Dhina la Nlungu mu Malemba a Igiriki

Atu oidhiwa vyamafunji-edho a Bibilya, tanorumela ira dhina la Nlungu lolembiwa na maletra 4 a Iebere (יהוה), linofwanyeya fendo dhokwakwana 7.000 mu mipukutu yoroma ya Malemba a Iebere. Mbwenye atu enango tanoona ira dhinali kalafwanyeya mu mipukutu yoroma ya Malemba a Igiriki a Ikristau. Namwasa wa vyevi, alimbo thapulela anjinji a Mabibilya a Ingeles malamboano, katino-elamo dhina loi Yohova tathapulelanga Malemba anoaonga aliwa ira ndi Ivwelano Ipya. Masiki tafwanya madhu okhumela Mumalemba a Iebere oi atokaana maletra 4 anoimelela dhina la Nlungu, alimbo thapulela anjinji tano-indi-edha basa madhu oi “Mbwiye” malo mwa dhina laimbarimbari la Nlungu.

Mbwenye alimbo thapulela Bibilya la Ilambo Ipya la Malemba Opambuleya, katairile vyevi. Bibilyanimu, atoweleli-edhamo dhina loi Yohova thitho linofwanyeya fendo dhokwakwana 237 Malemba a Igiriki. Voirana vyevi, alimbo thapulela Bibilyali tatoothuulela makhundo menli ufuneyala: (1) mipukutu ya Igiriki ina i-yo malamboano kai yoroma lembiwa. Va mipukutu mamiliyau manjinji ilivo malamboano, minjinji yalembiwile vangavirile vyawa vyowandamela 200 vasogolo va mipukutu yoroma. (2) Vahora yeniyo, atu takopiyari mipukutu tatookhumi-amo dhina la Nlungu lalembiwa na maletra 4 a Iebere no-elamo madhu a Igiriki oi Kyʹri·os, oi athapulela “Mbwiye,” venango takopiyari khumela mu mipukutu yoi dhinali lali lingakhumi-iwilemo wale.

Komisau Yothapulela Bibilya la Ilambo Ipya, yatookaana umboni osimikizela ira dhina la Nlungu lalembiwile na maletra 4 a Iebere, lanoofwanyeyadi mu mipukutu yoroma ya Igiriki. Vili e-no namwasa wa makhundo o-arelala:

• Mipukutu ya Malemba a Iebere yoi ya-indi-edhiwa basa muhora ya Yesu naarumiwi, mwanoofwanyeya dhina la Nlungu lelo lalembiwa na maletra 4 a Iebere. Ndulimu, atu enango tanooruni-a vyevi. Mbwenye voi atu tatofwanya mipukutu ya Malemba a Iebere mutatamo la Kumurani, yoi yanoo-indi-edhiwa basa muhora ya arumiwi, va-eeni kavalive mutu unokaikela vyevi.

• Muhora ya Yesu naarumiwee, dhina la Nlungu lalembiwa na maletra 4 a Iebere lanoofwanyeya thitho mu mipukutu ya Igiriki yathapulela Malemba a Iebere. Wa vyawa vinjinji alimbo idhiwa vya Bibilya tathuulela ira Bibilya la Igiriki la Septuagint, lothapulela Malemba a Iebere, kamwafwanyeya dhina la Nlungu loi Yohova. Adhamale vari va yawa ya 1900, atu oidhiwa vyongwala tatoofwanya mapedaso awale a Bibilya la Igiriki la Septuagint loi lanoo-indi-edhiwa basa muhora ya Yesu. Mapedaswala atookaana dhina la Nlungu lalembiwile na maletra a Iebere. Ee-no muhora ya Yesu dhina la Nlungu lanoofwanyeyadi mu mipukutu ya Igiriki. Mbwenye vofiya yawa ya 300 K.A.B., mipukutu yoidhiweya pama ya Bibilya la Igiriki la Septuagint, ninga la Codex Vaticanus na Codex Sinaiticus, kamwafwanyeya dhina la Nlungu romela bukhu la Maromelo fiyedha Malaki (mamburo mwafwanyeya aliwa mipukutu yoroma). Ee-no kai vyodabwi-a ira mipukutu yalokotiwile romela hora yeniyo kamuli dhina la Nlungu Malemba anoongiwa ira Ivwelano Ipya venango Malemba a Igiriki a Bibilyani.

