Wohitamwo gute impinduro nziza ya Bibiliya?

MU NTANGO Bibiliya yanditswe mu giheburayo, mu giharameya be no mu kigiriki vya kera. Ku bw’ivyo, abantu benshi bipfuza kuyisoma bategerezwa kwikora ku mpinduro kanaka yayo.

Muri kino gihe, Bibiliya ni co gitabu cahinduwe mu ndimi nyinshi cane gusumba ibindi vyose kw’isi, ibihimba vyayo bikaba bimaze guhindurwa mu ndimi zirenga 2.400. Indimi zimwezimwe usanga zidafise impinduro imwe gusa, ahubwo zifise impinduro nyinshi. Nimba mu rurimi rwawe ushobora kuronka akaryo ko guhitamwo impinduro wokoresha, nta nkeka ko wipfuza gukoresha impinduro nziza cane gusumba izindi zose.

Kugira ngo uhitemwo neza, urakeneye kuronka inyishu z’ibibazo bikurikira: Ni ubwoko bw’impinduro butandukanye ubuhe bushobora kuboneka? Ni imice myiza be n’imice mibi iyihe ubwoko bumwebumwe bwose bw’impinduro bufise? Vyongeye, ni kubera iki ukwiye kwiyubara igihe usoma impinduro zimwezimwe za Bibiliya?

Ukurenza urugero mu buryo bubiri buhushanye

Impinduro za Bibiliya zanditswe mu buryo bwinshi, ariko zikaba mu migwi mikurumikuru itatu. Ku ruhande rumwe, hari impinduro zigizwe n’igisomwa co mu rurimi rw’intango, ugasanga munsi y’amajambo agize umurongo umwumwe wose w’ico gisomwa hari impinduro yawo y’ijambo ku rundi.

Ku rundi ruhande, hari impinduro ziserura gusa icashatse kuvugwa. Abahindura izo mpinduro usanga batitinya kuvuga mu yandi majambo ubutumwa buri muri Bibiliya nk’uko bo ubwabo babutahura, bakabigira mu buryo biyumvira ko buzoryohera abasomyi.

Umugwi ugira gatatu ugizwe n’impinduro usanga zigerageza gushiraho uburimbane hagati y’ukwo kurenza urugero kwompi. Izo mpinduro za Bibiliya zirihatira guserura insobanuro be n’akanovera vy’imvugo zakoreshejwe mu rurimi rw’intango, muri ico gihe nyene zikagerageza gutuma igisomwa coroha gusomwa.

Impinduro zihinduwe ijambo ku rindi zoba ari zo nziza kuruta izindi?

Kwumira ku guhindura Bibiliya ijambo ku rindi, akenshi usanga atari bwo buryo bwiza kuruta ubundi bwo guserura insobanuro y’umurongo umwumwe wose wo muri yo. Uti kubera iki? Hariho impamvu zitari nke zibituma. Ng’izi zibiri muri zo:

1. Nta ndimi zibiri usanga zisa neza na neza mu bijanye n’indimburo, insobanuro y’amajambo, be n’inyubako y’amungane. Uwitwa S. R. Driver, uno akaba ari umwigisha w’igiheburayo, avuga yuko indimi “zidatandukaniye gusa mu ndimburo be no ku nkomoko y’amajambo, ariko kandi ko . . . zitandukaniye mu buryo ivyiyumviro bitondekwa mu ryungane.” Abantu bavuga indimi zitandukanye biyumvira mu buryo butandukanye. Uwo mwigisha Driver abandanya avuga ati: “Ni co gituma uburyo amajambo atondekwa mu ryungane mu ndimi zitandukanye usanga atari bumwe.”

Kubera yuko ata rurimi rufise amajambo be n’indimburo bimeze neza na neza nk’ivy’igiheburayo be n’ikigiriki vyakoreshejwe mu kwandika Bibiliya, impinduro ya Bibiliya y’ijambo ku rindi yoshobora kuba iyitumvikana canke mbere igashobora guserura iciyumviro kitari co. Rimbura uburorero bukurikira.

