Igice cya 10

Bakomeje kunguka ubumenyi nyakuri ku byerekeye ukuri

ABAHAMYA BA YEHOVA ntibadukanye inyigisho nshya, uburyo bushya bwo gusenga cyangwa idini rishya. Ahubwo, amateka yabo yo muri iki gihe agaragaza ko bashyizeho imihati ivuye ku mutima kugira ngo bigishe ibikubiye mu Ijambo ry’Imana ryahumetswe ari ryo Bibiliya. Imyizerere yabo yose ishingiye kuri Bibiliya kandi ni yo ibayobora mu mibereho yabo. Aho kugira ngo bagire imyizerere igaragaza umwuka w’abantu bo muri iyi si wo korora ibibi, bakoze uko bashoboye kugira ngo bahuze imibereho yabo n’inyigisho zo muri Bibiliya, kandi nanone bigane Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere.

Mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1870, Charles Taze Russell na bagenzi be batangiye gahunda yo kwiga Bibiliya babishishikariye. Batahuye ko amadini yiyita aya gikristo yari yaratandukiriye cyane inyigisho n’imibereho by’Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere. Umuvandimwe Russell ntiyigeze avuga ko ari we wa mbere wabibonye. Ahubwo yivugiye ko ashimira cyane abandi bantu bamufashije muri iyo myaka ya mbere agitangira kwiga Ibyanditswe. Yashimiye abantu batandukanye baharaniye Ivugurura kubera imihati bashyizeho kugira ngo batume umucyo w’ukuri urushaho kumurika. Yarondoye amazina y’abo bagabo bamurutaga mu myaka, urugero nka Jonas Wendell, George Stetson, George Storrs na Nelson Barbour, bamufashije mu buryo butandukanye gusobanukirwa inyigisho zo mu Ijambo ry’Imana.a

Nanone yaravuze ati “inyigisho twizera zishobora gusa n’aho ari nshya cyangwa zitandukanye n’iz’abandi, mu by’ukuri hari n’abandi bazizeraga kera cyane. Muri izo nyigisho harimo nk’ivuga ibyo gutoranywa, ubuntu bw’Imana, gusubiza ibintu mu buryo, kubarwaho gukiranuka, kwezwa, umuzuko no guhabwa ikuzo.” Icyakora, incuro nyinshi wasangaga idini rimwe risobanukiwe cyane inyigisho imwe yo muri Bibiliya n’irindi rifite indi nyigisho risobanukiwe cyane. Icyatumaga ayo madini adakomeza gusobanukirwa ukuri, ni uko yakomeje kwizirika ku nyigisho zakomokaga muri Babuloni no muri Egiputa bya kera, cyangwa zakomotse ku bahanga mu bya filozofiya b’Abagiriki.

Ariko se ni irihe tsinda ryari kuyoborwa n’umwuka w’Imana, maze buhoro buhoro rikongera gukomeza “icyitegererezo cy’amagambo mazima” yose Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bahaga agaciro kenshi (2 Tim 1:13)? Ni ba nde bari gukomeza kugendera mu nzira imeze “nk’umucyo ukomeza kugenda wiyongera kugeza ku manywa y’ihangu” (Imig 4:18)? Mu by’ukuri se, ni ba nde bari gukora umurimo Yesu yashinze abigishwa be, igihe yavugaga ati “muzambera abahamya . . . kugera mu turere twa kure cyane tw’isi?” Ni ba nde bari guhindura abantu abigishwa kandi ‘bakabigisha gukurikiza ibyo [Yesu] yabategetse byose’ (Ibyak 1:8; Mat 28:19, 20)? Ese igihe cyari kigeze ngo Umwami agaragaze aho Abakristo b’ukuri bagereranywa n’ingano, batandukaniye n’ab’ibinyoma bagereranywa n’urumamfu? Iyo urumamfu rukiri ruto ruba rusa neza neza nk’ingano, bigatandukana ari uko bimaze gukura (Mat 13:24-30, 36-43).b Ni nde wari kugaragaza ko ari we “mugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge,” Shebuja ari we Yesu Kristo, yari guha izindi nshingano zifitanye isano n’umurimo wahanuwe ko wari kuzakorwa mu minsi y’imperuka mu gihe cy’ukuhaba kwe ari Umwami?—Mat 24:3, 45-47.

Bararetse umucyo wabo uramurika

Yesu yategetse abigishwa be kugeza ku bandi umucyo w’ukuri guturuka ku Mana bari baramwumvanye. Yarababwiye ati “muri umucyo w’isi . . . mujye mureka umucyo wanyu umurikire abantu” (Mat 5:14-16; Ibyak 13:47). Charles Taze Russell na bagenzi be bumvaga ko bafite inshingano yo kureka uwo mucyo ukamurika.

Ese batekerezaga ko bari bafite ibisubizo by’ibibazo byose, mbese ko bari bafite umucyo wuzuye w’ukuri? Umuvandimwe Russell yashubije icyo kibazo agira ati “si ko biri; kandi ntituzagira umucyo wuzuye, keretse nitugera ‘ku manywa y’ihangu’” (Imig 4:18). Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bakundaga kwerekeza ku myizerere yabo ishingiye ku Byanditswe bakayita “ukuri ko muri iki gihe,” badashaka kumvikanisha igitekerezo cy’uko ukuri ubwako guhindagurika, ahubwo bashaka kuvuga ko bagendaga barushaho gusobanukirwa uko kuri.

Abigishwa ba Bibiliya b’imitima itaryarya bemeraga igitekerezo cy’uko ukuri mu birebana n’idini kubaho. Bemeraga ko Yehova ari we “Mana ivugisha ukuri” kandi ko Bibiliya ari Ijambo ryayo ry’ukuri (Zab 31:5; Yos 21:45; Yoh 17:17). Nubwo basanze hari byinshi bari batazi, ntibyababujije kubwira abandi ibyo bari baramaze kumenya muri Bibiliya, bakabivugana icyizere. Iyo babonaga inyigisho n’imigenzo by’amadini binyuranye n’ibyo Ijambo ry’Imana ryahumetswe rivuga, biganaga Yesu Kristo, bakanyomoza ibyo binyoma nubwo byatumaga abayobozi b’amadini babanga kandi bakabagira urw’amenyo.—Mat 15:3-9.