  Yesu atoonga movweya pama ira: “Miyo ndidhidhe mu dhina la Babanga.” Atoogogomedha thitho ira, vyongo vyothene anooviira dhela “Mudhina la Babee”

• Malemba a Igiriki mambo-ive anao anoonga movweya pama ira hora dhinjinji Yesu anooromola dhina la Nlungu thitho anooidhiwi-a atu enango vya dhinali. (Juwau 17:6, 11, 12, 26) Yesu atoonga movweya pama ira: “Miyo ndidhidhe mudhina la Babanga.” Atoogogomedha thitho ira, vyongo vyothene anooviira dhela “Mudhina la Babee.”—Juwau 5:43; 10:25.

• Voi Malemba a Igiriki mbovudheleliwa ninga muli aliwa Malemba a Iebere, dhina la Nlungu loi Yohova lanoofuneya fwanyeya thitho Malemba a Igirikao. Vari va yawa ya 100 K.A.B., namafunjedha Yakobo atoawandela andimuwa awu Yerusalemu ira: “Sumeoni utoonga movweya pama mwemo Nlungu mwarumenle liye voroma atu amaziza enango ira vari viwa asakulevo atu enango ira taidhiweye na dhinalee.” (Mayirelo 15:14) Vyakale vyo-ovweya ira Yakobo aonge madhu enala, aakale ira vahora yeniyo kavali mutu uliwethene aidhiwa venango i-ndi-edha basa dhina la Nlungu.

• Malemba a Igiriki mutokala thitho dhina la Nlungu logwandela. Va Apokalipse 19:1, 3, 4, 6, vatokala dhina la Nlungu logwandela linofwanyeya mu madhu oi “Aleluya.” Madhu enala anokhumela wu madhu a Iebere oi anothapulela ira “Mum’titimi-e Ya.” “Ya” ndi madhu ogwandela a dhina loi Yohova. Madhina manjinji a Malemba a Igiriki mbokhumela vadhina la Nlungu. Thitho mabukhu manjinji anothonyi-edha ira dhina la Yesu, linothapulela ira “Yohova ndi Ivulumucho.”

• Mabukhu oroma a Ayuda anothonyi-edha ira Makristau a Iyuda tanoo-indi-edha basa dhina la Nlungu. Bukhu n’nango la malamulo a Iyuda loi latoomari-iwa lembiwa mu yawa ya 300 K.A.B., loitaniwa Tosefta, linoonga madhu o-arelala voonga vya mabukhu a Makristau oi tanookha-iwa va dambo la Sabudu naatu taruni-a Ikristau: “Mabukhu aatu olaleela milanyu yapama na mabukhu aatu oitaniwa a minimu, [atu enango tathuulela ira atu enala tali Makristau a Iyuda] anookha-iwa na mulo. Tanoovyela valimburo vafwanyiwa aliwavo thitho tanoa-iya ira tanyunguluwele vevo moi mabukhu othene vambo-i na mapapeli othene taromola dhina la Nlungu tanoovyela vambo-ive.” Bukhu leli litoonga thitho madhu a Rabi Yosé wau Galileya, oi atookalao maromelo wa yawa ya 100 K.A.B. Linoonga ira Rabio aongile ira akala dambo lelo kai Sabudu, “nanookhumi-avo mapapeli [a Malemba a Ikristau] ana dhina la Nlungu thitho o-alao anookha-iwa.”

