Bya Buneme Byafyamine pa Myaka Yavula

Shayuka wakumya bingi pa byo amona. Watalatala kibese paji byambo byanembelwe kala. Kumweka kwa byambo ne byo byanembwa byamulengela kushiinwa kuba’mba watana mapa a kala po batuntulwijile Baibolo mu mulaka wa Georgia.

BINO bya buneme bebitulukile ku kupwa kwa December mu 1922, kimye mufunjishi mwina Georgia aye Ivané Javakhishvili kyo apeselepeselenga pa bisopelo bya mu mulaka wa Georgia byo byatendekele. Po po atulukile ne buku wa Jerusalem Talmud. Byo atajiishenga uno buku, wamwene po banemba bisopelo bya mu Kihebelu bimo byafuchikileko pacheche byajinga bya mu mulaka wa Georgia.a

Byambo “byafyamine” mu buku wa Talmud bebikopolwele mu buku wa mu Baibolo wa Yelemiya wajingako mu kitota kya myaka kya butanu C.E. Uno buku saka bakyangye kumutuluka, kwajinga Baibolo wa kala wayukanyikwa wa mu mulaka wa Georgia wajingako mu kitota kya myaka kya bu 9 C.E. Kechi papichile ne kimye ne, mabuku akwabo a mu Baibolo ajingako mu kitota kya myaka kya butanu C.E. atainwe. Akilangulukai kutana mabuku a mu Baibolo ajingako panyuma ya kupitapo myaka kufuma Yesu ne batumwa banji saka bakiji pano pa ntanda.

Ñanyi watuntulwile ano mabuku? Nanchi muntu umo ye watuntulwile nyi, inyi bavula? Kafwako bishinka byatanwa pa kuba’mba tukumbule buno bwipuzho ne. Nangwa kya kuba kechi twayuka batuntulwile ne, bino twayuka kuba’mba Baibolo nangwa lubaji lumo, watuntulwilwe mu mulaka wa Georgia mu kitota kya myaka kya buna kabiji Mambo a Lesa ajingako ku bena Georgia mu mulaka wabo kufumatu ne ku kala.

Jishimikila jimwesha kuba’mba bena Georgia bayukile Binembelo, jitanwa mu buku wa kuba’mba The Martyrdom of St. Shushanik the Queen, kampe wanembelwe mu kitota kya myaka kya butanu. Pa kushimikizha jishimikila ja bulanda ja kwa mwaji, wanembelepo bimo byatongolwa mu mashimikila aji mu buku wa Masalamo, mu mabuku a Mambo Awama ne mashimikila akwabo amu Baibolo. Kabiji washimikizha kuba’mba atookeshe ku muchima mafumu abena Pelisha, mwatawanji Shushani aye Varsken, wajinga kinemanga wa mu Bufumu bwa bena Georgia bwa Kartli wasankijilepo “Bwina Kilishitu,” ne kutendeka kuya ku bupopweshi bwa bena Pelisha bwa Zoroastrianism, ne kukambizha mukazhanji kumulondela. Kwesakana na uno buku, mukazhanji wakaine kusankilapo byo aitabijilemo ne kutendeka kutanga Binembelo bya mutekeneshenga saka bakyangye kumwipaya.

Kufumatu mu kitota kya myaka kya butanu, kutuntululwa ne kunembululwa kwa Baibolo wa bena Georgia kwatwajijile. Mapa panembelwe Baibolo wa mu mulaka wa bena Georgia amwesha kuba’mba bantuntuluzhi ne banembulwilenga baingijile bingi na ngovu uno mwingilo. Lekai twisambe pa kutuntululwa ne kunembwa kwa Baibolo.

KUTUNTULULWA KWA MABAIBOLO

“Amiwa Giorgi, mpopwela ku bupopweshi bwa banabalume bonkatu, natuntulula buku wa Masalamo kufuma mu Kingiliki kutwala mu Georgia na mukoyo.” Bino byo byambo byaambile Giorgi Mtatsmindeli mwina Georgia wajingako mu kitota kya myaka kya bu 11. Umvwe Baibolo wa mu mulaka wa bena Georgia wajingako pa myaka yavula, Mambo ka o batuntulwijilenga?