Muri Nyakanga 1879, C. T. Russell yatangiye kwandika igazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi kugira ngo ageze ku bandi amafunguro yo mu buryo bw’umwuka.

Bibiliya ni Ijambo ry’Imana koko

Kuba Charles Taze Russell yarizeraga Bibiliya ntibyaterwaga n’uko yagenderaga ku bitekerezo byemerwaga n’abantu benshi icyo gihe. Ahubwo wasangaga icyo gihe abantu benshi bajora Bibiliya. Abajoraga Bibiliya bashidikanyaga ku kuri kw’inkuru zivugwamo.

Russell akiri muto yagiye mu idini ry’Abakongeregasiyonalisiti, ariko inyigisho zidahuje n’ubwenge zo muri iryo dini zatumye ahinduka umwemeragato. Yabonye nta washoboraga gusobanura ibyo bari baramwigishije akoresheje Bibiliya. Ibyo byatumye yanga inyigisho z’iryo dini na Bibiliya. Nyuma y’ibyo yagenzuye amadini akomeye y’Iburasirazuba, ariko na bwo ntiyanyurwa. Hanyuma yatangiye kwibaza niba inyigisho z’amadini yiyita aya gikristo atari zo zigoreka Bibiliya. Umunsi umwe ari nimugoroba yagiye mu materaniro y’Abadivantisiti, kandi ibyo yumvise byamuteye inkunga atangira kwiga Bibiliya abyitondeye. Ntiyatinze kubona ko Bibiliya ari Ijambo ry’Imana ryahumetswe.

Yatangajwe n’ukuntu ibiri muri Bibiliya byuzuzanya kandi atangazwa n’imico y’Imana yandikishije icyo gitabo. Nyuma yaho, yaje kwandika igitabo cyasohotse mu mwaka wa 1886 kugira ngo afashe abandi gusobanukirwa Bibiliya (Le divin Plan des Âges). Muri icyo gitabo yasuzumye mu buryo burambuye “Impamvu zemeza ko Bibiliya yahumetswe n’Imana.” Ku mpera z’icyo gice, yasobanuye mu buryo bwumvikana neza ati “ubuhamya burambuye bukubiye muri Bibiliya burimbitse, bufite imbaraga kandi bukubiyemo ubwenge ku buryo butwemeza neza ko itanditswe n’umuntu, ahubwo ko Imana Ishoborabyose ari yo yayanditse, igashyiramo imigambi yayo n’ibyo yahishuye.”

Kwizera ko Bibiliya yose ari Ijambo ry’Imana, ni byo byakomeje kuba nk’ibuye ry’ifatizo rikomeza imyizerere y’Abahamya ba Yehova bo muri iki gihe. Aho bari ku isi hose, bafite ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho bibafasha gusuzuma ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Bibiliya yahumetswe n’Imana. Mu magazeti yabo hakunze gusohokamo ingingo zivuga kuri Bibiliya. Mu mwaka wa 1969, Abahamya ba Yehova basohoye igitabo kivuga ko Bibiliya ari Ijambo ry’Imana (La Bible est-elle vraiment la Parole de Dieu?). Hashize imyaka makumyabiri, hasohotse igitabo cyavugaga ko Bibiliya ari Ijambo ry’Imana atari iry’abantu (La Bible: Parole de Dieu ou des hommes?). Icyo gitabo cyatanze n’ibindi bimenyetso byemeza ko ibivugwa muri Bibiliya ari ukuri, maze kigera ku mwanzuro w’uko Bibiliya ari Ijambo ry’Imana ryahumetswe. Ikindi gitabo banditse gisobanura ko Bibiliya ari Ijambo ry’Imana ryahumetswe cyasohotse bwa mbere mu mwaka wa 1963, kiza kuvugururwa mu wa 1990 (“Toute Écriture est inspirée de Dieu et utile”). Hanyuma mu mwaka wa 1988, basohoye igitabo gisobanura Bibiliya mu buryo burambuye (Étude perspicace des Écritures).

Abahamya ba Yehova bize ibitabo nk’ibyo mu cyigisho cya bwite cyangwa mu itorero, bemera ko nubwo hari abantu bagera kuri 40 bakoreshejwe mu kwandika ibitabo 66 bigize Bibiliya mu gihe cy’ibinyejana 16, Imana ari yo yayoboye umurimo wo kwandika Bibiliya binyuze ku mwuka wayo. Intumwa Pawulo yaranditse ati “Ibyanditswe byera byose byahumetswe n’Imana” (2 Tim 3:16; 2 Pet 1:20, 21). Kuba Abahamya ba Yehova bemera ko Bibiliya yahumetswe n’Imana bigira uruhare rukomeye mu mibereho yabo. Ikinyamakuru cyo mu Bwongereza cyagize icyo kibivugaho kigira kiti “ibyo Abahamya bakora byose baba bafite impamvu ishingiye kuri Bibiliya. Ikintu cy’ibanze bahuriyeho ni ukwemera ko Bibiliya ari ukuri.”

Bamenya Imana y’ukuri

Uko umuvandimwe Russell na bagenzi be bakomezaga kwiga Ibyanditswe, ntibatinze kubona ko Imana ivugwa muri Bibiliya itandukanye n’iyo mu madini yiyita aya gikristo. Icyo ni ikintu cy’ingenzi kuko nk’uko Yesu Kristo yabivuze, kugira ngo abantu bazabone ubuzima bw’iteka bagomba kumenya Imana y’ukuri yonyine, bakamenya n’uwo yatumye, ari na we Mukozi Mukuru uzabahesha agakiza (Yoh 17:3; Heb 2:10). C. T. Russell na bagenzi be bafatanyaga kwiga Bibiliya, babonye ko ubutabera bw’Imana bujyanirana n’ubwenge bwayo, urukundo rwayo n’imbaraga zayo, kandi ko iyo mico yose igaragarira mu byo ikora byose. Bashingiye ku byo bari bamaze kumenya ku birebana n’umugambi w’Imana, banditse igitabo cy’amapaji 162 basobanura impamvu Imana ireka imibabaro ikabaho (Food for Thinking Christians). Icyo ni kimwe mu bitabo bya mbere banditse kandi ni cyo cyakwirakwijwe cyane kurusha ibindi icyo gihe. Cyasohotse bwa mbere muri Nzeri 1881, ari inomero idasanzwe y’Umunara w’Umurinzi w’i Siyoni.