Mw’ikete intumwa Paulo yandikiye Abanyefeso hari imvugo yakoresheje, ihinduwe ijambo ku rindi isobanura ngo “mu rudo rw’abantu.” (Abanyefeso 4:14, Impinduro y’ijambo ku rindi yitwa The Kingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures)a Iyo mvugo yerekeza ku mugenzo wo kwiba abandi ukoresheje urudo (saxe canke dés). Ariko rero mu ndimi nyinshi, uguhindura ijambo ku rindi ico kigereranyo usanga bitagira insobanuro. Uguhindura iyo mvugo ngo “amayeri y’abantu” ni bwo buryo butomoye cane bwo guserura ico isobanura.

Igihe Paulo yandikira Abaroma, yarakoresheje imvugo y’ikigiriki, ihinduwe ijambo ku rindi isobanura ngo “ku mpwemu mururumbe.” (Abaroma 12:11, Kingdom Interlinear) None mu rurimi ukoresha, wumva ayo majambo afise insobanuro? Mu bisanzwe iyo mvugo isobanura ngo “[k]ururumb[a] impwemu.”

Igihe Yezu yariko arashikiriza imwe mu nsiguro rurangiranwa yatanze, yarakoresheje imvugo ikunze guhindurwa ngo: “Hahirwa aboro mu mitima yabo.” (Matayo 5:3) Ariko rero, igihe iyo mvugo ihinduwe ijambo ku rindi usanga mu ndimi nyinshi idaserura iciyumviro gitomoye. Mu ndimi zimwezimwe, umuntu yumiye ku guhindura ijambo ku rindi iyo mvugo birashobora mbere gutanga iciyumviro c’uko abo “boro mu mitima” ari abantu b’abakehabwenge canke batagira inkomezi be n’ugushikama. Ariko rero, ico gihe Yezu yariko yigisha abantu yuko kugira ngo bagire agahimbare bitava ku kuronka ivyo bakeneye ku mubiri, ahubwo ko biva ku kwemera ko bakeneye ubuyobozi bw’Imana. (Luka 6:20) Ku bw’ivyo rero, guhindura iyo mvugo ngo “abazi ko bakeneye ivy’impwemu” canke ngo “abazi ko bakeneye Imana,” birarushiriza guserura neza insobanuro y’iyo mvugo.​—Matayo 5:3; The New Testament in Modern English.

2. Insobanuro y’ijambo rinaka canke imvugo yinaka, yoshobora guhinduka bivanye n’ibiba biriko biravugwa. Nk’akarorero, imvugo y’igiheburayo ikoreshwa mu bisanzwe mu kwerekeza ku kuboko kw’umuntu yoshobora kugira insobanuro zitandukanye. Nk’akarorero, bivanye n’ibiba biriko biravugwa, iryo jambo ryoshobora guhindurwa ngo ‘kugaba,’ ‘kugira ikiganza ciza,’ canke “ububasha.” (1 Ngoma 25:2; 1 Abami 10:13; Imigani 18:21) Kukaba nkako, iryo jambo nyene rihindurwa mu buryo butandukanye burenga 40 muri Bibiliya Les Saintes Écritures​—Traduction du monde nouveau, yo mu congereza.

Kubera yuko ibiba biriko biravugwa bishobora kugira ico bikoze ku kuntu ijambo rinaka rihindurwa, Bibiliya Traduction du monde nouveau ikoresha imvugo z’icongereza hafi 16.000 mu guhindura imvugo z’ikigiriki nka 5.500 zikoreshwa muri Bibiliya, ikongera igakoresha imvugo z’icongereza zirenga 27.000 mu guhindura imvugo z’igiheburayo zishika nka 8.500.b None ni kubera iki amajambo ahindurwa mu buryo butandukanye nk’ukwo? Komite yahinduye iyo Bibiliya yabonye ko guserura insobanuro nziza cane ishoboka hisunzwe ibiba biriko biravugwa, ari co cari ikintu gihambaye cane kuruta kwumira ku guhindura ijambo ku rindi. Ariko ntiwumve, Bibiliya Traduction du monde nouveau iragerageza uko bishoboka kwose gukoresha amajambo amwe mu guhindura mu rurimi runaka amajambo y’igiheburayo be n’ay’ikigiriki.

