 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ, Hela tatsɛ nukpa Alexander Kpeteŋkpele lɛ kɛ oyaiyeli ye Boka Teŋgbɛ nɔ kunim ni Yudafoi lɛ here lɛ atuu beni eba Yerusalem lɛ.d Alexander sɛɛyelɔi lɛ tee nɔ amɛtsu eyiŋtoo ni ji Helabii ahiŋmɛigbelemɔ mlilɛɛmɔ lɛ he nii, ni amɛkɛ Hela wiemɔ, hiŋmɛigbelemɔ, kɛ jeŋ nilee shwã maŋtsɛyeli lɛ mli he fɛɛ he. Yɛ enɛ hewɔ lɛ, Helabii kɛ Yudafoi ahiŋmɛigbelemɔ lɛ futu ni nɔ ni baajɛ mli aba lɛ baafee nɔ ko ni yɔɔ naakpɛɛ.
18. (a) Mɛni hewɔ Hela Septuagint shishitsɔɔmɔ ni afee kɛjɛ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli lɛ he hiaa lɛ? (b) Mɛɛ Hela hiŋmɛigbelemɔ sa Yudafoi lɛ ahe titri?
18 Diaspora Yudafoi lɛ je shishi amɛwie Hela moŋ fe Hebri. No hewɔ lɛ kɛmiiba afii ohai etɛ D.Ŋ.B. lɛ shishijee lɛ, atsɔɔ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ ni atsɛɔ lɛ Septuagint, lɛ shishi klɛŋklɛŋ kwraa kɛba Hela wiemɔ mli, ni jeŋmajiaŋbii pii tsɔ enɛ nɔ amɛbana bulɛ amɛha Yudafoi lɛ ajamɔ lɛ ni amɛbale enɛ hu, ni atsake mɛi komɛi po kɛba Yuda jamɔ mli.e No mli lɛ Yudafoi lɛ hu miikase Helabii anilee ni amɛteŋ mɛi komɛi po batsɔmɔ jeŋ nilelɔi, nɔ hee ko kwraa kɛha Yudafoi lɛ. Nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ kome ji Philo ni jɛ Alexandria, ni hi shi yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha Ŋ.B., ni bɔ mɔdɛŋ ni etsɔɔ Yuda jamɔ mli yɛ Hela jeŋ nilee naa, tamɔ nɔ ni oookɛɛ enyɔ lɛ fɛɛ tsɔɔ anɔkwalei kome too lɛ nɔŋŋ lɛ.
19. Te Yudanyo niŋmalɔ ko tsɔɔ be ni Hela kɛ Yudafoi ahiŋmɛigbelemɔ futu lɛ mli ehaa tɛŋŋ?
19 Yɛ be mli ni emuaa saji-ahe-ŋmɛɛmɔ be ni baka Helabii kɛ Yudafoi ahiŋmɛigbelemɔ teŋ nɛɛ naa lɛ, Yudanyo niŋmalɔ, Max Dimont kɛɛ: “Akɛni akɛ Plato susumɔ, Aristotle sane naatsɔɔmɔ, kɛ Euclid jeŋ nilee ewula amɛ hewɔ lɛ, Yudafoi woloŋlelɔi kɛ dɛŋdadei heei tsu Torah lɛ he nii. . . . Amɛtee nɔ amɛkɛ Hela susumɔ fata Yudafoi akpojiemɔ he.” Nibii ni baaba yɛ Roma nɔyeli, ni ŋɔ Hela Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ kɛ agbɛnɛ Yerusalem yɛ afi 63 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ shishi lɛ baagbele gbɛ aha tsakemɔ babaoo po ni sa kadimɔ waa.
Yuda Jamɔ Yɛ Roma Nɔyeli Shishi
20. Mɛɛ shihilɛ mli Yudafoi lɛ yɔɔ yɛ jamɔ gbɛfaŋ yɛ Ŋ.B. klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli?
20 Ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ Beaŋ klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli Yuda jamɔ baje shihilɛ ko ni ekaaa mli. Max Dimont tsɔɔ akɛ eŋmɛ dɛmm kɛ hekɛnɔfɔɔ yɛ “Hela jwɛŋmɔ lɛ kɛ Roma klante lɛ teŋ.” Yudafoi agbɛkpamɔi amli bawa yɛ maŋkwramɔŋ nɔnyɛɛ kɛ Mesia lɛ he gbalɛi lɛ ashishitsɔɔmɔ hewɔ, titri lɛ Daniel nɔ̃ lɛ. Yudafoi lɛ amli egbala amɛfee kui. Farisifoi lɛ maa mla ni akɛ naabu jaje lɛ nɔ mi (kwɛmɔ baafa 221) moŋ fe sɔlemɔwe afɔleshaa. Sadukifoi lɛ maa bɔ ni sɔlemɔwe lɛ kɛ osɔfoyeli he hiaa ha lɛ nɔ mi. Agbɛnɛ Esenebii, kɛ Hiɛdɔlɔi lɛ, kɛ Herodiabii lɛ hu yɛ. Amɛ fɛɛ amɛkɛ amɛhe kpaaa gbee yɛ jamɔ kɛ jeŋ nilee mli. Atsɛɔ Yudafoi ahiɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ akɛ rabifoi (nuŋtsɔmɛi, tsɔɔlɔi), ni yɛ Mla lɛ he nilee ni amɛyɔɔ hewɔ lɛ, amɛbahe gbɛi ni amɛbatsɔmɔ mumɔŋ hiɛnyiɛlɔ hee ko.
21. Mɛɛ saji komɛi ni ba sa Yudafoi ni hi shi yɛ Ŋ.B. klɛŋklɛŋ afii ohai enyɔ lɛ mli lɛ ahe waa?
21 Shi, mligbɛ kɛ sɛɛ gbɛ mligbalamɔ lɛ tee nɔ yɛ Yuda jamɔ mli, titri lɛ yɛ Israel shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ. Yɛ naagbee lɛ, amɛtse atua diɛŋtsɛ amɛshi Roma, ni yɛ afi 70 Ŋ.B. lɛ, Roma asraafoi bawo Yerusalem he ka, amɛfee maŋ lɛ amaŋfɔ, amɛshã esɔlemɔtsu lɛ kwraa kɛmɔ shi, ni amɛgbɛ emlibii lɛ amɛshwa. Yɛ naagbee lɛ, awo akpɔ akɛ Yudafoi lɛ akabote Yerusalem kwraa po. Akɛni amɛbɛ sɔlemɔtsu ko, amɛbɛ shikpɔŋ ko, ni agbɛ emlibii lɛ fɛɛ ashwa Roma Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ mli fɛɛ hewɔ lɛ, jamɔ hee ko kpojiemɔ he miihia Yuda jamɔ lɛ kɛji eeenyɛ ehi shi.
22. (a) Yerusalem sɔlemɔtsu lɛ ni laaje lɛ sa Yuda jamɔ he yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ? (b) Yudafoi lɛ jaa Biblia lɛ mli yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ? (d) Mɛni ji Talmud lɛ, ni te fee tɛŋŋ ni eba hu?
22 Beni akpata sɔlemɔtsu lɛ hiɛ pɛ kɛkɛ ni Sadukifoi lɛ laaje, ni mla ni akɛ naabu jajeɔ, ni Farisifoi lɛ fiɔ sɛɛ lɛ bafee nɔ ni he hiaa fe fɛɛ yɛ Rabifoi a-Yuda jamɔ hee lɛ mli. Akɛ nikasemɔ, kɛ sɔlemɔ ni mli wa babaoo, kɛ jamɔ he nitsumɔi to sɔlemɔwe afɔleshaai kɛ jamɔ he gbɛfaai lɛ anajiaŋ. No hewɔ lɛ, abaanyɛ atsu Yuda jamɔ he nii yɛ he fɛɛ he, yɛ be fɛɛ mli, yɛ hiŋmɛigbelemɔi fɛɛ mli. Rabifoi lɛ bɔi nɛkɛ mla ni akɛ naabu jajeɔ nɛɛ aŋmalamɔ, ni amɛkɛ eshishitsɔɔmɔi ni aŋmala hu fata he, kɛ shishitsɔɔmɔi yɛ shishitsɔɔmɔi ni akɛha momo lɛ ahe, ni abale enɛɛmɛi fɛɛ akɛ Talmud.—Kwɛmɔ baafa 220-1.
23. Mɛni ni amaa nɔ mi tsake yɛ hewalɛ ni Hela susumɔ lɛ ena hewɔ?
23 Mɛni jɛ nibii sɔrɔtoi ni na mɛi anɔ hewalɛ nɛɛ mli ba? Max Dimont kɛɔ yɛ ewolo, Jews, God and History lɛ mli akɛ, eyɛ mli akɛ Farisifoi lɛ tee nɔ amɛhiɛ Yudafoi asusumɔ kɛ jamɔ mli kane lɛ mli moŋ, shi “mɛi ni su kane lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ji Hela jeŋ nilelɔi.” Yɛ be mli ni Talmud lɛ mli saji ni fa wieɔ mla he babaoo lɛ, emli nɔkwɛmɔ nii kɛ emli saji amlitsɔɔmɔi lɛ jieɔ hewalɛ ni Hela jeŋ nilee ena yɛ amɛnɔ lɛ kpo faŋŋ. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, atsɔɔ Hela jamɔ mli tsɔɔmɔi, tamɔ susuma ni gbooo lɛ mli yɛ Yudafoi ashishinumɔ naa. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, yɛ nakai Rabifoi abe hee lɛ mli lɛ, woo ni akɛhaa Talmud lɛ—ni no mli lɛ eji mla naa saji kɛ Hela jeŋ nilee ni akɛfutu lɛ—tee nɔ eda yɛ Yudafoi lɛ amli aahu kɛyashi beni shɛɔ Teŋgbɛ Afii lɛ amli lɛ, Talmud lɛ ebatsɔ nɔ ni Yudafoi lɛ kɛ woo haa no babaoo fe Biblia lɛ diɛŋtsɛ.
Yuda Jamɔ Kɛtsɔ Teŋgbɛ Afii lɛ Amli
24. (a) Mɛɛ kui titrii enyɔ je kpo yɛ Yudafoi lɛ ateŋ yɛ Teŋgbɛ Afii lɛ amli? (b) Amɛna Yuda jamɔ nɔ hewalɛ yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ?