Kwiga Ijambo ry’Imana byabafashije kumenya ko Umuremyi wacu afite izina bwite, kandi ko aha abantu uburyo bwo kumumenya, bakagirana na yo imishyikirano ya bugufi (1 Ngoma 28:9; Yes 55:6; Yak 4:8). Umunara w’Umurinzi wo mu kwezi k’Ukwakira n’Ugushyingo 1881, waravuze uti “nta wundi witwa YEHOVA uretse Data, Usumbabyose, uwo Yesu yitaga Se, akamwita Imana.”—Zab 83:18; Yoh 20:17.

Umwaka wakurikiyeho, hashubijwe ikibazo kibaza kiti “harya muvuga ko Bibiliya itigisha ko Imana igizwe n’abaperisona batatu?” Dore igisubizo batanze: “yego, Bibiliya ivuga ko hariho Imana imwe ari na yo Se w’Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo, ari na yo yaremye byose. Twizera ko hariho Imana imwe, Data, tukizera ko hariho n’Umwami umwe ari we Yesu Kristo . . . Ariko abo ni babiri ntabwo ari umuntu umwe. Baba umwe mu buryo bw’uko buzuzanya. Nanone twemera ko hariho umwuka w’Imana . . . Ariko uwo mwuka si umuperisona nk’uko umwuka w’abadayimoni, umwuka w’isi cyangwa umwuka wa Antikristo na yo atari abaperisona.”—Umunara w’Umurinzi wo muri Kamena 1882; Yoh 17:20-22.

Babonaga ko izina ry’Imana rifite agaciro kenshi

Buhoro buhoro, Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bagendaga barushaho gusobanukirwa agaciro Ibyanditswe byahumetswe biha izina bwite ry’Imana. Iryo zina ryagiye ripfukiranwa n’ubuhinduzi bumwe na bumwe bwa Bibiliya mu cyongereza, urugero nka Bibiliya ya Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma yahinduwe n’uwitwa Douay n’iy’Abaporotesitanti yitwa King James. Ni na ko byaje kugenda no ku zindi Bibiliya zahinduwe mu ndimi nyinshi mu kinyejana cya 20. Icyakora ubundi buhinduzi bwa Bibiliya ndetse n’ibindi bitabo bisobanura Bibiliya, bihamya ko iryo zina Yehova riboneka incuro zibariwa mu bihumbi mu mwandiko w’umwimerere Bibiliya yanditswemo. Mu by’ukuri, iryo zina ribonekamo incuro nyinshi kurusha irindi zina iryo ari ryo ryose, kurusha ndetse incuro amazina y’icyubahiro yose hamwe abonekamo, urugero nk’Imana cyangwa Umwami. Bagendaga barushaho kubona ko izina ry’Imana rifite agaciro kubera ko bari “ubwoko bwitirirwa izina ryayo” (Ibyak 15:14). Mu Munara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Mutarama 1926, bagaragaje ikibazo batekerezaga ko kireba umuntu wese, cyagiraga kiti “ni nde uzahesha Yehova icyubahiro?”

Kuba baribandaga cyane ku izina ry’Imana, ntibyaterwaga gusa n’ubumenyi bari bafite mu by’idini. Ahubwo nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gitabo gisobanura ubuhanuzi cyasohotse mu mwaka wa 1929 (Prophétie), ikibazo cy’ingenzi kireba ibiremwa byose bifite ubwenge, gifitanye isano n’izina rya Yehova Imana ndetse n’ijambo rye. Abahamya ba Yehova batsindagiriza ko Bibiliya igaragaza ko buri wese agomba kumenya izina ry’Imana kandi akabona ko ari iryera (Mat 6:9; Ezek 39:7). Rigomba kuvanwaho umugayo ryashyizweho n’abantu basuzugura Yehova ku mugaragaro, hamwe n’abandi bamugaragaza uko atari binyuze ku nyigisho n’ibikorwa byabo (Ezek 38:23; Rom 2:24). Abahamya bemera ko Ibyanditswe bigaragaza ko ibyaremwe byose byo mu ijuru no ku isi bizabaho neza ari uko izina rya Yehova rimaze kwezwa.

Nanone basobanukiwe ko abahamya ba Yehova bafite inshingano ishimishije yo kubwira abandi ukuri ku bimwerekeyeho mbere y’uko arimbura ababi. Ibyo ni byo Abahamya ba Yehova bakomeje gukora hirya no hino ku isi. Ubu ku isi hose iyo abantu bumvise umuntu ukoresha izina Yehova, bahita bumva ko ari Umuhamya wa Yehova bitewe n’ishyaka ryinshi bagize muri uwo murimo.

Bagaragaza ko inyigisho y’Ubutatu ari ikinyoma

Kubera ko C. T. Russell na bagenzi be bari abahamya ba Yehova, bumvaga bafite inshingano ikomeye yo gushyira ahagaragara inyigisho zivuga Imana uko itari, kugira ngo bafashe abantu bakunda ukuri kubona ko izo nyigisho zidashingiye kuri Bibiliya. Si bo ba mbere bari batahuye ko inyigisho y’Ubutatu idashingiye ku Byanditswe.c Ariko bumvaga ko niba mu by’ukuri ari abagaragu b’Imana b’indahemuka bafite inshingano yo kumenyesha abandi ukuri kuri iyo ngingo. Kugira ngo bafashe abakunda ukuri bose, bagaragaje ko iyo nyigisho ihuriweho n’amadini yiyita aya gikristo, ikomoka mu bapagani.