Biratomoye rero ko uguhindura Bibiliya bijamwo vyinshi uretse gusa ukuza urahindura mu buryo bumwe ijambo ryo mu rurimi rw’intango igihe cose riba ribonetse. Abahinduzi bategerezwa gukoresha uburimbane kugira ngo bahitemwo amajambo aserura ivyiyumviro vyo mu gisomwa co mu rurimi rw’intango mu buryo butagiramwo amakosa kandi bwumvikana. N’ikindi kandi, igihe baba bariko barahindura Bibiliya barakeneye gushira hamwe amajambo be no kwubaka amungane mu buryo buhuye n’amategeko y’indimburo yo mu rurimi baba bariko barahinduramwo.

Tuvuge iki ku bijanye n’impinduro abantu bahindura ata vyo kwitinya?

Abahinduzi bahindura Bibiliya zikunze kwitwa ngo ni iziserura gusa icashatse kuvugwa canke ngo izihindurwa ata vyo kwitinya, bariha uburenganzira bwo gufata igisomwa co mu ndimi z’intango bakagihindura uko bashaka. Uti gute? Barongeramwo ivyiyumviro bibaza ko igisomwa co mu rurimi rw’intango gishobora kuba cashatse kuvuga, canke na ho bagakuramwo amakuru amwamwe ari mu gisomwa co mu rurimi rw’intango. Impinduro mwene izo zoshobora gushimisha abantu kubera yuko ziba zoroshe gusoma. Ariko rero, rimwe na rimwe ukwo guhindura batitinya nyene, kurapfukiranya canke kugahindura insobanuro y’igisomwa co mu rurimi rw’intango.

Rimbura ukuntu Bibiliya imwe mwene iyo ihindura amajambo azwi cane yo muri rya sengesho ry’akarorero rya Yezu. Igira iti: “Data wa twese uri mw’ijuru, hishura uwo uri we.” (Matayo 6:9, The Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language) Impinduro ihindura ayo majambo ya Yezu mu buryo burushirije kuba ubutagiramwo amakosa, ihindura uwo murongo iti: “Data wa twese uri mw’ijuru, izina ryawe niryezwe.” Raba kandi ukuntu muri Yohani 17:26 hahindurwa muri Bibiliya zimwezimwe. Twisunze impinduro imwe yahinduwe ata vyo kwitinya, muri rya joro Yezu yafatirwamwo, yabwiye Se mw’isengesho ati: “Narabamenyesheje uwo uri we.” (Today’s English Version) Ariko rero, impinduro ihindura iryo sengesho rya Yezu mu buryo burushirije kuba ubwo kwizigirwa, igira iti: “Narabamenyesheje izina ryawe.” Woba ubona ukuntu mu vy’ukuri abahinduzi bamwebamwe bahisha ivy’uko Imana ifise izina rikwiye gukoreshwa kandi rigaterwa iteka?

Ni kubera iki ukwiyubara bikenewe?

Impinduro zimwezimwe zahinduwe ata vyo kwitinya zirapfukiranya ingingo ngenderwako z’ivy’ukwigenza runtu ziserurwa mu gisomwa co mu rurimi rw’intango. Nk’akarorero, Bibiliya yitwa The Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language ivuga mu 1 Abakorinto 6:9, 10 iti: “Ntimutahura yuko ubwo atari bwo buryo bwo kubaho? Abantu batagororotse batitaho Imana ntibazoja mu bwami bwayo. Abagiriranira nabi, abakoresha nabi igitsina, abakoresha nabi isi n’ikintu cose kiri muri yo, ntibabereye kuba abenegihugu mu bwami bw’Imana.”