24 Yɛ Teŋgbɛ Afii lɛ amli, (kɛjɛ aaafee afi 500 kɛbashi 1500 Ŋ.B.) lɛ, Yudafoi akui sɔrɔtoi enyɔ baje kpo faŋŋ—Sephardik Yudafoi, ni shwere yɛ Muslim nɔyeli shishi yɛ Spania lɛ, kɛ Ashkenazi Yudafoi ni hi Europa Teŋgbɛ kɛ Bokagbɛ lɛ. Kui enyɔ lɛ fɛɛ na Rabifoi ni ji woloŋlelɔi, ni amɛniŋmaai kɛ susumɔi ji nɔ ni feɔ Yudafoi ajamɔ mli shishitsɔɔmɔi lɛ ashishitoo kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ gbi nɛɛ. Nɔ ni yɔɔ miishɛɛ ji akɛ, kusumii kɛ jamɔ mli nifeemɔi pii ni yaa nɔ ŋmɛnɛ yɛ Yuda jamɔ mli lɛ na amɛshishijee kɛjɛ Teŋgbɛ Afii lɛ amli.—Kwɛmɔ baafa 231.
25. Yɛ naagbee lɛ mɛni Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ fee Yudafoi ni yɔɔ Europa lɛ?
25 Aje shishi abɔi Yudafoi lɛ ashwiemɔ kɛmiijɛ maji sɔrɔtoi amli yɛ afii ohai 12 lɛ mli. Taakɛ Israelnyo niŋmalɔ Abba Eban tsɔɔ mli yɛ ewolo ni ji My People—The Story of the Jews lɛ mli lɛ: “Sane lɛ ji nakai nɔŋŋ yɛ maŋ fɛɛ maŋ . . . ni bajeɔ Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ kome hewalɛ shishi lɛ mli: shibaa, niseniianifeemɔ, gbee, kɛ shwiemɔ ni ehiii kwraa.” Yɛ naagbee lɛ, yɛ 1492 mli lɛ, Spania ni ebaje Katolek nɔyeli shishi ekoŋŋ lɛ hu yanyiɛ nifeemɔ nɛɛ sɛɛ, ni amɛfa ni ashwie Yudafoi fɛɛ kɛjɛ amɛshikpɔŋkuku lɛ mli. No hewɔ lɛ beni shɛɔ afii ohai 15 lɛ naagbee lɛ, no mli lɛ ashwie Yudafoi fɛɛ kɛjɛ nɔ ni miihe ashɛ Europa Anaigbɛ maji fɛɛ mli, ni amɛjo foi kɛtee Europa Bokagbɛ maji amli kɛ agbɛnɛ kɛbɔle Mediteranea lɛ he.
26. (a) Mɛni kɛ hiɛnɔkamɔ ni feɔ yaka ba Yudafoi lɛ ateŋ? (b) Mɛɛ mligbalamɔi wuji je shishi yɛ Yudafoi lɛ ateŋ?
26 Yɛ afii ohai abɔ ni akɛnyɛɔ amɛnɔ ni awaa amɛyi nɛɛ fɛɛ mli lɛ, mɛi pii ni tsɛɔ amɛhe Mesiai te shi yɛ Yudafoi lɛ ateŋ yɛ je lɛŋ hei sɔrɔtoi, ni akpɛlɛɔ amɛ fɛɛ amɛnɔ kɛyashɛɔ he ko, shi nɔ ni jɛɔ mli baa lɛ bafeɔ hiɛnɔkamɔ ni feɔ yaka. Beni shɛɔ afii ohai 17 lɛ mli lɛ, no mli lɛ ehe miihia ni atsu hegbɛi heei ahe nii ni akɛkanya Yudafoi lɛ ni akɛwo amɛ hewalɛ ekoŋŋ ni akɛgbala amɛ kɛjɛ duŋ be nɛɛ mli. Afii ohai 18 lɛ teŋgbɛ mli ni nijiaŋwujee ni Yudafoi lɛ nu he lɛ he hetoo ba. No ji Hasidism (kwɛmɔ baafa 226), ni ji teemɔŋ saji kɛ jamɔ mli mlifilimɔ ni akɛfutu ni ajieɔ lɛ kpo yɛ daa gbi hetuu-kɛhamɔ kɛ nifeemɔ mli. Nɔ ni tamɔɔɔ enɛ lɛ, aaafee nakai be lɛ nɔŋŋ mli ni jeŋ nilelɔ, Moses Mendelssohn, German Yudanyo ko kɛ tsabaa kroko ha, Haskala gbɛ lɛ, aloo shishinumɔ, ni kɛ nɔ ni abuɔ lɛ yɛ yinɔsane mli akɛ “Ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ Beaŋ Yuda Jamɔ” lɛ baaba lɛ.
Kɛjɛ “Emuuyeli” Mli Kɛtee Zion Jamɔ Mli
27. (a) Te fee tɛŋŋ ni Moses Mendelssohn na Yudafoi asusumɔ nɔ hewalɛ lɛ? (b) Mɛni hewɔ Yudafoi pii kpoo Mesia diɛŋtsɛ ni baaba lɛ he hiɛnɔkamɔ lɛ?
27 Taakɛ Moses Mendelssohn (1729-86) tsɔɔ lɛ, abaakpɛlɛ Yudafoi lɛ anɔ kɛji akɛ amɛje kpo kɛjɛ Talmud lɛ naatsii lɛ shishi ni amɛhi shi yɛ Anaigbɛ bii ahiŋmɛigbelemɔ naa. Ebatsɔ Yudafoi ni Jeŋmaji aje lɛ buɔ amɛ waa lɛ ateŋ mɔ kome yɛ egbii lɛ amli. Shi, shitee-kɛ-woo hee ni ba Shembii anɔ yɛ afii ohai 19 lɛ mli, yɛ “Kristofoi amaŋ” ni ji Russia mli titri lɛ ha kuu lɛ sɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ anijiaŋ je wui, ni amɛteŋ mɛi pii kɛ amɛjwɛŋmɔ ma maŋkwramɔŋ abobaahe ko ni amɛaana amɛha Yudafoi lɛ nɔ. Amɛkpoo Mesia ko diɛŋtsɛ ni ji gbɔmɔ ni baaba ni baanyiɛ Yudafoi lɛ ahiɛ kɛya Israel ekoŋŋ lɛ, ni amɛje shishi amɛtsu Yudafoi Amaŋ ni amɛaato amɛma shi kɛtsɔ gbɛ kroko nɔ lɛ he nii. Enɛ bafee Zionism loo Zion jamɔ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ: “Yudafoi a-mesia jamɔ . . . ni batsɔ je lɛ fa,” taakɛ wolo ko ni abuɔ waa tsɛ lɛ lɛ.
28. Mɛɛ saji ni eba yɛ afii ohai 20 lɛ mli esa Yudafoi asubaŋ he?
28 Europa Yudafoi aaafee akpekpei ekpaa ni Nazi bii ha agbe amɛ yɛ nɔ ni atsɛɔ lɛ Holocaust (1935-45) lɛ mli lɛ kɛ naagbee hewalɛwoo ha Zion jamɔ lɛ ni anu he aha amɛ babaoo yɛ jeŋ fɛɛ. Zion-bii alamɔ lɛ ba mli anɔkwale yɛ 1948 beni ato Israel Maŋ lɛ ama shi lɛ, ni enɛ kɛ wɔ baa wɔgbii nɛɛ amli Yuda jamɔ kɛ sanebimɔ nɛɛ he, akɛ, Mɛni ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ Yudafoi heɔ yeɔ?
Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ, Mɔ Kome Ni
29. (a) Kɛ wɔɔtsɔɔ mli kuku lɛ, mɛni ji ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ Yuda jamɔ? (b) Ajieɔ Yudanyo ni mɔ ko ji lɛ kpo yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ? (d) Mɛni ji Yudafoi agbijuji kɛ kusum-nifeemɔi komɛi?
29 Kɛ aaafo lɛ kuku lɛ, Yuda jamɔ ji gbɔmɛi komɛi ajamɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, mɔ ni atsakeɔ lɛ lɛ batsɔɔ gbɔmɛi ni ji Yudafoi lɛ fa kɛ agbɛnɛ Yuda jamɔ lɛ fa. Eji jamɔ ko ni diɔ Nyɔŋmɔ kome sɛɛ yɛ gbɛ ni yɔɔ shiŋŋ nɔ, ni jamɔ lɛ kpɛlɛɔ nɔ akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ ehe woɔ adesa yinɔsane mli, titri lɛ yɛ saji ni kɔɔ Yudafoi lɛ ahe lɛ mli. Nɔ ni fata Yudafoi lɛ ajamɔ he ji daa afi gbijuji kɛ kusum-nifeemɔi sɔrɔtoi. (Kwɛmɔ baafai 230-1.) Eyɛ mli akɛ hemɔkɛyeli jajemɔi kɛ tsɔɔmɔi ni abiii saji yɛ he ni Yudafoi fɛɛ kpɛlɛɔ nɔ bɛ moŋ, shi Nyɔŋmɔ kome ni ajajeɔ atsɔɔ taakɛ ejeɔ kpo yɛ Shema, ni ji sɔlemɔ ko ni damɔ 5 Mose 6:4 (JP) nɔ lɛ feɔ kpeehe lɛ jamɔ lɛ fa titri: “BO TOI, O ISRAEL: NUŊTSƆ WƆ NYƆŊMƆ LƐ, NUŊTSƆ KOME NI.”
30. (a) Te Yudafoi nuɔ Nyɔŋmɔ shishi amɛhaa tɛŋŋ? (b) Bɔ ni Yudafoi susuɔ Nyɔŋmɔ he amɛhaa lɛ kɛ Kristendom nɔ kpaaa gbee yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ?