Umunara w’Umurinzi wo muri Kamena 1882 wagize uti “abahanga benshi mu bya filozofiya b’abapagani babonye ko byari kubabera byiza bifatanyije n’idini ryari rifite imbaraga icyo gihe [Abakristo b’abahakanyi bari bashyigikiwe n’abami b’Abaroma mu kinyejana cya kane]. Abo bahanga bashatse uburyo bworoshye bwo kubigeraho, bashakisha aho Ubukristo buhuriye n’ubupagani, kugira ngo bazabihuze bibe idini rimwe. Kandi rwose bageze ku cyo bifuzaga. . . . Kubera ko tewolojiya y’abapagani yarimo imana nyinshi n’imana bantu z’ibitsina byombi, abapagani b’Abakristo (reka abe ari ko tubita) batangiye gukora urutonde rushya rw’imana zikubiye muri tewolojiya nshya. Icyo gihe ni bwo bahimbye inyigisho y’Imana eshatu: Imana Data, Imana Mwana n’Imana Roho Mutagatifu.”

Bamwe mu bayobozi b’amadini bagerageje kugaragaza ko inyigisho yabo ihuje na Bibiliya bifashishije 1 Yohana 5:7. Icyakora umuvandimwe Russell yatanze ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko intiti mu bya Bibiliya zizi neza ko igice kimwe cy’uwo murongo kigizwe n’amagambo yongewemo nyuma n’uwandukuye uwo murongo ashaka gushyigikira iyo nyigisho ubundi itarabonekaga mu Byanditswe. Hari n’abandi bifashishaga amagambo yo muri Yohana 1:1 kugira ngo bashyigikire inyigisho y’Ubutatu. Ariko Umunara w’Umurinzi wasesenguye ibivugwa muri uwo murongo n’indi iwukikije, ugaragaza ko uwo murongo udashyigikira inyigisho y’Ubutatu. Umunara w’Umurinzi wo muri Nyakanga 1883 na wo waravuze uti “abantu bose basobanukirwa neza iyo ngingo baramutse bakoze ubushakashatsi bwimbitse muri Bibiliya, aho kubukorera mu bitabo by’idini. Inyigisho y’Ubutatu ihabanye rwose n’Ibyanditswe.”

Umuvandimwe Russell yavuze yeruye ko byaba ari ubupfapfa umuntu aramutse avuze ko yemera Bibiliya ariko akigisha inyigisho y’Ubutatu inyuranye n’ibyo Bibiliya ivuga. Yaranditse ati “abavuga ko Yesu na Se ari Imana imwe, baba mu rujijo rukomeye kandi bakivuguruza cyane! Ibyo byaba byumvikanisha ko Umwami wacu Yesu yari indyarya, kuko igihe yari hano ku isi yaba yarasengaga Imana ajijisha kandi we ubwe ari Imana. . . . Byongeye kandi, Se ntashobora gupfa. None se Yesu yashoboraga gupfa ate? Niba Yesu atarapfuye, ubuhamya bwose intumwa ze zatanze zivuga ko yapfuye kandi akazuka bwaba ari ikinyoma. Ariko Ibyanditswe bigaragaza neza ko yapfuye.”d

Bityo rero, kuva Abahamya ba Yehova bo muri iki gihe bagitangira, bamaganye inyigisho y’Ubutatu y’amadini yiyita aya gikristo, bahitamo kuyoborwa n’inyigisho zo muri Bibiliya zishyize mu gaciro kandi zisusurutsa umutima.e Umurimo bakoze wo gutangaza uko kuri kugira ngo abantu aho bari hose bashobore kukumva, waragutse cyane ku rugero rutigeze rugerwaho n’undi muntu uwo ari we wese cyangwa itsinda ry’abantu, haba mu gihe cya kera no muri iki gihe.

Abapfuye bari mu yihe mimerere?

Kuva C. T. Russell akiri muto, yahangayikishwaga cyane no kumenya uko bizagendekera abantu batemeye uburyo Imana yateganyije bwo gutanga agakiza. Akiri umwana muto, yemeraga ibyo abayobozi b’idini bavugaga ku birebana n’umuriro w’ikuzimu, agatekereza ko bigishaga Ijambo ry’Imana. Yajyaga hanze nijoro agafata ingwa akandika imirongo yo muri Bibiliya ahantu hagaragara, ku buryo abahisi n’abagenzi bashobora kuyibona bikababera umuburo, bakazarokoka igihano giteye ubwoba cyo kubabazwa iteka.

Umwe muri bagenzi ba Russell yavuze ko Russell amaze kwibonera icyo mu by’ukuri Bibiliya yigisha, yavuze ati “niba Bibiliya yigisha ko abantu bose bazababazwa iteka uretse abera, twagombye kubitanganza duhagaze hejuru y’inzu, tukabitangaza buri cyumweru, buri munsi na buri saha. Ariko niba atari byo yigisha, na byo twagombye kubimenyesha abantu, bityo izina ryera ry’Imana rigakurwaho umugayo.”

C. T. Russell agitangira kwiga Bibiliya, yahise asobanukirwa ko ikuzimu atari ahantu ubugingo bw’abantu bubabarizwa iyo bamaze gupfa. Birashoboka cyane ko George Storrs wari umwanditsi mukuru w’ikinyamakuru cyasesenguraga Bibiliya (Bible Examiner) wari waranditse ibintu byinshi yasobanukiwe muri Bibiliya ku birebana n’imimerere y’abapfuye, ari we wamufashije kubisobanukirwa. Umuvandimwe Russell yamuvuze kenshi mu nyandiko ze amushimira.