Mu kitota kya myaka kya bu 11, kwajinga maBaibolo acheche anembelwetu na maboko mu mulaka wa bena Georgia. Mabuku amo aelekele. Kabiji mulaka naye wapimpwilwe, onkao mambo kyakatezhe bingi bantu kutanga ano mabuku. Nangwa kya kuba bantuntuluzhi bamo bakebelenga kunembulula Baibolo mu mulaka wa bena Georgia, mabuku a kwa Giorgi akwashishe bingi pa kunembulula Baibolo. Aye waesakenyenga mabuku ajinga mu mulaka wa bena Georgia na a mu Kingiliki ne kutuntulula bibaaba bimo byabujilemo ne mabuku onse. Kimye kya mute waingilanga mwingilo wa kumona bamwingilo baingilanga mu nzubo mwaikalanga bano banabalume bayanga ku bupopweshi bwa banabalume bonkatu. Mu kimye kya bufuku watuntulululanga Baibolo.

Ephrem Mtsire wajingako pa kimye kimo ne Giorgi watwajijile mwingilo wa kwa Giorgi. Byo anembele byo byakwashishe bantuntuluzhi kwingila bulongo. Mwajinga mizhilo ya kulondela pa kutuntulula nabiji bya kuba pa kutuntulula kufumya mu mulaka mutanshi byonka byo biji saka byumvwanyika byonka byo baamba yewo mulaka. Watendekele ne kubikamo tubyambo twa panshi ne tubisopelo tubena kumwesha binembelo bikwabo mu ma Baibolo a mu mulaka wa Georgia. Ephrem watuntulwile mabuku amo a mu Baibolo. Mwingilo waingijile Giorgi ne Ephrem waajile kitendekesho kyakosa kya mwingilo wa buntuntuluzhi.

Myaka yalondejilepo mabuku avula atendekele kunembwa mu Georgia. Bashimikile masukulu mu muzhi wa Gelati ne Ikalto. Banembi bavula bayuka Baibolo ye batela amba Gelati awo ye balamina mu Georgian National Centre of Manuscripts ke Baibolo mutuntulu ye batuntulula ku banembi bamo ba mu muzhi wa Gelati nangwa mu Ikalto.

Kutuntululwa kwa Baibolo kwalengejile bantu bamu Georgia kuba byepi? Mu kitota kya myaka kyabu 12, unemba nsansawilo aye Shota Rustaveli wanembejile Vepkhis-tqaosani (Knight in the Panther Skin), buku waile nkuwa pa myaka yavula ye batelele amba Baibolo wa bubiji wa bena Georgia. Nembi mwina Georgia ujiko ne luno aye K. Kekelidze waambile amba bibaba bimo byatongolwa umvwe byafumine mu Baibolo nangwa ne, “bino bimo byo anembelenga byafumine mu mashimikila a mu Baibolo apusanapusana.” Nangwa kya kuba, mu ino nsansawilo kechi bamba pa bintu byonka byo biji ne, bino javula bamba pa mitwe nabiji bulunda bwa kine, bumpanyi, kunemeka banabakazhi ne kutemwa benyi. Ino mitwe ne bintu bikwabo byanema byanembwa mu Baibolo byakwashishe bingi bena Georgia kabiji ne luno bakibilondela.

KUNEMBA BAIBOLO WAJINGA MWINGILO WA MFUMU

Ku mpelo ya kupwa kwa myaka kitota kyabu 17, kisemi kya bufumu kya mu Georgia bakebelenga kuba’mba Baibolo anembwe. Pa kupitapo kimye, Mfumu aye Vakhtang VI washimikile kishimikwa mwa kunembela mu muzhi mukatampe wa mu Tbilisi. Pano bino, Baibolo kechi wakipwile ne pa kuba’mba bamupulinte. Na mambo a kino, kyajinga nobe Baibolo wa mu mulaka wa Georgia bamufiile. Kwajinga mbaji imo ya Baibolo yabujile kupwa kabiji ne mulaka ye banembejilemo wajinga wa kala ye babulanga kwingijisha pa kyokya kimye. Sulkhan Saba Orbeliani wayukile milaka yavula, ye bapeele mwingilo wa kupitulukamo ne kubwezhamo byambo byabujilemo mu Baibolo.