30 Akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ kome ni aheɔ ayeɔ nɛɛ ha Kristojamɔ kɛ Islām jamɔ. Taakɛ Dr. J. H. Hertz, ni ji rabi lɛ kɛɛ lɛ: “Nɛkɛ nyɔŋmɔ kome pɛ jamɔ jajemɔ ni yɔɔ naakpɛɛ nɛɛ ji ta ni ajajeɔ ashiɔ nyɔŋmɔi pii ajamɔ lɛ fɛɛ . . . Yɛ nakai gbɛ nɔ nɔŋŋ lɛ, Shema lɛ jieɔ triniti lɛ ni ji Kristofoi ahemɔkɛyeli jajemɔ lɛ kɛjɛɔ mli akɛ nɔ ni teɔ shi woɔ Mɔ Kome ni Nyɔŋmɔ Ji Lɛ.”f Shi agbɛnɛ nyɛhaa wɔtsɔa wɔhe kɛyaa Yudafoi atsɔɔmɔ ni kɔɔ gbele sɛɛ shihilɛ he sane lɛ he wɔkwɛa.
Gbele, Susuma, kɛ Gbohiiashitee
31. (a) Te fee tɛŋŋ ni susuma ni gbooo he tsɔɔmɔ lɛ bote Yudafoi atsɔɔmɔ mli? (b) Mɛɛ tsɔɔmɔ he ŋwanejee susuma ni gbooo he tsɔɔmɔ lɛ kɛba?
31 Ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ Yuda jamɔ shishijee hemɔkɛyelii lɛ ateŋ ekome ji akɛ gbɔmɔ yɛ susuma ni gbooo ni hiɔ wala mli yɛ gbɔmɔtso lɛ gbele sɛɛ. Shi ani enɛ jɛ Biblia lɛ mli? Encyclopaedia Judaica lɛ kpɛlɛɔ nɔ faŋŋ akɛ: “Eeenyɛ eba akɛ hewalɛ ni Hela tsɔɔmɔ lɛ ena lɛ nɔ tsɔ ni susuma ni gbooo tsɔɔmɔ lɛ ba Yuda jamɔ mli.” Shi ekɛ tsɔɔmɔ he ŋwanejee ba, taakɛ wolo nɛɛ nɔŋŋ jaje lɛ: “Kɛjɛ shishijee lɛ, tsɔɔmɔi enyɔ ni ji gbohiiashitee kɛ susuma ni gbooo lɛ teɔ shi woɔ amɛhe. Ekome wieɔ shitee ni baaba kutuu yɛ gbii lɛ anaagbee mli lɛ he, ni ji akɛ, gbohii ni wɔɔ yɛ su mli lɛ baate shi kɛjɛ gbonyo bu mli, yɛ be mli ni ekroko lɛ wieɔ shihilɛ ni susuma lɛ baa mli yɛ gbɔmɔtso lɛ gbele sɛɛ lɛ he.” Te fee tɛŋŋ ni atsu ŋwanejee nɛɛ he nii yɛ Yudafoi anyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nikasemɔ mli? “Asusu akɛ kɛ mɔ aŋkro lɛ gbo lɛ, esusuma lɛ yaa nɔ ehiɔ shi lolo yɛ shihilɛ he ko mli (enɛ kɛ ŋwɛi kɛ hɛl he hemɔkɛyelii lɛ fɛɛ ba) yɛ be mli ni egbɔmɔtso lɛ kaa gbonyo bu mli ni eemɛ be mli ni aaatee mɛi fɛɛ ni egboi yɛ shikpɔŋ nɛɛ nɔ lɛ ashi yɛ gbɔmɔtsoŋ lɛ.”
32. Mɛni Biblia lɛ kɛɔ yɛ gbohii lɛ ahe?
32 University tsɔɔlɔ, Arthur Hertzberg ŋma akɛ: “Yɛ [Hebri] Biblia lɛ diɛŋtsɛ mli lɛ, he ni gbɔmɔ hiɔ yɛ shihilɛ mli ji je nɛɛ mli. Ŋwɛi kɛ hɛl he tsɔɔmɔ ko bɛ, nɔ pɛ ni yɔɔ ji jwɛŋmɔ loo hemɔkɛyeli ni daa kɛyaa hiɛ akɛ yɛ naagbee lɛ gbohii lɛ ashitee baaba yɛ gbii lɛ anaagbee mli.” No ji Biblia mli tsɔɔmɔ ni mli ka shi faŋŋ ni ja, akɛ, “shi gbohii lɛ, amɛleee nɔ ko nɔ ko . . . Ejaakɛ nitsumɔ loo yiŋshwiemɔ loo nilee loo ŋaa ko bɛ gbohiiaje [Sheol, adesai akwamaŋ gbonyo bu], he ni oyaa lɛ.”—Jajelɔ 9:5, 10; Daniel 12:1, 2; Yesaia 26:19.
33. Kɛjɛ shishijee lɛ, te Yudafoi lɛ susuɔ gbohiiashitee he tsɔɔmɔ lɛ he amɛhaa tɛŋŋ?
33 Taakɛ Encyclopaedia Judaica lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ, “Yɛ rabifoi lɛ abe lɛ mli lɛ, abuɔ gbohii lɛ ashitee he tsɔɔmɔ lɛ akɛ Yuda jamɔ mli tsɔɔmɔi titrii lɛ ateŋ ekome” ni “esa akɛ aha enɛ afee sɔrɔto yɛ hemɔkɛyeli ni ayɔɔ yɛ . . . susuma ni gbooo lɛ mli lɛ he.”g Shi yɛ ŋmɛnɛ lɛ, yɛ be mli ni Yuda jamɔ mli kui lɛ fɛɛ kpɛlɛɔ susuma ni gbooo lɛ nɔ lɛ, jeee nakai gbohii lɛ ashitee lɛ ji.
34. Nɔ ni kɛ Biblia lɛ kpaaa gbee lɛ, te Talmud lɛ wieɔ susuma lɛ he ehaa tɛŋŋ? Mɛni sɛɛ mli niŋmalɔi wieɔ?
34 Nɔ ni tamɔɔɔ Biblia lɛ, Talmud lɛ, ni Helabii ashihilɛ ena enɔ hewalɛ lɛ mli eyi obɔ kɛ saji amlitsɔɔmɔi kɛ adesãi kɛ bɔ ni susuma ni gbooo lɛ ji lɛ po mlitsɔɔmɔ. Yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ, Yudafoi awolo ko ni wieɔ teemɔŋ saji ahe, Kabbala lɛ, yaa shɔŋŋ po akɛ etsɔɔ fɔmɔ ekoŋŋ (susuma ni faa kɛyaa nɔ kroko mli), ni eji blema Hindu tsɔɔmɔ yɛ faŋŋ mli lɛ mli. (Kwɛmɔ Yitso 5.) Akpɛlɛɔ enɛ nɔ yɛ hei pii akɛ Yudafoi atsɔɔmɔ, yɛ Israel ŋmɛnɛ, ni eyɛ gbɛhe ko ni he hiaa yɛ Hasidic hemɔkɛyeli kɛ woji amli. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, Martin Buber kɛ adesã ko ni kɔɔ susuma ko ni jɛ Elimelekh, ni ji rabi ko ni jɛ Lizhensk lɛ nikasemɔ he lɛ fata ewolo ni ji, Tales of the Hasidim—The Later Masters lɛ he: “Yɛ Kpatamɔ Gbi lɛ nɔ lɛ, beni Rabbi Abraham Yehoshua tiɔ Avodah lɛ, ni ji sɔlemɔ ni tiɔ osɔfonukpa lɛ sɔɔmɔ yɛ Yerusalem Sɔlemɔwe lɛ mli ekɛɔ lɛ, kɛ ebashɛ sane ni ji: ‘Ni nɛkɛ ji bɔ ni ewie,’ lɛ nɔ lɛ, ekɛŋ nakai wiemɔi lɛ, shi ebaakɛɛ: ‘Ni nɛkɛ ji bɔ ni miwie.’ Ejaakɛ ehiɛ kpako be mli ni esusuma yɔɔ Yerusalem osɔfonukpa lɛ gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli lɛ nɔ.”
35. (a) Mɛɛ shidaamɔ Yuda jamɔ Tsakemɔ lɛ ekɔ yɛ susuma ni gbooo he tsɔɔmɔ lɛ he? (b) Mɛni ji Biblia tsɔɔmɔ ni mli ka shi faŋŋ yɛ susuma lɛ he?
35 Yuda jamɔ ni atsake lɛ lɛ etee nɔ aahu akɛ ekpoo gbohiiashitee lɛ mli hemɔkɛyeli lɛ. Akɛni ejie wiemɔ lɛ kɛjɛ Tsakemɔ lɛ sɔlemɔ woji amli hewɔ lɛ, nɔ ni eyɔseɔ pɛ ji susuma ni gbooo lɛ mli hemɔkɛyeli lɛ. Kwɛ bɔ ni Biblia mli jwɛŋmɔ ni atsɔɔ yɛ 1 Mose 2:7 lɛ mli ka shi faŋŋ moŋ ha: “Ni NUŊTSƆ Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ kɛ shikpɔŋ su shɔ gbɔmɔ, ni emu wala mumɔ ewo egugɔ mli; ni gbɔmɔ tsɔ wala susuma.” (JP) Gbɔmɔtso lɛ kɛ mumɔ, loo wala hewalɛ ni akɛfee nɔ kome lɛ feɔ “wala susuma.”h (1 Mose 2:7; 7:22; Lala 146:4) Nakai nɔŋŋ hu kɛ gbɔmɔ ni ji eshafeelɔ lɛ gbo lɛ, esusuma lɛ hu gboɔ. (Ezekiel 18:4, 20) No hewɔ lɛ, kɛ gbɔmɔ gbo lɛ, ebɛ shihilɛ mli dɔŋŋ. Ewala hewalɛ lɛ kuɔ esɛɛ kɛyaa Nyɔŋmɔ ni ŋɔha lɛ ŋɔɔ. (Jajelɔ 3:19; 9:5, 10; 12:7) Biblia mli anɔkwa hiɛnɔkamɔ kɛha gbohii lɛ ji gbohiiashitee—Hebri: techi·yathʹ ham·me·thimʹ, aloo “gbohii lɛ ni akɛ amɛ baa wala mli ekoŋŋ.”
36, 37. Mɛni Hebri anɔkwafoi ni hi shi yɛ Biblia bei amli lɛ he ye yɛ wɔsɛɛ be mli wala he?
