Kodi Cilamulo ca Mulungu kwa Aisiraeli Cinali Colungama ndi Cosakondela?

KALEKALE, makhoti a ku dziko lina la azungu anakhulupilila umboni wabodza wokhudza amuna aŵili wakuti anali ndi mlandu wakupha, moti anapatsidwa ciweluzo cakuti onse aŵili aphedwe. Zitadziŵika kuti umboniwo unali wabodza, maloya anacita khama, ndipo mmodzi wa oimbidwa mlanduwo anamasulidwa. Koma maloya analephela kuthandiza winayo cifukwa anali ataphedwa kale.

Popeza kuti kupanda cilungamo kwa conco kungacitike m’khoti iliyonse, Baibulo limacenjeza kuti: “Uzitsatila cilungamo. Ndithudi uzitsatila cilungamo.” (Deuteronomo 16:20) Anthu amapindula ngati oweluza amatsatila uphungu umenewu. Cilamulo ca Mulungu cinapatsa Isiraeli wakale dongosolo la malamulo ozikidwa pa cilungamo ndi kusakondela. Tiyeni tikambilane Cilamulo cimeneco kuti tione ngati “njila [za Mulungu] zonse ndi zolungama.”—Deuteronomo 32:4.

OWELUZA “ANZELU, ALUSO NDI OZINDIKILA”

Ngati oweluza ndi ozindikila, osakondela ndi opanda ziphuphu, anthu amathandizidwa. Cilamulo ca Mulungu kwa Aisiraeli cinali kusonyeza kuti oweluza afunika kukhala ndi makhalidwe amenewa. Atangoyamba ulendo wa m’cipululu, Mose anauzidwa kuti asankhe “amuna oyenelela oopa Mulungu, okhulupilika, odana ndi kupeza phindu mwacinyengo” kuti atumikile monga oweluza. (Ekisodo 18:21, 22) Patapita zaka 40, iye anatsindikanso kufunika kokhala ndi amuna anzelu, aluso ndi ozindikila kuti akhale oweluza anthu.—Deuteronomo 1:13-17.

Patapita zaka zambili, Yehosafati, mfumu ya Yuda, inalamula kuti: “Samalani zocita zanu cifukwa simukuweluzila munthu koma mukuweluzila Yehova, ndipo iye ali nanu pa nchito yoweluzayi. Tsopano mantha a Yehova akugwileni. Samalani mmene mukucitila cifukwa Yehova Mulungu wathu si wopanda cilungamo kapena watsankho ndipo salandila ciphuphu.” (2 Mbiri 19:6, 7) Conco mfumuyo inakumbutsa oweluza kuti ngati alola tsankho ndi umbombo kuwatsogolela pogamula milandu, Mulungu adzawaimba mlandu wa zoipa zilizonse zimene zingacitike.

Pamene oweluza aciisiraeli anali kutsatila miyezo ya pamwamba imeneyi, mtundu wonse unali kuona kuti ndi wotetezeka. Cilamulo ca Mulungu cinalinso ndi mfundo zina zimene zinali kuthandizanso oweluza kugamula milandu mwacilungamo, ngakhale pa milandu yovuta kwambili. Kodi mfundo zimenezo ndi ziti?

MFUNDO ZIMENE ZINATHANDIZA KUTI AWELUZE MWACILUNGAMO

Ngakhale kuti oweluza amene anasankhidwa anali amuna anzelu ndi aluso, io sanaloledwe kuweluza mogwilitsila nchito nzelu zao kapena luso lao. Yehova Mulungu anawapatsa mfundo zabwino zimene zinali kuwathandiza kupanga zigamulo zoyenela. Zina mwa mfundo zimene Oweluza a Isiraeli anapatsidwa ndi izi:

Fufuzani Bwinobwino. Kudzela mwa Mose, Mulungu analangiza oweluza a Isiraeli kuti: “Mukamazenga mlandu wa pakati pa abale anu muziweluza mwacilungamo.” (Deuteronomo 1:16) Oweluza angapeleke cigamulo cabwino pokhapo akakhala ndi umboni wonse wokhudza mlanduwo. Pa cifukwa cimeneci, Mulungu analangiza amene amasamalila nkhani za ciweluzo kuti: “Muzifunafuna, kufufuza ndi kufunsitsa za nkhani imeneyo.” Oweluza a kukhoti asanapeleke ciweluzo anali kufunika kutsimikizila kuti mlanduwo ndi woona.—Deuteronomo 13:14; 17:4.