Bite se ku birebana n’ubugingo? Ese Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bari bashyigikiye inyigisho ivuga ko umwuka ari kimwe mu bice bigize umuntu, gikomeza kubaho iyo umubiri umaze gupfa? Oya, ahubwo Umunara w’Umurinzi wo mu mwaka wa 1903, waranditse uti “isomo tugomba kuzirikana ni iri: umuntu ntafite ubugingo, ahubwo umuntu wese ni ubugingo. Reka dufate urugero rw’ibintu bisanzwe: umwuka duhumeka ugizwe na ogisijeni na azote, kandi muri ibyo byombi nta na kimwe wavuga ko ari ikirere. Ariko iyo byombi bihuriye hamwe, ku bipimo bikwiriye byo mu rwego rwa shimi, ni byo biba ikirere. Ubugingo na bwo ni uko. Imana iyo ituvugisha iba ibona ko buri wese muri twe ari ubugingo. Ntivugana n’imibiri yacu cyangwa umwuka wacu, ahubwo ivugana natwe ibona ko turi ibiremwa bifite ubwenge, cyangwa ko turi ubugingo. Igihe Imana yabwiraga Adamu ibizamugeraho naramuka yishe itegeko ryayo, ntiyabwiye umubiri wa Adamu, ahubwo yabwiye Adamu wari ubugingo cyangwa ikiremwa gifite ubwenge. Imana yaramubwiye iti “umunsi wakiriyeho no gupfa uzapfa.” Nanone Bibiliya iravuga iti “ubugingo bukora icyaha ni bwo buzapfa.”—Intang 2:17; Ezek 18:20. Ibyo bihuje n’ibyo Umunara w’Umurinzi wari waravuze muri Mata 1881.f

None se inyigisho ivuga ko ubugingo bw’abantu budapfa yaje ite? Yazanywe na nde? Umuvandimwe Russell amaze gusuzuma Bibiliya n’amateka y’amadini abyitondeye, yanditse mu Munara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 15 Mata 1894 ati “uko bigaragara iyo nyigisho ntiyaturutse muri Bibiliya . . . Bibiliya igaragaza neza ko umuntu ashobora gupfa. . . . Iyo dusuzumye amateka, tubona ko inyigisho yuko abantu badapfa ari yo nyigisho y’ibanze mu madini yose ya gipagani, nubwo abahamya b’Imana bahumekewe batigeze bayigisha. . . . Ubwo rero, Socrates na Plato si bo ba mbere badukanye iyo nyigisho, ahubwo hari undi muhanga wayigishije mbere yabo kandi abikorana ubuhanga. . . . Inkuru ya mbere ivuga iby’iyo nyigisho tuyisanga mu gitabo cy’amateka cya kera cyane kurusha ibindi, ari cyo Bibiliya. Iyo nyigisho y’ikinyoma yazanywe na Satani.”g

Yamennye “amazi” mu muriro w’ikuzimu

Kubera ko umuvandimwe Russell yifuzaga cyane kuvanaho ikizinga cyashyizwe ku izina ry’Imana bitewe n’inyigisho ivuga ko abantu babarizwa iteka mu muriro w’ikuzimu, yanditse inkuru y’Ubwami yarimo ingingo ivuga ngo “Ese Ibyanditswe byigisha ko ibihembo by’abanyabyaha ari ukubabazwa iteka?” (The Old Theology, 1889) Yaranditse ati

“Inyigisho ivuga ko abantu bababazwa iteka yaturutse mu bapagani. Ariko uko abapagani bumvaga iyo nyigisho, byari bitandukanye n’inyigisho irangwa n’ubugome yaje kwigishwa nyuma yaho, igihe iyo nyigisho yinjizwaga buhoro buhoro mu nyigisho z’abiyitaga Abakristo mu kinyejana cya kabiri, igihe Ubukristo bwivangaga na filozofiya z’abapagani. Mu gihe cy’ubuhakanyi bukomeye bafashe filozofiya y’abapagani bayongeramo ibintu biteye ubwoba, ihinduka inyigisho ubu yemerwa n’abantu benshi. Ibyo bitekerezo by’ubugome bongereye muri iyo nyigisho batangiye kubishushanya ku nkuta za kiliziya z’i Burayi, babyandika mu bitabo byabo by’inyigisho n’indirimbo, nuko bagoreka Ijambo ry’Imana, batuma risa naho rishyigikiye iyo nyigisho itesha Imana agaciro. Kuba abantu benshi muri iki gihe bemera iyo nyigisho batazuyaje, si uko yakomotse ku Mwami cyangwa ku ntumwa cyangwa ku bahanuzi, ahubwo ni ukubera ko habayeho guteshuka, abantu bagatandukira ukuri bakagoreka mu buryo buteye isoni inyigisho z’Ubukristo zihuje n’ubwenge, bagamije intego mbi no kugira ububasha n’ubutunzi, no kongera umubare w’abayoboke. Abakurambere bo mu bihe bya kera n’abahanuzi b’Abayahudi ntibari bazi iby’iyo nyigisho y’uko abantu bababazwa iteka, kandi Umwami n’intumwa ze na bo ntibigeze babimenya. Ariko kuva hatangira igihe cy’ubuhakanyi bukomeye, yahindutse inyigisho y’ishingiro mu madini yiyita aya gikristo. Iyo nyigisho yabaye icyorezo ituma abantu bakunda kwemera ibintu buhumyi, bari mu bujiji kandi bagendera ku miziririzo, bashyirwa mu bubata ndetse n’iterabwoba! Abantu bose barwanyaga ubutware bwa Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma cyangwa bakabuhinyura yabaciragaho iteka ryo kuzababazwa iteka, kandi ikurikije ububasha yari ifite yatangiraga kubababaza bakiri bazima.”

Umuvandimwe Russell yari asobanukiwe neza ko abantu benshi bashyira mu gaciro, mu by’ukuri batemeraga iyo nyigisho y’umuriro w’ikuzimu. Ariko mu gatabo yasohoye mu mwaka wa 1896 kasobanuraga icyo Bibiliya ivuga ku birebana n’ikuzimu (L’Enfer — ce que dit l’Écriture sainte au sujet de “l’Enfer”), yaranditse ati “kubera ko batekereza ko iyo nyigisho ituruka kuri Bibiliya, uko barushaho kunguka ubumenyi nyakuri bakanasobanukirwa urukundo rwa kivandimwe . . . akenshi bituma banga Ijambo ry’Imana kuko barishinja ko ryigisha iyo nyigisho baribeshyera.”