36 Yɛ be mli ni sane naamuu nɛɛ baaha Yudafoi pii anaa akpɛ amɛhe lɛ, gbohiiashitee lɛ efee anɔkwa Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ jalɔi lɛ ahiɛnɔkamɔ diɛŋtsɛ afii akpei abɔ. Aaafee afii 3,500 ni eho nɛ lɛ, anɔkwafo Hiob ni naa amanehulu lɛ wie wɔsɛɛ be mli ni Nyɔŋmɔ baatee lɛ shi kɛjɛ Sheol, loo gbonyo bu mli lɛ he. (Hiob 14:14, 15) Ama nɔ mi aha gbalɔ Daniel hu akɛ abaatee lɛ shi “yɛ gbii lɛ anaagbee mli.”—Daniel 12:2, 12 (13, JP; NW; Ga Biblia).
37 Nɔ ko bɛ Ŋmalɛ mli ni aaadamɔ nɔ akɛɛ akɛ nakai Hebri anɔkwafoi lɛ he ye akɛ amɛyɛ susuma ni gbooo ni baahi wala mli yɛ gbele sɛɛ. Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ amɛyɛ nɔ ni amɛaadamɔ nɔ amɛhe amɛye akɛ Nuŋtsɔ Maŋtsɛ lɛ, ni kaneɔ ni ekudɔɔ jeŋ muu fɛɛ ŋulamii lɛ, baakai amɛ hu yɛ gbohiiashitee be lɛ mli. Amɛye lɛ kɛ egbɛi lɛ anɔkwale. Ebaaye amɛ anɔkwale.—Lala 18:26 (25, NW); 147:4; Yesaia 25:7, 8; 40:25, 26.
Yuda Jamɔ kɛ Nyɔŋmɔ Gbɛi
38. (a) Mɛni eba yɛ afii ohai abɔ lɛ mli yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi lɛ kɛ nitsumɔ he? (b) Mɛni ji nɔdaamɔ nɔ kɛha Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi lɛ?
38 Yuda jamɔ tsɔɔ akɛ eyɛ mli akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi yɛ akɛ nɔ ni aŋma moŋ, shi kɛlɛ eyɛ krɔŋkrɔŋ tsɔ kɛha etsɛmɔ.i Nɔ ni ejɛ mli eba ji akɛ, alaaje bɔ ni atsɛɔ lɛ ni egbɛɔ lɛ, fe afii 2,000 ni eho nɛ. Kɛlɛ, enɛ efeko Yudafoi ashidaamɔ yɛ be fɛɛ mli. Aaafee afii 3,500 ni eho nɛ lɛ, Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ Mose wie, ni ekɛɛ: “Bɔ ni okɛɛ Israelbii lɛ nɛ: NUŊTSƆ lɛ [Hebri: יהוה, YHWH], nyɛtsɛmɛi a-Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ, Abraham Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ, Isak Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ, kɛ Yakob Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ tsu mi nyɛŋɔɔ nɛɛ: Enɛ baafee Mi-gbɛi kɛmiiya naanɔ, Mi-sabala kɛmiiya yinɔi fɛɛ nɔ.” (2 Mose 3:15; Lala 135:13) Mɛni ji nakai gbɛi kɛ sabala lɛ? Tanakh lɛ shishigbɛ niŋmaa lɛ kɛɔ akɛ: “Gbɛi YHWH (ni yɛ blema saji anaa lɛ akaneɔ akɛ Adonai “NUŊTSƆ lɛ”) kɔɔ eshishifa ni ji hayah ‘mafee’ he yɛ biɛ.” No hewɔ lɛ, wɔyɛ Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ, Tetragrammaton lɛ, Hebri niŋmaa okadii ejwɛ ni egbɛɛɛ YHWH (Yahweh) ní yɛ amɛ Latin su mli lɛ abale yɛ afii ohai abɔ lɛ amli yɛ Ŋleshi blɔfo wiemɔ mli akɛ JEHOVAH lɛ.
39. (a) Mɛni hewɔ gbɛi krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ he hiaa lɛ? (b) Mɛni hewɔ Yudafoi kpa gbɛi krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ tsɛmɔ loo etatsii lɛ?
39 Yudafoi lɛ etsɔɔ bɔ ni Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi diɛŋtsɛ he hiaa waa ha lɛ yɛ yinɔsane be fɛɛ mli, eyɛ mli akɛ ekɛ nitsumɔ nɔ mi ni aaama lɛ etsake waa kɛjɛ blema bei amli. Taakɛ Dr. A. Cohen tsɔɔ yɛ Everyman’s Talmud lɛ mli lɛ: “Akɛ woo krɛdɛɛ kpɛtɛ Nyɔŋmɔ ‘Gbɛi ni yɔɔ sɔrɔto’ (Shem Hamephorash), ni E-jie lɛ kpo etsɔɔ Israelbii lɛ ni ji, tetragrammaton lɛ, JHVH lɛ he.” Akɛ woo haa gbɛi krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ ejaakɛ edamɔ shi kɛha Nyɔŋmɔ diɛŋtsɛ ni ejieɔ esui diɛŋtsɛ lɛ kpo etsɔɔ. Yɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, Nyɔŋmɔ diɛŋtsɛ ji mɔ ni tsi egbɛi lɛ ta ni ekɛɛ ejalɔi lɛ ni amɛkɛtsu nii. Gbɛi nɛɛ ni pueɔ shii 6,828 yɛ Hebri Biblia lɛ mli lɛ maa enɛ nɔ mi. Shi Yudafoi ni amɛtu amɛhe amɛha lɛ nuɔ he akɛ etsɔɔɔ bulɛ akɛ aaatsi Nyɔŋmɔ diɛŋtsɛ gbɛi lɛ ta.j
40. Mɛni Yudafoi woloŋlelɔi komɛi ewie yɛ gbɛi krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ kɛ nitsumɔ he?
40 Yɛ blema rabifoi (jeee Biblia) lɛ ni tsi gbɛi lɛ ni aaatsɛ lɛ naa lɛ he lɛ, A. Marmorstein, ni eji rabi lɛ ŋma yɛ ewolo, The Old Rabbinic Doctrine of God lɛ mli akɛ: “Be ko yɛ ni aleee naatsii nɛɛ [gbɛi krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ kɛ nitsumɔ] kwraa yɛ Yudafoi lɛ ateŋ . . . Yudafoi lɛ leee ni amɛbɛ mla ko ni tsiɔ Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi, Tetragrammaton lɛ kɛ nitsumɔ naa yɛ amɛ daa gbi sanegbaa loo ŋamɔi amli yɛ Mizraim loo yɛ Babilonia. Ni kɛlɛ, kɛjɛ afii ohai etɛ D.Ŋ.B. lɛ mli aahu kɛbashi afii ohai etɛ Ŋ.B. lɛ, naatsii ni tamɔ nɛkɛ hi shi, ni mɛi komɛi yeɔ nɔ.” Jeee akɛ aŋmɛ gbɛ koni akɛ gbɛi lɛ atsu nii yɛ mra bei lɛ amli kɛkɛ, shi taakɛ Dr. Cohen kɛɔ lɛ: “Be shɛ ni awo hewalɛ koni gbɔmɛi foji lɛ po kɛ Gbɛi lɛ atsu nii yɛ faŋŋ mli yɛ heyeli mli . . . Atsɔɔ akɛ nɔ ni ajie yi akɛ afee nɛɛ damɔ bɔ ni ashweɔ akɛ aha Israelbii lɛ afee sɔrɔto yɛ [mɛi ni jeee Yudafoi] lɛ ahe lɛ nɔ.”
41. Taakɛ rabi ko kɛɛ lɛ, mɛɛ hewalɛi kɛ Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi lɛ kɛ nitsumɔ ni atsi naa lɛ ba?
41 Belɛ, mɛni kɛ gbɛi krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ kɛ nitsumɔ naatsii lɛ ba? Dr. Marmorstein haa hetoo akɛ: “Shitee-kɛ-woo ni Helenbii [Helabii ahewalɛ] lɛ kɛba Yudafoi lɛ ajamɔ nɔ, kɛ osɔfoi lɛ kɛ abladei lɛ ahemɔkɛyeli kwamɔ lɛ kɛ mla ba akɛ akatsi Tetragrammaton lɛ ta yɛ He Krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ [Yerusalem sɔlemɔtsu lɛ mli], ni mla lɛ bahe shi.” Yɛ ekaa ni tekeɔ nɔ ni amɛfeɔ koni akahiɛ gbɛi krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ mli yaka lɛ hewɔ lɛ, amɛba ekɛ nitsumɔ yɛ wiemɔ mli lɛ shi kwraa, ni amɛfite hegbɛ ni aaaha ayoo anɔkwa Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ. Yudafoi lɛ kpa gbɛi krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ kɛ nitsumɔ kwraa yɛ nɔnyɛɛ ni jamɔ mli shitee-kɛ-woo kɛ hemɔkɛyeli kwamɔ ni efee ekome lɛ kɛba amɛnɔ lɛ hewɔ.
42. Mɛni Biblia mli saji ni aŋmala ashwie shi lɛ tsɔɔ yɛ gbɛi krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ kɛ nitsumɔ he?
42 Shi, taakɛ Dr. Cohen jaje lɛ: “Etamɔ nɔ ni jwɛŋmɔŋ naagba ko bɛ ni teɔ shi woɔ [gbɛi krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ] kɛ nitsumɔ yɛ daa gbi wiemɔ mli yɛ Biblia bei lɛ amli.” Blematsɛ Abraham “tsɛ NUŊTSƆ lɛ gbɛi.” (1 Mose 12:8) Mɛi ni ŋmala Hebri Biblia lɛ ateŋ mɛi pii kɛ gbɛi lɛ tsu nii yɛ heyeli kɛ bulɛ mli aahu kɛbashi be mli ni aŋma Maleaki yɛ afii ohai enumɔ D.Ŋ.B. lɛ mli.—Rut 1:8, 9, 17.
43. (a) Mɛni jeɔ kpo faŋŋ yɛ bɔ ni Yudafoi lɛ kɛ gbɛi krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ tsu nii amɛha lɛ he? (b) Mɛni ji nɔ kome ni jɛ gbɛi krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ ni Yudafoi lɛ kpa kɛ nitsumɔ lɛ mli ba?