Nugereranye uburyo iyo Bibiliya yahinduye iyo mirongo be n’uburyo burushirije kuba ubutagiramwo amakosa Bibiliya Traduction du monde nouveau yayihinduyemwo, iti: “Ngw’iki! Ntimuzi ko abatagororotse batazotorana ubwami bw’Imana? Ntimuzimizwe. Nta basambanyi, nta basenga ibigirwamana, nta barenga ibigo, nta bagabo babikirwa kugirwako ibidasanzwe bigirwa, nta bagabo baryamana n’abagabo, nta bisuma, nta banyamunoho, nta mborerwa, nta batukanyi, nta banyazi bazotorana ubwami bw’Imana.” Urabona yuko ivyo bintu vy’ido n’ido intumwa Paulo yashize ahabona ku bijanye neza na neza n’ingeso dukwiye kwirinda, bitanavugwa muri ya Bibiliya yahindurwa ata vyo kwitinya.

Ukuntu umuhinduzi atahura inyigisho zinaka z’ivy’idini na vyo nyene birashobora kugira ico bikoze ku vyo ahindura. Nk’akarorero, Bibiliya yitwa Today’s English Version, iyo abantu benshi bakunze kwita Good News Bible, ivuga ko Yezu yabwiye abayoboke biwe ati: “Mwinjirane mw’irembo ryaga, kubera yuko irembo rijana mu muriro udahera ryagutse kandi inzira ishikana kuri ryo ikaba yoroshe gucamwo, kandi icamwo abantu benshi.” (Matayo 7:13) Abayihinduye barongeyemwo imvugo “umuriro udahera” naho inkuru yo muri Matayo yoyo ivuga itomora ko ari “amahonero.” None ni kubera iki babigize gutyo? Birashoboka ko ari kubera yuko bashaka gushigikira iciyumviro c’uko inkozi z’ikibi zitazosangangurwa, ahubwo ko zizobabazwa ibihe bidahera.c

Ingene womenya impinduro nziza gusumba izindi

Bibiliya yanditswe hakoreshejwe imvugo zimenyerewe kandi zo mu buzima bwa misi yose zakoreshwa n’abantu basanzwe, nk’abarimyi, abungere be n’abarovyi. (Nehemiya 8:8, 12; Ibikorwa 4:13) Ku bw’ivyo rero, impinduro nziza ya Bibiliya ni iyituma abantu b’imitima nziraburyarya bashobora gutahura ubutumwa buri muri yo, ata kurinda kuraba aho bakuriye canke ivyo bakuriyemwo. Impinduro nziza ikwiye kandi kuba irangwa n’ibi bintu:

◗ Guserura mu buryo butagiramwo amakosa ubutumwa bwahumetswe n’Imana bwo mu gisomwa co mu rurimi rw’intango.​—2 Timoteyo 3:16.

◗ Guhindura ijambo ku rindi insobanuro y’amajambo igihe imvugo zo mu gisomwa co mu rurimi rw’intango be n’ukuntu amungane yubatse bituma bishoboka ko ihindurwa ijambo ku rindi mu rurimi Bibiliya iba iriko irahindurwamwo.

◗ Gushikiriza insobanuro y’ukuri y’ijambo rinaka canke imvugo yinaka igihe ivyo guhindura ijambo ku rindi imvugo yo mu rurimi rw’intango vyohava bihindura insobanuro yayo canke bigatuma idatomoka.

◗ Gukoresha imvugo isanzwe kandi yoroshe gutahura, ituma abantu boroherwa no gusoma.

None mwene iyo mpinduro yoba ihari? Abantu amamiliyoni basoma iki kinyamakuru bahitamwo gukoresha Bibiliya Traduction du monde nouveau. Uti kubera iki? Kubera yuko bemeranya n’uburyo komite yahinduye iyo Bibiliya yakoresheje, nk’uko bwerekanwa mu majambo y’intango ari mu nteguro yayo ya mbere yo mu congereza. Agira ati: “Ntidupfa guserura gusa ivyo twiyumvira ko Ivyanditswe bisobanura. Muri iyi Bibiliya yose twaragize akigoro ko guhindura igisomwa ijambo ku rindi uko bishoboka kwose, aho imvugo yo mu congereza co muri kino gihe ituma ivyo bishoboka be n’aho guhindura ijambo ku rindi bidatuma iciyumviro gipfukiranywa mu buryo na bumwe.”