Kugira ngo Russell afashe abo bantu bashyira mu gaciro kugarukira Ijambo ry’Imana, yagaragaje imirongo yose yo mu buhinduzi bwa King James igaragaramo ijambo ikuzimu, kugira ngo abasomyi bashobore kwibonera icyo iyo mirongo ivuga. Hanyuma yaravuze ati “Imana ishimwe kuba twarasanze nta hantu nk’aho habaho ho kubabarizwa iteka nk’uko icyo kinyoma cyigishwa mu nyigisho z’amadini menshi, mu ndirimbo zayo no mu bibwiriza bitangirwa mu nsengero zayo. Ahubwo twabonye ko ‘ikuzimu,’ shewoli cyangwa hadesi, ari ahantu abantu bose bajya bitewe n’icyaha cya Adamu, kandi urupfu rw’Umwami wacu rushobora gucungura abantu bose bakavayo. Bityo rero ‘ikuzimu’ ni imva, aho abapfuye bajya. Nanone twasobanukiwe ko hari ahandi hantu hitwa ‘ikuzimu’ (muri gehinomu, ni ukuvuga urupfu rwa kabiri cyangwa kurimbuka burundu). Icyo ni cyo gihano cya nyuma kizahabwa abantu bose bacunguwe bakagira ubumenyi bwuzuye ku byerekeye ukuri, kandi bakagira ubushobozi bwuzuye bwo kumvira uko kuri, ariko bagahitamo urupfu bitewe n’uko bazaba bahisemo kwigomeka ku Mana no ku gukiranuka. Twese tuvuga tubikuye ku mutima tuti ‘Amen.’ Mwami w’amahanga, inzira zawe ni izo gukiranuka kandi ni iz’ukuri. Mwami, ni nde mu by’ukuri utazagusenga, ngo asingize izina ryawe? Kuko ari wowe wenyine wera? Amahanga yose azaza asengere imbere yawe, kubera ko ibikorwa byawe byo gukiranuka byagaragajwe.”—Ibyah 15:3, 4.

Inyigisho za C. T. Russell zarakaje abayobozi b’amadini yiyita aya gikristo kandi zibatera ipfunwe. Mu mwaka wa 1903 bamutumiriye kugirana na bo ibiganiro mpaka. Inyigisho ivuga iby’imimerere y’abapfuye ni yo yari ku isonga mu mpaka C. T. Russell yagiye na Dogiteri E. L. Eaton, wari umuvugizi w’ihuriro ry’abapasiteri b’Abaporotesitanti bo mu gace k’iburengerazuba bwa leta ya Pennsylvania.

Muri ibyo biganiro mpaka, umuvandimwe Russell yavuze akomeje ko “iyo umuntu apfuye aba apfuye, kandi ko iyo abacu badusize, baba bapfuye; ntibaba bagiye kubana n’abamarayika cyangwa ngo bajye kubana n’abadayimoni ahantu hateye ubwoba.” Kugira ngo ashyigikire icyo gitekerezo, yatanze imirongo y’Ibyanditswe ikurikira: Umubwiriza 9:5, 10; Abaroma 5:12; 6:23; Intangiriro 2:17. Yakomeje agira ati “Ibyanditswe bihuje neza neza n’ibyo jye nawe kimwe n’undi wese muri iyi si utekereza neza kandi ushyira mu gaciro yemera ko ari ukuri kandi ko bihuje n’imico y’Imana yacu. Ni iki Ibyanditswe byavuze kuri Data wo mu ijuru? Arakiranuka, afite ubwenge, arangwa n’urukundo kandi ni umunyambaraga. Abakristo bose bemera ko iyo ari yo mico iranga Imana. None se niba ari uko bimeze, twakumva bihuje n’ubwenge kuvuga ko Imana ikiranuka kandi ihanisha abantu yiremeye igihano cy’iteka, ititaye ku cyaha baba barakoze? Sinshaka gushyigikira icyaha, nanjye ubwanjye singendera mu cyaha kandi sinigisha abantu gukora ibyaha. . . . Ariko ndagira ngo mvuge ko aba bantu bose bari hano umuvandimwe wacu [Dogiteri Eaton] avuga ko batuka Imana n’izina ryera rya Yesu Kristo, bose bigishijwe iyo nyigisho ivuga ko abantu bazababazwa iteka. Abicanyi, abajura n’abanyarugomo bose bari muri za gereza, bose bigishijwe iyo nyigisho. . . . Izo ni inyigisho mbi. Zamaze igihe kirekire zangiza isi; ntizihuje na gato n’ibyo Umwami wacu yigishije, kandi uyu muvandimwe wacu aracyari mu mwijima wo mu buryo bw’umwuka.”

Bavuga ko icyo kiganiro kirangiye umwe mu bayobozi b’idini yegereye Russell akamubwira ati “nshimishijwe n’uko umennye amazi mu muriro w’ikuzimu none ukaba uwujimije.”

Umuvandimwe Russell yateguye amakoraniro atandukanye y’umunsi umwe kuva mu mwaka wa 1905 kugeza mu wa 1907, kugira ngo afashe abantu benshi gusobanukirwa ukuri ku birebana n’imimerere y’abapfuye. Muri ayo makoraniro yatangaga disikuru ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Kujya ikuzimu no kuvayo. Ni ba nde bari yo? Dufite ibyiringiro by’uko abenshi mu bariyo bazazuka.” Uwo mutwe wari ushishikaje cyane kandi watumaga abantu batekereza. Abantu bazaga muri ayo makoraniro ari benshi kugira ngo bumve iyo disikuru, haba mu migi mito n’iminini yo muri Amerika no muri Kanada.