43 Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ blema Hebribii lɛ kɛ gbɛi krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ tsu nii ni amɛtsi ta hu. Marmorstein kpɛlɛɔ sane ko nɔ yɛ tsakemɔ ni ba yɛ sɛɛ mli nɛɛ he akɛ: “Ejaakɛ nɛkɛ be nɛɛ mli, afii ohai etɛ [D.Ŋ.B.] lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ fa lɛ mli, akadi tsakemɔ kpele yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi lɛ kɛ nitsumɔ mli, ni enɛ kɛ tsakemɔi babaoo ba yɛ Yudafoi anyɔŋmɔ jamɔ he nikasemɔ kɛ jeŋ nilee ni akɛhaa lɛ mli, ni anuɔ hewalɛ ni ena yɛ mɛi anɔ lɛ he kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ gbi nɛɛ.” Nibii ni jɛ gbɛi lɛ ni laaje lɛ mli ba lɛ ateŋ ekome ji akɛ, Nyɔŋmɔ ni aleee egbɛi he susumɔ ko ye ebua ni ana nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nikasemɔ ni he eba fɔlɔ loo gbɛ ebakã he, ni atsɔ mli akɛ Kristendom Triniti lɛ ba yɛ gbɛ ni waaa nɔ.k—2 Mose 15:1-3.
44. Mɛni nibii krokomɛi ba yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi lɛ ni aba lɛ shi lɛ hewɔ?
44 Gbɛi krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ ni aaakpoo ekɛ nitsumɔ lɛ haa anɔkwa Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ jamɔ nɔ gbɔɔ. Taakɛ saji ahe wielɔ ko kɛɛ lɛ: “Nɔ ni yɔɔ mɔbɔ ji akɛ, kɛ awie Nyɔŋmɔ he akɛ ‘Nuŋtsɔ lɛ,’ eyɛ mli akɛ wiemɔ kuku lɛ ja moŋ, shi eyɛ wuruduu ni ebɛ fɛo . . . Ehe miihia ni akai akɛ, kɛ atsɔɔ YHWH loo Adonay lɛ shishi akɛ ‘Nuŋtsɔ lɛ,’ belɛ mɔ lɛ kɛ wiemɔ ko ni ji susumɔ ko kɛkɛ, nii ni afeɔ ni shishinumɔ bɛ he kɛ nii ni kɔɔɔ nɔ ko pɔtɛɛ he ni shishijee ŋmalɛ lɛ leee miiwo Kpaŋmɔ Hee lɛ mli niŋmaai kukuji babaoo mli.” (The Knowledge of God In Ancient Israel) Kwɛ awerɛho ni eji akɛ aaana gbɛi Yahweh, loo Yehowa, ni nɔ kwɔ, ni sa woo fe fɛɛ lɛ akɛ elaaje kɛjɛ Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔi babaoo mli, yɛ be mli ni ejeɔ kpo faŋŋ shii akpei abɔ yɛ shishijee Hebri ŋmalɛ lɛ mli lɛ!—Yesaia 43:10-12.
Ani Yudafoi Miimɛ Mesia lɛ Lolo?
45. Mɛɛ Biblia mli nɔdaamɔ nɔ yɔɔ ni akɛaana hemɔkɛyeli yɛ Mesia ko mli?
45 Gbalɛi pii yɛ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli ni Yudafoi lɛ na amɛ Mesia he hiɛnɔkamɔ lɛ kɛjɛ mli fe afii 2,000 ni eho nɛ. Samuel Wolo ni ji Enyɔ 7:11-16 tsɔɔ akɛ Mesia lɛ baafee mɔ ni jɛ David weku mli. Yesaia 11:1-10 gba akɛ ekɛ jalɛnifeemɔ kɛ toiŋjɔlɛ baaba abaha adesai fɛɛ. Daniel 9:24-27 kɛ be ni Mesia lɛ baapue kɛ be ni abaafo lɛ ashɛ afɔ yɛ gbele mli lɛ ha.
46, 47. (a) Mɛɛ Mesia nɛkɛ Yudafoi ni yɔɔ Roma nɔyeli shishi lɛ kpaa lɛ gbɛ? (b) Mɛɛ tsakemɔ eba yɛ Yudafoi agbɛkpamɔi amli yɛ Mesia lɛ he?
46 Taakɛ Encyclopaedia Judaica lɛ tsɔɔ mli lɛ, Mesia lɛ gbɛkpamɔ lɛ mli bawa waa yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli. Aakpa Mesia lɛ gbɛ akɛ ebaafee “gbɔmɔ ko ni kanyaa mɔ henumɔ ni ji David seshinyo ni Yudafoi ni yɔɔ Roma be lɛ mli lɛ heɔ yeɔ akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ baatee lɛ shi ni ekumɔ wɔŋjalɔi lɛ akɔŋtso lɛ ni eye Israel maŋtsɛyeli ni ato ama shi ekoŋŋ lɛ nɔ maŋtsɛ.” Shi, Mesia ni sumɔɔ tawuu ni Yudafoi lɛ kpaa lɛ gbɛ lɛ baaa.
47 Ni kɛlɛ, taakɛ The New Encyclopædia Britannica lɛ yɔse lɛ, Mesia he hiɛnɔkamɔ lɛ he bahia waa yɛ Yudafoi lɛ ni eeefee amɛ ekome yɛ kaai babaoo ni amɛtsɔ mli lɛ mli: “Ŋwanejee ko kwraa bɛ he akɛ Yuda jamɔ tee nɔ ehi shi, yɛ be kakadaŋŋ mli, yɛ hemɔkɛyeli ni ma shi shiŋŋ ni eyɔɔ yɛ mesia shiwoo lɛ kɛ wɔsɛɛ be mli lɛ hewɔ.” Shi beni ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ Yuda jamɔ te shi yɛ afii ohai 18 kɛ 19 lɛ teŋ lɛ, kɛkɛ ni Yudafoi pii ŋmɛɛ mɛ ni amɛmɛɔ Mesia lɛ he. Yɛ naagbee lɛ, akɛni Nazibii lɛ kanya mɛi, ni agbe amɛ babaoo hewɔ lɛ, amɛteŋ mɛi pii laaje amɛtsuishitoo kɛ hiɛnɔkamɔ lɛ. Amɛje shishi amɛsusu Mesia lɛ he sane lɛ he akɛ naagba loo sɔ̃, ni yɛ enɛ hewɔ lɛ amɛku sɛɛ amɛtsɔɔ shishi akɛ toiŋjɔlɛ kɛ shweremɔ yinɔ hee ko kɛkɛ. Kɛjɛ nakai be lɛ mli kɛbaa nɛɛ, eyɛ mli akɛ abaanyɛ ajie fioo ko yɛ mli moŋ, shi akɛ maŋ muu lɛ, anyɛŋ akɛɛ dɔŋŋ akɛ Yudafoi miimɛ Mesia ko ni ji gbɔmɔ ni baaba.
48. Mɛɛ saji abaanyɛ atee amɛ shi yɛ gbɛ ni ja nɔ yɛ Yuda jamɔ he?
48 Nɛkɛ tsakemɔ kɛmiiya jamɔ ni Mesia bɛ mli he nɛɛ teeɔ sanebimɔi ni hiɛdɔɔ yɔɔ mli ashi. Ani Yuda jamɔ ejaaa yɛ afii akpei abɔ ni ekɛhe eye akɛ Mesia lɛ baafee gbɔmɔ diɛŋtsɛ ko lɛ mli? Mɛɛ Yuda jamɔ nɛkɛ baaye abua mɔ yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ sɛɛ gbɛ taomɔ lɛ mli? Ani no ji blema Yuda jamɔ ni akɛ Hela jeŋ nilee ewula lɛ lɛ? Aloo eji Yuda jamɔi sɔrɔtoi ni Mesia ko bɛ mli ni ba yɛ afii 200 ni eho lɛ mli lɛ ateŋ eko? Aloo gbɛ kroko ko yɛ kɛ̃ ni baa Mesia he hiɛnɔkamɔ lɛ yi yɛ anɔkwayeli mli yɛ gbɛ ni ja nɔ?
49. Mɛɛ nine afɔɔ Yudafoi anɔkwafoi lɛ?
49 Beni nɛkɛ sanebimɔi nɛɛ yɔɔ jwɛŋmɔ mli lɛ, wɔmiiwo ŋaa ni Yudafoi anɔkwafoi lɛ aku sɛɛ atao Mesia lɛ he sane lɛ mli ekoŋŋ kɛtsɔ nɔ ni akɛɔ yɛ Yesu ni jɛ Nazaret lɛ he lɛ mlipɛimɔ nɔ, jeee yɛ gbɛ ni Kristendom etsɔɔ akɛ eji lɛ nɔ, shi taakɛ Yudafoi aniŋmalalɔi ni ŋma Hela Ŋmalɛi lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ eji lɛ nɔ. Sɔrɔto-feemɔ agbo yɛ mli. Kristendom fata he ni Yudafoi lɛ kpoo Yesu kɛtsɔ amɛ Triniti tsɔɔmɔ ni bɛ Biblia lɛ mli, ni Yudanyo fɛɛ Yudanyo ni sumɔɔ tsɔɔmɔ krɔŋŋ akɛ “NUŊTSƆ WƆ NYƆŊMƆ LƐ, NUŊTSƆ KOME NI” lɛ, ekpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ kwraa lɛ nɔ. (5 Mose 6:4, JP) No hewɔ lɛ, wɔmiifɔ bo nine ni okɛ jwɛŋmɔ ni mli ka shi faŋŋ akane yitso ni nyiɛ sɛɛ lɛ bɔni afee ni onyɛ ole Yesu ni yɔɔ Hela Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli lɛ.