Bibiliya Traduction du monde nouveau yaracapuwe yaba yose canke igice cayo, mu ndimi zirenga 60, hakaba hamaze gucapurwa amakopi arenga 145.000.000. Nimba iyo Bibiliya iboneka mu rurimi ukoresha, ubona gute usavye Ivyabona vya Yehova bakakuronsa ikopi yayo maze ukibonera ingene iyo mpinduro yahinduwe mu buryo butagiramwo amakosa ari ngirakamaro?

Abantu b’umutima nziraburyarya biga Bibiliya baripfuza gutahura ubutumwa Imana yahumetse, bakipfuza no kubaho babwisunga. Nimba uri umuntu mwene uyo, urakeneye impinduro ya Bibiliya itagiramwo amakosa. Mu vy’ukuri, urabereye kuronka Bibiliya mwene iyo!

[Utujambo tw’epfo]

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Impinduro zahinduwe ata vyo kwitinya zoshobora gushimisha abantu kubera yuko ziba zoroshe gusoma. Ariko rero, rimwe na rimwe ukwo guhindura batitinya nyene, kurapfukiranya canke kugahindura insobanuro y’igisomwa co mu rurimi rw’intango

[Ifoto ku rup. 22]

Bibiliya Les Saintes Écritures​—Traduction du monde nouveau yaracapuwe yaba yose canke igice cayo, mu ndimi zirenga 60, hakaba hamaze gucapurwa amakopi arenga 145.000.000

[Uruzitiro ku rup. 20]

IMPINDURO ZA KERA ZISERURA GUSA ICASHATSE KUVUGWA

Impinduro za Bibiliya ziserura gusa icashatse kuvugwa, izitwa kandi impinduro zahinduwe ata vyo kwitinya, si iz’ubu gusa. Mu bihe vya kera, Abayuda barashize hamwe ivyitwa muri kino gihe ngo ni ibihimba vy’Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo vyahinduwe mu giharameya, mu yindi mvugo bikaba vyitwa impinduro z’Ivyanditswe zijoboroye ziserura gusa icashatse kuvugwa. Naho izo mpinduro zitahinduwe mu buryo butagiramwo amakosa, zirahishura ukuntu Abayuda batahura imirongo imwimwe yo mu Vyanditswe zikongera zigafasha abahinduzi kumenya insobanuro y’imirongo imwimwe igoye gutahura. Nk’akarorero, muri Yobu 38:7, “abana b’Imana” basigurwa ko ari “imigwi y’abamarayika.” Mw’​Itanguriro 10:9, vya bihimba vy’Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo vyahinduwe mu giharameya vyerekana ko akajambo k’igiheburayo kakoreshejwe mu kudondora Nimurodi gatekeye iciyumviro gifise insobanuro mbi, ico na co kikaba ari “ukurwanya,” aho gupfa gusigura gusa ngo “imbere.” Izo mpinduro zakoreshwa ziri kumwe n’igisomwa ca Bibiliya, ariko ntizigeze zikoreshwa mu ntumbero yo gusubirira Bibiliya ubwayo.

[Ifoto]

IGIHIMBA CA BIBILIYA YITWA “BIBLIA POLYGLOTTA,” YANDITSWE NA WALTON, IKABA YARANGIYE KWANDIKWA MU 1657, KIRIKO YOBU 38:1-15

Igisomwa ca Bibiliya canditswe mu giheburayo (munsi y’umurongo umwumwe wose hakaba hari impinduro yawo y’ijambo ku rindi mu kilatini)

Igisomwa nk’ico nyene cahinduwe mu giharameya

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IGIHIMBA CA YA MPINDURO Y’IJAMBO KU RINDI YITWA “THE KINGDOM INTERLINEAR TRANSLATION OF THE GREEK SCRIPTURES,” KIRIKO ABANYEFESO 4:14

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Inkingi y’ibubamfu yerekana ukuntu uwo murongo wahinduwe ijambo ku rindi. Inkingi y’iburyo na yo yerekana ukuntu uwo murongo wahinduwe hisunzwe insobanuro yawo

[Abo dukesha ifoto ku rup. 18]

Umuzingo uri inyuma: Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Jerusalem