Mu bantu bashimishijwe cyane n’ibyo Bibiliya ivuga ku birebana n’imimerere y’abapfuye harimo n’umunyeshuri wo muri kaminuza yo mu mugi wa Cincinnati, muri leta ya Ohio, witeguraga kuba pasiteri mu idini ry’Abaperesibiteriyani. Mu mwaka wa 1913, mukuru we yamuhaye agatabo kavugaga kuri iyo ngingo (Où sont les morts?), kanditswe n’Umwigishwa wa Bibiliya witwaga John Edgar wari umuganga muri Écosse. Uwo munyeshuri wahawe ako gatabo ni Frederick Franz. Amaze kugasoma abyitondeye, yarivugiye ati “ibi ni ukuri.” Yahise ahindura intego yari afite mu buzima bwe atangira umurimo w’igihe cyose, aba umubwirizabutumwa w’umukoruporuteri. Mu mwaka wa 1920 yagiye gukora ku cyicaro gikuru cy’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society. Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi yabaye umwe mu bagize Inteko Nyobozi y’Abahamya ba Yehova, aza no kuba perezida w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society.

Igitambo cy’incungu cya Yesu Kristo

Mu mwaka wa 1872, umuvandimwe Russell na bagenzi be bakomeje gusuzuma Ibyanditswe, basuzumana ubwitonzi icyo bivuga ku birebana n’uruhare igitambo cy’incungu cya Yesu Kristo kizagira mu gusubiza ibintu mu buryo (Ibyak 3:21). Yashimishijwe no kubona amagambo yo mu Baheburayo 2:9 avuga ko ‘binyuze ku buntu butagereranywa bw’Imana [Yesu] yasogongereye abantu bose urupfu.’ Icyakora, ibyo ntibyatumye yizera inyigisho ivuga ko abantu bose bazakizwa, kuko yari azi n’andi magambo yo mu Byanditswe avuga ko umuntu wese wifuza kubona agakiza, agomba kwizera Yesu Kristo (Ibyak 4:12; 16:31). Yatangiye gusobanukirwa ukuntu igitambo cy’incungu cya Yesu Kristo cyatumye abantu bagira ibyiringiro bihebuje, nubwo atahise abisobanukirwa byose icyarimwe. Icyo gitambo cyatumye babona icyo Adamu yatakaje, ni ukuvuga ibyiringiro byo kubaho iteka ryose ari abantu batunganye. Umuvandimwe Russell ntiyabonaga ko iyo ari inyigisho yoroheje, ahubwo yasobanukiwe ko incungu ari inyigisho yimbitse, kandi akomeza kuyishyigikira abigiranye umwete, ndetse n’igihe bamwe mu ncuti ze za bugufi bari bafatanyije bemeraga kuyobywa n’ibitekerezo bya filozofiya.

Mu mwaka wa 1878, umuvandimwe Russell yari amaze umwaka n’igice ari umwanditsi wungirije w’igazeti N. H. Barbour yari abereye umwanditsi mukuru (Herald of the Morning). Ariko igihe Barbour yasohoraga mu igazeti yabo yasohotse muri Kanama 1878 ingingo itesha agaciro inyigisho y’incungu ishingiye ku Byanditswe, Russell yashyigikiye uko kuri kw’ingenzi ko muri Bibiliya ashimitse.

Muri iyo ngingo Barbour yanditse yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Impongano” yavuze uko yabonaga iyo nyigisho y’incungu, agira ati “tuvuge ko mbwiye umuhungu wanjye cyangwa umwe mu bakozi banjye nti ‘James naruma mushiki we, ufate isazi, uyishite ku rushinge uyimanike ku rukuta, mbone kubabarira James.’ Ibyo ni byo nagereranya n’incungu.” Nubwo Barbour yavugaga ko yemera incungu, yavuze ko igitekerezo cy’uko urupfu rwa Kristo rwishyuye igihano cy’icyaha cy’abakomotse kuri Adamu “kidashingiye ku Byanditswe kandi ko cyaba gihabanye n’uko tubona ubutabera.”h

Mu nomero yakurikiyeho y’iyo gazeti (Herald of the Morning, Nzeri 1878), umuvandimwe Russell yagaragaje ko atashiraga amakenga ibyo Barbour yari yanditse. Russell yasuzumye neza icyo mu by’ukuri Ibyanditswe bivuga, asuzuma n’ukuntu bihuza n’“ubutabera bw’Imana butunganye, n’urukundo n’imbabazi byayo bitagira akagero” yagaragaje binyuze ku ncungu (1 Kor 15:3; 2 Kor 5:18, 19; 1 Pet 2:24; 3:18; 1 Yoh 2:2). Nyuma y’imihati myinshi Russell yashyizeho agerageza gufasha Barbour gusobanukirwa Ibyanditswe, yaretse gushyigikira iyo gazeti. Guhera ku nomero yo muri Kamena 1879, Russell ntiyongeye kugaragazwa nk’umwanditsi wungirije w’iyo gazeti. Yashyigikiye iyo nyigisho y’ingenzi yo muri Bibiliya abigiranye ubushizi bw’amanga kandi ibyo byagize ingaruka zikomeye.

Kuva Abahamya ba Yehova muri iki gihe batangira, bakomeje gushyigikira inyigisho y’incungu ishingiye ku Byanditswe. Inomero ya mbere y’igazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi (Nyakanga 1879) yatsindagirije ko ‘kugira ngo umuntu yemerwe n’Imana bishingira ku gitambo gitunganye cy’incungu cya Kristo.’ Mu mwaka wa 1919, Abahamya bateguye ikoraniro ryabereye i Cedar Point, muri leta ya Ohio. Porogaramu yariho amagambo agira ati “Muhawe ikaze, mwebwe mwese mwemera igitambo cy’incungu gihebuje!” Imbere ku gifubiko cy’iyo gazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi hari amagambo yakomeje kwibanda ku gaciro k’incungu, avuga ibyerekeye intego y’iyo gazeti agira ati “Itera inkunga abasomyi bayo kugira ngo bizere Umwami uganje ubu, ari we Yesu Kristo washyizweho n’Imana, wamennye amaraso ye, agakingurira atyo abantu inzira y’ubuzima bw’iteka.”