[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]
a Okɛto 1 Mose 5:22-24, New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures—With References, shishigbɛ niŋmaa ni ji enyɔ yɛ kuku 22 he lɛ he.
b Kɛ atsɔɔɔ lɛ, belɛ ŋmalɛi ni atsɛ yɛ yitso nɛɛ mli lɛ fɛɛ jɛ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ (1985) Tanakh, A New Translation of the Holy Scriptures, ni The Jewish Publication Society lɛ mli woloŋlelɔi fee lɛ mli.
c Be-buu ni akɛha yɛ biɛ lɛ damɔ Biblia mli ŋmalɛ lɛ nɔ akɛ ehewalɛ. (Kwɛmɔ wolo, “All Scripture Is Inspired of God and Beneficial,” ni Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of N.Y., Inc. fee lɛ Nikasemɔ 3, “Measuring Events in the Stream of Time.”)
d Klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli Yudanyo yinɔsane ŋmalɔ Yoseph ben Mattityahu (Flavius Josephus) gba akɛ beni Alexander shɛ Yerusalem lɛ, Yudafoi lɛ gbele agboi lɛ amɛha lɛ ni amɛtsɔɔ lɛ gbalɛ lɛ kɛjɛ Daniel wolo ni aŋma kɛtsɔ hiɛ nɔ ni fe afii 200 lɛ ni tsɔɔ Alexander kunimyelii akɛ ‘Hela Maŋtsɛ’ lɛ mli lɛ.—Jewish Antiquities, Book XI, Chapter VIII 5; Daniel 8:5-8, 21.
e Yɛ Makabiifoi (Hasmonaeabii, kɛjɛ 165 kɛbashi 63 D.Ŋ.B.) lɛ abeaŋ lɛ, Yudafoi ahiɛnyiɛlɔi tamɔ John Hyrcanus po tsɔ kunimyeli nɔ enyɛ mɛi pii anɔ kɛba Yuda jamɔ mli. Eji miishɛɛ sane akɛ aaakɛɛ akɛ gbɔmɛi ni yɔɔ Ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ Beaŋ lɛ shishijee yɛ Mediteranea je lɛ mli lɛ ayifalɛ mli oha fɛɛ mli 10 ji Yudafoi. Yibɔ nɛɛ tsɔɔ hewalɛ ni tsakemɔ kɛmiiba Yuda jamɔ mli lɛ na yɛ mɛi anɔ.
f Taakɛ The New Encyclopædia Britannica lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ: “Kristojamɔ mli triniti hemɔkɛyeli jajemɔ lɛ . . . haa esoroɔ lɛ kwraa yɛ jamɔi krokomɛi [Yuda jamɔ kɛ Islām] ni diɔ nyɔŋmɔ kome jamɔ sɛɛ lɛ he.” Sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ Triniti lɛ ba, eyɛ mli akɛ “nɔ ko bɛ Kristofoi a-Biblia lɛ mli ni wieɔ Nyɔŋmɔ he akɛ eji triniti diɛŋtsɛ.”
g Kɛfata hewalɛ ni jɛ Biblia lɛ mli lɛ he lɛ, atsɔɔ enɛ akɛ hemɔkɛyeli sane yɛ Mishnah (Sanhedrin 10:1) lɛ mli, ni akɛfata he akɛ Maimonides hemɔkɛyeli shishitoo mlai 13 lɛ mli naagbee nɔ̃. Abuɔ gbohiiashitee lɛ kwamɔ akɛ musubɔɔ aahu kɛbashi afii ohai 20 lɛ mli.
h “Biblia lɛ ekɛɛɛ akɛ wɔyɛ susuma. ‘Nefesh’ ji gbɔmɔ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ, bɔ ni niyenii he hiaa lɛ, la diɛŋtsɛ ni yɔɔ efaji amli lɛ, wala mli ni eyɔɔ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ.”—Dr. H. M. Orlinsky ni jɛ Hebrew Union College.
i Kwɛmɔ 2 Mose 6:3, he ni Hebri Tetragrammaton lɛ jeɔ kpo yɛ Tanakh Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ mli, yɛ Ŋleshi blɔfo niŋmaai amli lɛ.
j Encyclopaedia Judaica lɛ kɛɔ akɛ: “Kpa ni akpa gbɛi YHWH lɛ tsɛmɔ loo etatsii lɛ . . . jɛ Kita ni ji Etɛ (2 Mose 20:7; 5 Mose 5:11) ni anuuu shishi lɛ ni akɛɛ eshishi ji ‘Kaahiɛ YHWH o-Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ gbɛi lɛ mli yaka,’ yɛ be mli ni eshishinumɔ diɛŋtsɛ ji ‘Okɛ YHWH o-Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ gbɛi akakã amale kita’ lɛ.”
k George Howard, ni ji jamɔ kɛ Hebri he nilelɔ ni yɔɔ University of Georgia lɛ kɛɛ: “Beni be shwieɔ mli lɛ, akɛ nɛkɛ mɛi enyɔ nɛɛ [Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ Kristo] ba ekomefeemɔ ni bɛŋkɛ kpaakpa mli aahu kɛyashi be mli ni agbɛnɛ anyɛɛɛ ale sɔrɔto-feemɔ ni ka amɛteŋ lɛ po. No hewɔ lɛ eeenyɛ eba akɛ Tetragrammaton lɛ ni ajie kɛtee lɛ ye ebua ni sɛɛ mli Kristo tsɔɔmɔ kɛ Triniti tsɔɔmɔ he ŋwanejeei ni hao klɛŋklɛŋ afii ohai lɛ amli sɔlemɔ lɛ babaoo lɛ ba. Bɔ fɛɛ bɔ ni sane lɛ ji lɛ, eeenyɛ eba akɛ Tetragrammaton lɛ ni ajie lɛ kɛ nyɔŋmɔjamɔ tsɔɔmɔ kroko ni esoro no yɛ nɔ ni yɔɔ Kpaŋmɔ Hee be lɛ mli yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli lɛ he lɛ ba.”—Biblical Archaeology Review, March 1978.
[Wiemɔ ni akɔ ni akɛmiitsu nii ni yɔɔ baafa 217]
Sephardic kɛ Ashkenazi Yudafoi lɛ bafee kui enyɔ
[Akrabatsa/Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 211]
Kitai Nyɔŋma Kɛha Jamɔ kɛ Jeŋba
Gbɔmɛi akpekpei abɔ enu Kitai Nyɔŋma lɛ he, shi mɛi fioo ko pɛ ekane enɛ pɛŋ. No hewɔ lɛ wɔmiiŋma emli wiemɔi titrii lɛ yɛ biɛ.
▪ “Kaana nyɔŋmɔi krokomɛi yɛ Mi-sɛɛ.
▪ “Kaafee amaga ko ni ashɔ oha ohe, aloo nɔ ko ni tamɔ nii ni yɔɔ ŋwɛi, aloo nii ni yɔɔ shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ, aloo nii ni yɔɔ nu mli yɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ shishi. Kaakula shi oha amɛ ni kaasɔmɔ amɛ. . . . [Nɛkɛ kita nɛɛ ekaaa yɛ amagai ni ekpoo yɛ mra mli nɛkɛ, yɛ 1513 D.Ŋ.B. nɛɛ.]
▪ “Okɛ NUŊTSƆ lɛ [Hebri: יהרה] ni ji o-Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ gbɛi akakã amale kita . . .
▪ “Kaimɔ hejɔɔmɔ gbi lɛ ni ohiɛ lɛ krɔŋkrɔŋ. . . . NUŊTSƆ lɛ jɔɔ hejɔɔmɔ gbi lɛ ni efee lɛ krɔŋkrɔŋ.
▪ “Okɛ woo aha otsɛ kɛ onyɛ . . .
▪ “Kaagbe gbɔmɔ.
▪ “Kaafite gbala.
▪ “Kaaju.
▪ “Kaaye amale odase oshi onaanyo.
▪ “Ohiɛ akakɔ onaanyo shia . . . eŋa . . . ewenuu loo eweyoo . . . etsina loo eteji nɔ, aloo nɔ ko ni ji onaanyo nɔ̃ nɔ.”—2 Mose 20:3-17.
Eyɛ mli akɛ klɛŋklɛŋ kitai ejwɛ lɛ pɛ kɔɔ Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ mli hemɔkɛyelii kɛ jamɔ he moŋ, shi kitai krokomɛi lɛ tsɔɔ tsakpaa ni ka jeŋba kpakpa kɛ wekukpaa kpakpa ni aaaka mɔ kɛ Bɔlɔ lɛ teŋ lɛ mli.
[Mfoniri]
Yɛ mla ni ekaaa ni jɛ Nyɔŋmɔ ŋɔɔ lɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, Israel kase wɔŋjalɔi ni bɛŋkɛ amɛ lɛ atsina bi jamɔ lɛ (Shika tsina bi, Byblos)
[Akrabatsa/Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 220, 221]
Hebribii Aniŋmaai Krɔŋkrɔŋi Lɛ
Hebri Niŋmaai krɔŋkrɔŋi lɛ je shishi kɛ “Tanakh” lɛ. Gbɛi “Tanakh” lɛ ba kɛjɛ Yudafoi a-Biblia ni yɔɔ Hebri wiemɔ mli lɛ amlijaai etɛ lɛ mli: Torah (Mla), Nevi’im (Gbalɔi), kɛ Kethuvim (Niŋmaai), ni amɛkɛ efa fɛɛ fa lɛ mli klɛŋklɛŋ niŋmaa lɛ tsu nii ni akɛfee wiemɔ TaNaKh. Aŋmala nɛkɛ woji nɛɛ yɛ Hebri kɛ Aramaik wiemɔ mli kɛjɛ afii ohai 16 kɛbashi afii ohai 5 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ mli.
Yudafoi heɔ yeɔ akɛ aŋmala yɛ mumɔ naa, yɛ ŋɛlɛ ni baa shi hu mli. No hewɔ lɛ amɛtoɔ naa yɛ bɔ ni amɛhe hiaa ha nɛɛ naa:
Torah—Mose woji enumɔ lɛ, loo Pentateuch (ejɛ Hela wiemɔ kɛha “wolokpoi enumɔ” mli), Mla lɛ, ni feɔ 1 Mose, 2 Mose, 3 Mose, 4 Mose, kɛ 5 Mose. Shi abaanyɛ akɛ wiemɔ “Torah” lɛ atsu nii ni akɛmiitsɔɔ Yudafoi a-Biblia muu lɛ fɛɛ kɛ agbɛnɛ mla ni akɛ naabu jaje lɛ kɛ Talmud lɛ (kwɛmɔ baafa ni tsa nɔ lɛ).
Nevi’im—Gbalɔi lɛ, kɛjɛ Yoshua nɔ kɛyashi gbalɔi wuji, Yesaia, Yeremia, kɛ Ezekiel nɔ, kɛ agbɛnɛ gbalɔi “bibii” 12 lɛ, kɛjɛ Hoshea kɛyashi Maleaki.