Mvetselani kwa mboni. Mau a mboni anali ofunika kwambili pofufuza. Cilamulo ca Mulungu cinati: “Munthu akacita cimo, mboni imodzi si yokwanila kutsimikizila kuti wacitadi colakwaco kapena cimo lililonse. Muzitsimikizila nkhaniyo mutamva umboni wa pakamwa pa mboni ziŵili kapena zitatu.” (Deuteronomo 19:15) Cilamulo ca Mulungu cinalamula mboni kuti: “Usafalitse nkhani yabodza. Usagwilizane ndi munthu woipa mwa kukhala mboni yokonzela wina zoipa.”—Ekisodo 23:1.

Lankhulani zoona m’khoti. Anthu anali kuopa kupeleka umboni wabodza mu khoti poopa cilango, popeza lamulo linali kukamba kuti: “Pamenepo oweluza azifufuza nkhaniyo mosamala. Mboniyo ikapezeka kuti ndi yonama ndipo yaneneza mbale wake mlandu wonama, muicitile zimene inafuna kuti zicitikile mbale wakezo, ndipo muzicotsa woipayo pakati panu.” (Deuteronomo 19:18, 19) Conco ngati munthu wanama bodza m’khoti n’colinga coti atenge colowa ca wina, anali kumulipilitsa. Ngati bodza limene ananama linacititsa kuti munthu wosalakwayo afe, wonamayo anali kuphedwa. Mfundoyi inali kulimbikitsa kwambili anthu kuti azilankhula zoona.

Weluzani mopanda tsankho. Oweluza anali kugamula mlandu pokhapo pakakhala umboni wokwanila. Apa m’pamene anali kufunika kutsatila kwambili mfundo ina ya m’Cilamulo ca Mulungu imene imati: “Musamaweluze mopanda cilungamo. Musamakondele munthu wosauka, ndiponso musamakondele munthu wolemela. Mnzako uzimuweluza mwacilungamo.” (Levitiko 19:15) Mulimonse mmene zinalili, oweluza anali kufunika kuweluza mwacilungamo, osati kuweluza mogwilizana ndi maonekedwe a munthu kapena kuchuka kwake.

Mfundo zomveka bwino zimenezi za m’Cilamulo cimene Mulungu anapatsa Aisiraeli zaka mazana zapitazo, zingagwilebe nchito masiku ano ku makhoti. Zikanakhala kuti makhoti amatsatila mfundo za m’Cilamulo ca Mulungu, milandu yambili ikanakhala ikuweluzidwa mwacilungamo.

ANTHU AMENE ANAPINDULA NDI CILUNGAMO CENICENI

Mose anafunsa Aisiraeli funso ili: “Ndi mtundu winanso uti wamphamvu umene uli ndi malangizo ndi zigamulo zolungama zofanana ndi cilamulo conseci cimene ndikukuikilani pamaso panu lelo?” (Deuteronomo 4:8) Zoonadi panalibe mtundu wina umene unapindula ndi cilamulo cimeneco. Pamene anali wacinyamata, Mfumu Solomo anali kutsatila malamulo a Yehova. Panthawiyo, anthu omwe iye anali kulamulila anali “kukhala mwabata”ndi mwamtendele. Zinthu zinali kuwayendela bwino ndipo anali “kudya, kumwa ndi kusangalala.”—1 Mafumu 4:20, 25.

N’zacisoni kuti, m’kupita kwanthawi Aisiraeli anasiya kumvela malamulo a Mulungu. Conco kupitila mwa mneneli Yeremiya, Mulungu anati: “Taonani! Iwo akana mau a Yehova. Kodi ali ndi nzelu yotani tsopano?” (Yeremiya 8:9) Zotsatilapo zake zinali zakuti, Yerusalemu anakhala “mzinda umene uli ndi mlandu wa magazi” wodzaza “zinthu zonyansa.” Potsilizila pake mzindawu unaonongedwa ndi kukhala bwinja kwa zaka 70.—Ezekieli 22:2; Yeremiya 25:11.