Orbeliani watendekele kwingila uno mwingilo na mukoyo. Byo ayukile milaka yavula kubikapotu ne Kingiliki ne Kilatini, bino byamukwashishe kukebakeba mu mabuku apusanapusana kunungapo pa ajingako mu mulaka wa Georgia. Nangwa byonkabyo, bena Georgia bayaanga mu kipwilo kya Orthodox kechi batemenwe byo aubilenga ne. Bantangi ba bupopweshi bamupeelemo mambo a kuba’mba ubena kwamba byambo byatama pa kipwilo kabiji baambijile mfumu kumukanya mwingilo wa kunembulula Baibolo. Kwesakana na byamba mabuku amo a bena Georgia, byo bajinga pa kije mu kipwilo, bantangi bakanjikizhe Orbeliani kusoka Baibolo ye anembulwilenga pa myaka yavula.

Buku umo ye batela amba Saba’s Bible wanembele Mtskheta (Mcxeta) ujiko ne lelo jino, mutanwa byambo byanembele Orbeliani. Bamo bazhinauka inge kya kuba’mba uno ye Baibolo bantangi ye bakebelenga nangwa ne. Mu byakulumbulula mo mutanwa byambo byaamba pe aye.

Nangwa kya kuba uno mwingilo wa kupulinta ma Baibolo wakatezhe, ye mwingilo wanemene ku ba mu kisemi kya bufumu. Kufuma mu 1705 kufika mu 1711, mbaji imo ya Baibolo yapulintilwe. Bakari ne Vakhushti abo bajinga bana ba mfumu wa bena Georgia baingijile bingi pa kuba’mba Baibolo yense apulintwe mu mwaka wa 1743. Kino kyabuneme luno kechi kyafyama ne.

[Tubyambo twa mushi]

[Byambo bya Muntu Ungi]

© The Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford [Ms.Georg.c.1(P) Verso]; inset: National Archives of Georgia

[Byambo bya Muntu Ungi]

National Archives of Georgia

[Kitenguluzha pa peja 10]

JIZHINA JA LESA MU BAIBOLO WA BENA GEORGIA

Jizhina ja Yehoba (mu Kihebelu, יהוה), Baibolo waingijisha jino jizhina kutongola Lesa kabiji jitanwamo bimye 7,000 mu mabuku anembelwe mu mulaka mutanshi. Ma Baibolo avula a mu mulaka wa bena Georgia, pa jino jizhina bapingizhapo kyambo kya kuba’mba “Nkambo.” Pano bino, byambo byakulumbulula biji mu Baibolo ye batela amba Saba, Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani waamba bilumbulula jizhina ja Yesu amba: “Ieses kufuma mu Kihebelu: Ieova nkambo mupulushi.” Kyawamakotu, jizhina ja Lesa, Yehoba jitanwa ponse po jafwainwa kutanwa mu Baibolo wa New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures wa mu mulaka wa Georgia, wanembelwe na Bakamonyi ba kwa Yehoba mu 2006.

[Byambo bya Muntu Ungi]

National Center of Manuscripts

[Kitenguluzhapa peja 11]

Bwina Kilishitu Mu Georgia

Kimye ka kyatendekele bwina Kilishitu mu Georgia? Kafwako mabuku amwesha kimye kyo bwatendekele ne. Nangwa byonkabyo, buku wa Byubilo bya Batumwa waamba pa Bayudea nangwa bantu baalukile ke Bayudea bafumine ku Pontusa bajinga pa boba bajinga mu Yelusalema baumvwine mambo awama pa Pentekosita 33 C.E. Byo babwelele kwabo, bafwainwa basapwijile mambo a bwina Kilishitu. Bipwilo bya bena Kilishitu byajingako mu Pontusa mu mwaka wa 62 C.E. Mu kitota kya myaka kitanshi, Pontusa waikajile ku muzhika buyeke bwa kyalo kya Turkey ku ñinza na kyalo kya Georgia.—Byubilo 2:9; 1 Petelo 1:1.

[Maapu]

(Umvwe mukeba bine byambo, monai mu buku)

GEORGIA

Kwaikela muzhi wa kala wa Pontusa

Yelusalema