Kethuvim—Niŋmaai lɛ, ni ji lalafoo nitsumɔi lɛ, Lalai, Abɛi, Hiob, Lalai amli Lalai, kɛ Yaafo. Nɔ ni fata he hu ji Rut, Jajelɔ, Ester, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemia, kɛ Klɛŋklɛŋ Kronika kɛ Kronika Wolo ni Ji Enyɔ.
Talmud Lɛ
Yɛ Jeŋmajiaŋnyo susumɔ naa lɛ, “Tanakh,” loo Yudafoi a-Biblia lɛ ji Yudafoi aniŋmaai lɛ amli nɔ ni he hiaa fe fɛɛ. Shi bɔ ni Yudafoi lɛ susuɔ enɛ he lɛ yɛ sɔrɔto. Yudafoi pii kɛ nɔ ni Adin Steinsaltz, ni ji rabi lɛ wie lɛ baakpa gbee: “Kɛji Biblia lɛ ji Yuda jamɔ koŋtɛ lɛ, belɛ Talmud lɛ ji eteŋgbɛ akulashiŋ, ejɛɔ eshishitooi lɛ amli ekwɔɔ kɛyaa ŋwɛi shɔŋŋ, ni no hiɛɔ mumɔŋ kɛ nilee tsu lɛ fɛɛ mli . . . Wolo kroko ko bɛ ni ena Yudafoi ashihilɛ nɔ hewalɛ yɛ nɔ ni awieɔ kɛkɛ lɛ kɛ nɔ ni atsuɔ he nii diɛŋtsɛ lɛ mli ni abaanyɛ akɛto he.” (The Essential Talmud) Belɛ mɛni ji Talmud lɛ?
Jeee akɛ ortodɔks Yudafoi heɔ yeɔ akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ mla ni aŋma, aloo Torah lɛ, ha Mose yɛ Sinai Gɔŋ lɛ nɔ kɛkɛ, shi moŋ akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ jie bɔ ni eeetsu Mla lɛ he nii eha lɛ mlitsɔɔmɔi pɔtɛɛi komɛi akpo etsɔɔ lɛ, ni akɛ esa akɛ akɛ naabu ajaje enɛɛmɛi atsɔɔ. Atsɛ enɛ akɛ mla ni akɛ naabu jajeɔ. No hewɔ lɛ Talmud lɛ ji nakai mla ni akɛ naabu jaje, kɛ ehe wiemɔi kɛ mlitsɔɔmɔi ni ba yɛ sɛɛ mli, ni rabifoi lɛ bua naa kɛjɛ wɔ Ŋ.B. afii ohai enyɔ lɛ mli kɛyabote Teŋgbɛ Afii lɛ amli lɛ anaamuamɔ ni aŋmala ashwie shi.
Aja Talmud lɛ mli enyɔ afee lɛ kui titrii enyɔ:
Mishnah lɛ: Saji ahe wiemɔi ni abua naa ni akɛfataa Ŋmalɛ Mla lɛ he, ni damɔ rabifoi ni atsɛɔ amɛ Tannaim (tsɔɔlɔi) lɛ asaji amlitsɔɔmɔi anɔ. Aŋmala ashwie shi yɛ wɔ Ŋ.B. afii ohai enyɔ lɛ naagbee kɛ afii ohai etɛ lɛ shishijee mli.
Gemara lɛ (kɛjɛ shishijee lɛ atsɛɔ lɛ Talmud): Mishnah lɛ he saji ni rabifoi ni hi shi yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ (Ŋ.B. afii ohai etɛ kɛyashi afii ohai ekpaa lɛ mli lɛ) ewie ni abua naa.
Kɛfata emlijaai titrii enyɔ nɛɛ ahe lɛ, nɔ ni baanyɛ afata Talmud lɛ he hu ji Gemara lɛ he saji ni rabifoi wie kɛmiibote Teŋgbɛ Afii lɛ amli. Mɛi ni ale amɛ waa yɛ mli ji rabifoi Rashi (Solomon ben Isaac, 1040-1105), mɔ ni ha Talmud lɛ mli wiemɔ ni shishinumɔ wa lɛ fee mlɛo kwraa lɛ, kɛ Rambam (Moses ben Maimon, ni ale lɛ jogbaŋŋ akɛ Maimonides, 1135-1204), ni to Talmud lɛ he gbɛjianɔ efee lɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ ni yɔɔ kuku (“Mishneh Torah”), ní no hewɔ lɛ, eha Yudafoi fɛɛ anine shɛ eko nɔ lɛ.
[Pictures]
Shishigbɛ, blema Torah ni jɛ nɔ ni ale akɛ Ester Gbonyo Bu lɛ mli, Iran; ninejurɔgbɛ, Hebri kɛ Yiddish yijiemɔ lala ni damɔ Ŋmalɛ mli kukuji anɔ
[Akrabatsa/Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 226, 227]
Yuda Jamɔ—Jamɔ ni Yɔɔ Gbeei Sɔrɔtoi
Sɔrɔto-feemɔi wuji yɛ Yuda jamɔ kui sɔrɔtoi lɛ amli. Yɛ blema saji anaa lɛ, Yuda jamɔ maa jamɔ mli nifeemɔ nɔ mi. Nɛkɛ saji nɛɛ ahe ŋwanejee moŋ fe hemɔkɛyelii, kɛ béi ni hiɛdɔɔ yɔɔ mli eba Yudafoi ateŋ, ni nɔ ni ejɛ mli eba ji kui titrii etɛ yɛ Yuda jamɔ mli.
ORTODƆKS YUDA JAMƆ—Jeee akɛ nɛkɛ kuu nɛɛ kpɛlɛɔ Hebri “Tanakh” lɛ nɔ akɛ eji Ŋmalɛ ni jɛ mumɔŋ pɛ kɛkɛ, shi amɛheɔ amɛyeɔ hu akɛ Mose nine shɛ mla ni akɛ naabu jaje lɛ nɔ kɛjɛ Nyɔŋmɔ ŋɔɔ yɛ Sinai Gɔŋ lɛ nɔ yɛ be ni enine shɛ Mla ni aŋma lɛ nɔ lɛ nɔŋŋ mli. Ortodɔks Yudafoi lɛ yeɔ kitai ni yɔɔ mlai enyɔ nɛɛ amli lɛ nɔ fitsofitso. Amɛheɔ amɛyeɔ akɛ Mesia lɛ yɛ ni ebaaba, ni ekɛ yinɔ kpakpa baaba Israel. Akɛni Ortodɔks kuu lɛ mlibii lɛ hiɛ jwɛŋmɔi sɔrɔtoi hewɔ lɛ, eha kui krokomɛi eba. Ekome ji Hasidism.
Hasidim (Chasidim, eshishi ji “hetuu-kɛhalɔi”)—Abuɔ mɛnɛɛmɛi akɛ mɛi ni fe ortodɔksbii lɛ. Mɔ ni to shishi ji Israel ben Eliezer, ni ale lɛ akɛ Ba‘al Shem Tov (“Gbɛi Kpakpa lɛ Nuŋtsɔ”), yɛ afii ohai 18 lɛ teŋgbɛ yɛ Europa Bokagbɛ, ni amɛnyiɛɔ tsɔɔmɔ ni maa lalai kɛ jooi anɔ mi sɛɛ, ni nɔ ni jɛɔ mli baa ji teemɔŋ miishɛɛ. Amɛ tsɔɔmɔi lɛ pii, ni susuma ni afɔɔ lɛ ekoŋŋ yɛ bɔɔnɔ kroko mli lɛ fata he lɛ damɔ Yudafoi ateemɔŋ saji ahe woji ni atsɛɔ amɛ Kabbala (Cabala) lɛ nɔ. Mɛi ni nyiɛɔ mɛnɛɛmɛi ahiɛ ŋmɛnɛ ji rebbes (Yiddish kɛha “rabbis”), loo zaddikim, ni amɛsɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ buɔ amɛ akɛ jalɔi ni fe fɛɛ loo krɔŋkrɔŋbii lɛ.
Anaa Hasidim lɛ ŋmɛnɛ yɛ U.S. Amerika kɛ Israel titri. Amɛwoɔ Europa Bokagbɛbii atade yuu ko ni aje gbɛ akpɛ, titri lɛ ediŋ, ni afɔɔ woo yɛ afii ohai 18 kɛ 19 lɛ mli lɛ, ni ehaa ayɔseɔ amɛ, titri lɛ yɛ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ maŋtiasei amli. Ŋmɛnɛ, amɛmli egbala amɛfee kui bibii ni nyiɛɔ rebbes ni ale amɛ jogbaŋŋ lɛ asɛɛ. Kuu nɛɛ ekome ni yɔɔ ekaa ji Lubavitchers, ni sumɔɔ waa ni amɛtsake Yudafoi kɛba amɛkuu lɛ mli lɛ. Kui lɛ ekomɛi heɔ yeɔ akɛ Mesia lɛ pɛ yɔɔ hegbɛ akɛ etoɔ Israel emaa shi ekoŋŋ akɛ Yudafoi amaŋ, no hewɔ lɛ amɛteɔ shi amɛwoɔ Israel Kwasafo maŋ ni yɔɔ bianɛ lɛ.
YUDA JAMƆ NI ATSAKE LƐ (ale enɛ hu akɛ “Heyeli” kɛ “Nɔyaa”)—Kuu lɛ je shishi yɛ Europa Anaigbɛ kɛmiiba afii ohai 19 lɛ shishijee mli. Amɛ nifeemɔi damɔ Moses Mendelssohn, afii ohai 18 lɛ mli Yudanyo nilelɔ ko ni he ye akɛ esa akɛ Yudafoi lɛ akpɛlɛ Anaigbɛ hiŋmɛigbelemɔ nɔ moŋ fe ni amɛaatsi amɛhe kɛaajɛ Jeŋmajiaŋbii lɛ ahe lɛ susumɔi anɔ. Yudafoi ni Amɛtsake lɛ ekpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ akɛ Torah lɛ ji anɔkwale ni ajɛ ŋwɛi ajie lɛ kpo. Amɛbuɔ Yudafoi amlai ni kɔɔ niyenii, hetsuumɔ, kɛ atadewoo he lɛ akɛ ebe eho. Amɛheɔ nɔ ni amɛtsɛɔ lɛ “Mesia be ni ji Jeŋ Muu Fɛɛ nyɛmifeemɔ” lɛ amɛyeɔ. Amɛkpale kɛtee Yuda jamɔ blema saji ahe babaoo yɛ nyɛsɛɛ afii nɛɛ amli.