• Atu enango oidhiwa vya Bibilya tanorumela ira pyovweya onga ira dhina la Nlungu lanoofwanyeya Malemba a Igiriki oi madhwee anokhumela Malemba a Iebere. Pyodabwi-a ira va isimuru yoi “Maletra 4 anoimelela dhina la Nlungu mu Ivwelano Ipya,” bukhu n’nango lothapulela madhu linoonga ira: “Vatokala umboni othonyi-edha ira alimbo lemba mabukhu a Ivwelano Ipya, tanoolemba maletra 4 anoimelela dhina la Nlungu loi Yahweh, mu malemba othene a Ivwelano Ipya oi madhwee akhumela mu Ivwelano Yawale.” (The Anchor Bible Dictionary) Thitho mutu mwinango oidhiwa vyamafunji-edho a Bibilya dhinalee George Howard atoonga ira: “Pyovweya onga ira alimbo lemba Ivwelano Ipya, katakhumi-a maletra 4 anoimelela dhina la Nlungu mu Malemba akhumela mu Ivwelano Yawale. Ninoonga e-no namwasa oi vahoriyo maletra enala anoofwanyeyave Mabibilyani a Igiriki [a Septuagint] oi Makristau tanoa-indi-edha basa.”

• Alimbo thapulela Bibilya oidhiweya pama tatoo-indi-edha basa dhina la Nlungu Malemba a Igiriki. Enango mwa alimbo thapulelala tatooirana vyevi Bibilya la Ilambo Ipya la-anakhume. Enango mwa Mabibilya munofwanyeya dhinali mbaala: A Literal Translation of the New Testament . . . From the Text of the Vatican Manuscript, la Herman Heinfetter (1863); The Emphatic Diaglott, la Benjamin Wilson (1864); The Epistles of Paul in Modern English, la George Barker Stevens (1898); St. Paulʼs Epistle to the Romans, la W. G. Rutherford (1900); na The New Testament Letters, la J.W.C. Wand, Bishopu wau London (1946). Wenjedhela veva, maromelo wa yawa ya 1900, Pablo Besson atoothapulela Bibilya mu Espanyol. Bibilyanimu mutokala dhina loi “Yohova” va Luka 2:15 na va Yuda 14, thitho madhu achindo mamburo owandamela 100 anothonyi-edha ira va lembalo vanooda e-liwa thitho dhina la Nlungu. Mbwenye Mabibilya enala a-anathapuleliwe Malemba a Igiriki oi athapuleliwile mu Iebere thitho a-indi-edhiwa basa romela yawa ya 1500. K.A.B., atookaana dhina la Nlungu mumamburo manjinji. Iongelo ya Alemanya baa-i Mabibilya o-iyana-iyana owandamela 11 atoo-indi-edha basa dhina loi “Yohova” (venango madhu a Iebere oi “Yahweh”) Malemba a Igiriki. Mbwenye alimbo thapulela enango 4 tanoowenjedhela dhinalo wari mwa maparenti tafwanya dhina loi “Mbwiye.” Mabibilya okwaranya 70 othapuleliwa mu iongelo ya Alemanya tatoo-indi-edha basa dhina la Nlungu mu madhu achindo venango mu mamburo enango.

  

• Mabibilya a viongelo vyokwaranya 100 munofwanyeya dhina la Nlungu mu Malemba a Igiriki. Viongelo vinjinji vyau Afrika, Amerka, Aziya, Europa na visuwa vya Pasifiku vino-indi-edha basa dhina la Nlungu Mabibilyani mwiwa. (Muone vinango mwa viongelo vyevi va thakuru 546 na 547.) Alimbo thapulela anjinji tatooirana vyevi mu myasa dhimadhi ongiwa wale mu mwasa wen’na. Enango mwa Mabibilya othapulela Malemba a Igirikala atoroma fwanyeya vachineneeva ninga Bibilya la Irotumani (1999), loi tatoo-indi-edha basa dhina loi “Jihova” fendo dhokwakwana 51 mu maversu 48. Bibilya n’nango ndi la Ibataki (Itoba) (1989) lau Indoneziya, loi latoo-indi-edha basa dhina loi “Jahowa” fendo dhokwakwana 110.

  

Ee-no pyooneelatu ira vatokala myasa yovweya yoweleli-edha dhina la Nlungu loi Yohova mu Malemba a Igiriki. Vyevi pyairile alimbo thapulela Bibilya la Ilambo Ipya. Alimbo thapulelao tanolemeza maningi dhina la Nlungu thitho katifunile khumi-a iliyothene va madhu oi ali mu mipukutu yoroma.—Apokalipse 22:18, 19.