Mneneli Yesaya anakhalapo ndi moyo panthawi zovuta kwambili m’mbili ya Isiraeli. Poona zimene zinacitikazo, iye analengeza coonadi ponena za Yehova Mulungu ndi Cilamulo Cake kuti: “Mukadzaweluza dziko lapansi, anthu okhala panthaka ya dzikolo adzaphunzila cilungamo.”—Yesaya 26:9.

Yesaya anasangalala pamene anauzilidwa kulosela za ulamulilo wa Mfumu Mesiya, yemwe ndi Yesu Kristu kuti: “Sadzaweluza potengela zimene wangoona ndi maso ake, kapena kudzudzula potengela zimene wangomva ndi makutu ake. Adzaweluza mwacilungamo anthu onyozeka ndipo adzadzudzula anthu moongoka mtima, pothandiza ofatsa pa dziko lapansi.” (Yesaya 11:3, 4) Anthu onse amene amakhala nzika za Mfumu Mesiya, ali ndi ciyembekezo cabwino kwambili mu Ufumu wa Mulungu!—Mateyu 6:10.

Kodi Cilamulo ca Mulungu Cinali Kuvomeleza Kubwezela?

Anthu ambili akhala akutsutsana pa tanthauzo la mau opezeka m’Baibulo akuti, “diso kulipila diso, dzino kulipila dzino.” (Ekisodo 21:24) Anthu ena amakhulupilila kuti mau amenewo akuonetsa kuti Mulungu amavomeleza kubwezela. Koma kuganiza conco kungakhale kosemphana ndi lamulo la Mulungu limene limati: “Usabwezele coipa kapena kusungila cakukhosi anthu a mtundu wako.” (Levitiko 19:18) Ndiyeno, kodi mau a m’lemba la Ekisodo amatanthauza ciani?

Pa Ekisodo 21:22 pali nkhani ya amuna aŵili amene akumenyana. Ndiyeno wina avulaza kwambili mkazi wapakati cakuti mkaziyo wabeleka mwana nthawi isanafike. Ngati mai ndi mwana wake sanafe, mwamuna wa mkazi wovulazidwayo sanali kuloledwa kubwezela. Komabe, mwamuna amene wavulaza mai wongobeleka kumeneyo anali ‘kumulipilitsa malinga ndi zimene mwiniwake wa mkaziyo angagamule. Iye anali kulipila kudzela mwa oweluza.’ Kunena kwina tingati, oweluza m’khoti anali kuuza wovulaza mkaziyo kuti alipile faindi kwa mwamuna wa mai wovulazidwayo. Ngati mai kapena mwana wake wamwalila cifukwa covulazidwa, oweluza amodzimodzi anali kulamula kuti munthu wolakwayo aphedwe.

Zikakhala conco, oweluza osati munthu wolakwilidwa anali kugwilitsila nchito mau akuti “moyo kulipila moyo, diso kulipila diso, dzino kulipila dzino . . .” (Ekisodo 21:23, 24) Mfundo imeneyi inali kuthandiza oweluza kupeleka cilango coyenelela. Katswili wa Baibulo dzina lake Richard Elliott Friedman anakamba kuti: “Mfundo yaikulu inali yakuti cilango cimene cinali kupelekedwa cinali kufunika kukhala cofanana ndi mlandu umene munthu wacita.”

Nanga n’ciani cinacititsa kuti maganizo akuti Cilamulo ca Mulungu cimavomeleza kubwezela? N’zocititsa cidwi kuona zimene Yesu ananena pa Mateyu 5:38, 39. Iye anati: “Inu munamva kuti, ‘diso kulipila diso, ndi dzino kulipila dzino.’ Komabe ine ndikukuuzani kuti: Usalimbane ndi munthu woipa, koma wina akakumenya mbama patsaya la kumanja, umutembenuzilenso linalo.” Zioneka kuti m’malamulo ao apakamwa aphunzitsi a zipembedzo ena m’nthawi ya Yesu anaikamo mfundo yopezeka pa Ekisodo 21:23, 24 n’colinga cofuna kuvomeleza anthu kubwezela. Komabe, Yesu anafotokoza momveka bwino kuti m’Cilamulo ca Mulungu kwa Aisiraeli munalibe ciphunzitso cotelo.