YUDA JAMƆ NI TSAKEEE—Enɛ je shishi yɛ Germany yɛ 1845 akɛ Yuda Jamɔ ni Etsake, ní anu he akɛ, amɛkpoo blema Yudafoi akusum-nifeemɔi babaoo tsɔ lɛ nine. Yuda Jamɔ ni Tsakeee lɛ ekpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ akɛ Mose nine shɛ mla ni akɛ naabu jajeɔ lɛ nɔ kɛjɛ Nyɔŋmɔ ŋɔɔ, shi amɛkɛɔ moŋ akɛ, rabifoi lɛ, ni bɔ mɔdɛŋ ni amɛkɛ Yuda jamɔ ato shihilɛ loo be hee he lɛ diɛŋtsɛ kɛ Torah ni akɛ naabu jajeɔ lɛ ba. Yudafoi ni Tsakeee lɛ kpɛlɛɔ Biblia mli gbɛtsɔɔmɔi kɛ Rabifoi amla nɔ kɛji enɛɛmɛi “tsuɔ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ Yudafoi ashihilɛ mli taomɔ nii ahe nii.” (The Book of Jewish Knowledge) Amɛkɛ Hebri kɛ Ŋleshi Blɔfo tsuɔ nii yɛ amɛsɔlemɔ mli nifeemɔi amli ni amɛkɛ amɛhe kpɛtɛɔ niyeli he mlai (kashruth) ahe gbagbalii. Aŋmɛɔ gbɛ koni hii kɛ yei fɛɛ atara shi kutuu yɛ jamɔ mli, nii ni Ortodɔksbii lɛ ekpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ.
[Mfonirii]
Abɛkugbɛ, Yudafoi damɔ Yaafo Gbogbo lɛ hiɛ yɛ Yerusalem, ni yɛ yiteŋgbɛ lɛ, Yudanyo ni miisɔle, ni Yerusalem maŋ lɛ ye esɛɛ
[Akrabatsa/Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 230, 231]
Gbijurɔyelii kɛ Kusum-Nifeemɔi Komɛi ni He Hiaa
Yudafoi agbijurɔyelii lɛ ateŋ nɔ ni fa damɔ Biblia lɛ nɔ, ni yɛ be babaoo mli lɛ, amɛji bei agbijuji ni kɔɔ ŋmaakpamɔi sɔrɔtoi aloo yinɔsane mli nibii ni babai ahe.
▪ Shabbat (Sabbath)—Abuɔ Yudafoi otsi lɛ mli gbi ni ji kpawo (kɛjɛ Sohaa hulushinyɔɔ mli kɛyashi Hɔɔ hulushinyɔɔ mli) lɛ akɛ efeɔ otsi lɛ krɔŋkrɔŋ, ni gbijurɔ krɛdɛɛ ni ayeɔ yɛ nɛkɛ gbi nɛɛ nɔ lɛ ji jamɔ lɛ fa ni he hiaa. Yudafoi yaa kpeehe lɛ kɛhaa Torah lɛ kanemɔ kɛ sɔlemɔi.—2 Mose 20:8-11.
▪ Yom Kippur—Kpatamɔ Gbi, gbijurɔyeli ni hiɛdɔɔ yɔɔ mli ni nɔ ni ale yɛ he ji ŋmaahilɛ kɛ he ni akaa akwɛɔ. Ekɛ He Yi ni Awaa Gbii Nyɔŋma ni jeɔ shishi kɛ Rosh Hashanah, Yudafoi Afi Hee, ni baa yɛ September mli taakɛ Yudafoi a-kalenda lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ baa naagbee.—3 Mose 16:29-31; 23:26-32.
▪ Sukkot (ŋwɛi, ninejurɔgbɛ)—Asesei, loo Kpeebui, loo Naabuamɔ Gbijurɔ. Ayeɔ ŋmaakpamɔ nɛɛ kɛ okwaayeli afi titri nɛɛ naagbee akɛ gbijurɔ. Ayeɔ yɛ October mli.—3 Mose 23:34-43; 4 Mose 29:12-38; 5 Mose 16:13-15.
▪ Hanukkah—Henɔjɔɔmɔ Gbijurɔ. Gbijurɔyeli ko ni ehe gbɛi ni ayeɔ yɛ December mli akɛkaiɔ Makabiifoi ni saa to Yudafoi aheyeli kɛmiijɛ Siria kɛ Hela nɔyeli shishi amɛma shi ekoŋŋ, kɛ Yerusalem sɔlemɔtsu lɛ ni aku sɛɛ ajɔɔ nɔ ekoŋŋ yɛ December 165 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ. Nɔ ni afɔɔ namɔ yɛ enɛ he ji kɛnrɛ ni asũɔ gbii kpaanyɔ lɛ.
▪ Purim—Oshikii Agbijurɔyeli. Ayeɔ enɛ yɛ February naagbee loo March mra mli, ni akɛkaiɔ bɔ ni ahere Yudafoi lɛ ayiwala kɛjɛ Haman kɛ eŋaa ni etsɔ koni ekpata amɛ fɛɛ amɛhiɛ yɛ Persia yɛ afii ohai enumɔ D.Ŋ.B. lɛ mli lɛ..—Ester 9:20-28.
▪ Pesach—Hehoo Gbijurɔyeli. Ato koni akɛkai Israel jiemɔ kɛmiijɛ Mizraim nyɔŋyeli mli (1513 D.Ŋ.B.). No ji Yudafoi agbijurɔyelii lɛ amli nɔ ni da fe fɛɛ ni etsɛ hu fe fɛɛ. Ayeɔ yɛ Nisan 14 (Yudafoi a-kalenda lɛ nɔ), ni efɔɔ baa yɛ March naagbee loo April shishijee mli. Yudafoi aweku fɛɛ weku kpeɔ kutuu koni amɛye Hehoo niyenii loo Seder lɛ. Ayeee masha ko yɛ gbii kpawo ni nyiɛ sɛɛ lɛ mli. Atsɛɔ nɛkɛ be nɛɛ akɛ Akpiti Aboloo (Matzot) Gbijurɔ.—2 Mose 12:14-20, 24-27.
Yudafoi a-Kusum-Nifeemɔi Komɛi
▪ Ketiafoo—Kɛha Yudafoi gbekɛbii hii lɛ, eji nifeemɔ ko ni he hiaa ni afeɔ kɛji abifao lɛ ye gbii kpaanyɔ. Afɔɔ lɛ tsɛmɔ akɛ Abraham Kpaŋmɔ, ejaakɛ ketiafoo ji kpaŋmɔ ni Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ lɛ fee lɛ he okadi. Esa akɛ afolɔɔ hii ni amɛtsakeɔ kɛbaa Yuda jamɔ mli lɛ hu ketia.—1 Mose 17:9-14.
▪ Bar Mitzvah (shishigbɛ)—Yudafoi akusum-nifeemɔ kroko ni he hiaa, eshishi diɛŋtsɛ ji “kita lɛ binuu,” “wiemɔ ko ni akɛtsɔɔ jamɔ mli kɛ mla naa dalɛ kɛ agbɛnɛ be mli ni gbekɛbii hii lɛ kɛ amɛhe woɔ hegbɛ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ mli beni amɛye afii 13 kɛ gbi kome.” Ebatsɔ Yudafoi akusum yɛ afii ohai 15 Ŋ.B. lɛ pɛ mli.—Encyclopaedia Judaica.
▪ Mezuzah (ŋwɛigbɛ)—Ewaaa akɛ aaayoo Yudafoi ashia kɛtsɔ mezuzah, aloo adeka ko ni akɛ wolo ni akota hɔɔ mli, ni yɔɔ shinaatso lɛ ninejurɔgbɛ beni mɔ ko boteɔ mli lɛ nɔ. Yɛ ekɛ nitsumɔ mli lɛ, mezuzah lɛ ji wolo bibioo ko ni aŋmaa nii yɛ nɔ ni aŋmala wiemɔi ni yɔɔ 5 Mose 6:4-9 kɛ 5 Mose 11:13-21 lɛ yɛ nɔ. Akotaa enɛ ni akɛhɔɔ adeka bibioo lɛ mli. Kɛkɛ lɛ akala adeka lɛ akpɛtɛ tsu fɛɛ tsu ni ahiɔ mli lɛ shinaa naa.
▪ Yarmulke (fai bibioo kɛha hii)—Taakɛ Encyclopaedia Judaica lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ: “Ortodɔks Yudafoi . . . buɔ yitso he ni ahaa, yɛ kpeehe lɛ sɛɛ kɛ emli fɛɛ lɛ akɛ, heshibaa kɛha Yudafoi ablema saji lɛ he okadi.” Atsiii yitso he ni ahaa yɛ jamɔ mli lɛ ta yɛ Tanakh lɛ mli he ko he ko, no hewɔ lɛ Talmud lɛ tsiɔ enɛ ta akɛ eji kusum-nifeemɔ ko ni mɔ ni sumɔɔ lɛ baafee. Hasidim Yudafoi yei haa amɛyiteŋ yɛ be fɛɛ mli aloo amɛshɛɔ amɛyitsɔi amɛshwieɔ ni amɛbumɔɔ yitsɔi ni akɛfee fai.
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 206]
Abram (Abraham), Yudafoi lɛ ablematsɛ lɛ ja Yehowa Nyɔŋmɔ nɔ ni miihe ashɛ afii 4,000 ni eho nɛ
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 208]
David ŋulami—Israel kɛ Yuda jamɔ okadi ni bɛ Biblia mli
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 215]
Yudanyo woloŋmalɔ miikwɛ Hebri ŋmalɛ lɛ nɔ eeŋma eko
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 222]
Hasidim Yudafoi aweku miiye Hejɔɔmɔ Gbi lɛ gbijurɔ
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 233]
Yudafoi ni amɛtu amɛhe amɛha lɛ fimɔɔ sɔlemɔi ni aŋmala yɛ woji anɔ ni akɛhɔlɔ nii amli amɛkɛkpɛtɛɔ amɛniji ahe kɛ amɛhiɛnaa