Bakomeje kujya mbere, ntibaheranwa n’imyizerere y’amadini

Abigishwa ba Bibiliya ntibahise basobanukirwa icyarimwe inyigisho zose zo mu Ijambo ry’Imana. Incuro nyinshi hari ubwo basobanukirwaga ikintu kimwe mu bigize inyigisho y’ukuri, ariko ntibasobanukirwe ibintu byose bifitanye isano na yo. Icyakora, babaga biteguye kwiga. Ntibaheranwaga n’inyigisho z’amadini, ahubwo bakomezaga kujya mbere. Ibyo bamenyaga babigezaga ku bandi. Ntibigeze bumva ko ibyo bigishaga byari ibyabo bwite ahubwo babaga biteguye ‘kwigishwa na Yehova’ (Yoh 6:45). Nanone basobanukiwe ko Yehova ari we utuma basobanukirwa umugambi we mu gihe yagennye no mu buryo ashaka.—Dan 12:9; gereranya na Yohana 16:12, 13.

Kwiga ibintu bishya, bisaba ko umuntu ahindura uko abona ibintu. Bisaba kwicisha bugufi kugira ngo umuntu yemere amakosa yakozwe kandi ahindure ibigomba guhindurwa. Yehova yishimira uwo muco n’imbuto zawo kandi abakunda ukuri bishimira kuwugaragaza (Zef 3:12). Icyakora abantu baterwa ishema n’imyizerere y’amadini yabo itarigeze ihinduka mu gihe cy’ibinyejana byinshi nubwo iyo myizerere yahimbwe n’abantu badatunganye, basuzugura uwo muco wo kwicisha bugufi.

Uko Umwami azagaruka

Mu myaka ya 1870, umuvandimwe Russell hamwe n’abo bari bafatanyije, basuzumye Ibyanditswe babyitondeye maze basobanukirwa ko Umwami azagaruka mu buryo butagaragarira amaso.—Yoh 14:3, 19.

Umuvandimwe Russell yaravuze ati “tubabajwe cyane n’ikosa ryakozwe n’Abadivantisiti bizeraga ko Kristo azagaruka ari mu mubiri, kandi bakigisha ko mu mwaka wa 1873 cyangwa mu wa 1874, isi n’ibiyiriho byose, uretse Abadivantisiti, byari gushya bigahinduka umuyonga. Kuba barashyiragaho amatariki ibintu bizabera kandi bakamanjirwa, bakaba bari bafite n’ibitekerezo bigaragaza ko batari basobanukiwe neza intego yo kugaruka k’Umwami n’uko yari kugaruka, mu rugero runaka byadukojeje isoni twe n’abandi bose bari bategerezanyije amatsiko Ubwami bwe buri hafi kuza kandi bakabutangaza. Ibyo bitekerezo bidahuje n’ukuri bihuriweho n’abantu benshi ku birebana no kugaruka k’Umwami n’uko azagaruka, byatumye nandika agatabo kabisobanura (The Object and Manner of Our Lord’s Return).” Ako gatabo kasohotse mu wa 1877. Umuvandimwe Russell yacapishije kopi 50.000 z’ako gatabo ziratangwa.

Muri ako gatabo yaranditse ati “twemera ko Ibyanditswe byigisha ko azaza mu buryo butagaragara kandi ko na nyuma yo kuza kwe azakomeza kutagaragara. Nyuma yaho, azigaragaza mu buryo butandukanye aca imanza, ku buryo ‘amaso yose azamureba.’” Kugira ngo ashyigikire icyo gitekerezo, yifashishije ibivugwa mu Byakozwe 1:11 (havuga ngo “azaza mu buryo nk’ubwo, nk’uko mumubonye ajya mu ijuru,” atabonwa n’isi) no muri Yohana 14:19 (havuga ngo “hasigaye igihe gito isi ntiyongere kumbona”). Nanone umuvandimwe Russell yavuze ko na Bibiliya yasohotse yose bwa mbere mu mwaka wa 1864 (The Emphatic Diaglott), yari irimo ubuhinduzi bw’umwandiko w’ikigiriki mu cyongereza ijambo ku rindi, na yo yagaragaje ko ijambo ry’ikigiriki pa·rou·siʹa risobanura “ukuhaba.” Russell amaze gusuzuma uko iryo jambo ryakoreshejwe muri Bibiliya, yasobanuye muri ka gatabo ati “ijambo ry’ikigiriki Parousia ubusanzwe rikoreshwa ryerekeza ku kuza kwa kabiri, akenshi rihindurwamo kuza, risobanura kuba umuntu ahari, yamaze kuza, yahageze; ariko nta na rimwe risobanura kuba umuntu ari mu nzira aza nk’uko dukoresha ijambo kuza.”

Igihe umuvandimwe Russell yasobanuraga impamvu y’ukuhaba kwa Kristo, yagaragaje ko atari kuhaba mu kanya gato gusa ngo akore ikintu cyari gutigisa isi yose. Yaranditse ati “kuza kwa kabiri, kimwe n’ukwa mbere, kuzamara igihe runaka, si ukuza ngo ahamare akanya gato.” Yanditse ko muri icyo gihe abagize “umukumbi muto” bari guhabwa ingororano yo kuba abaraganwa n’Umwami mu Bwami bwe. Abandi babarirwa muri za miriyari bari kugira ubuzima butunganye mu isi izaba yongeye kugira ubwiza nk’ubwo mu busitani bwa Edeni.—Luka 12:32.

Mu gihe cy’imyaka mike, Russell yakomeje kwiga Ibyanditswe, amenya ko Kristo yari kugaruka mu buryo butagaragara, kandi agakomeza kuhaba mu buryo butagaragara, n’igihe yari kugaragaza ko ahari asohoreza urubanza ku babi.

Mu mwaka wa 1876, Russell amaze gusoma igazeti yavugaga iby’idini (Herald of the Morning), yamenye ko hari irindi tsinda ryizeraga ko Kristo yari kugaruka mu buryo butagaragara kandi iryo tsinda ryumvaga ko nagaruka bizatuma imiryango yose yo ku isi ibona imigisha. Russell yaganiriye na Barbour wari umwanditsi mukuru w’iyo gazeti, yemera ko Kristo yari yaratangiye kuhaba mu buryo butagaragara guhera mu mwaka wa 1874.i Nyuma yaho yabigaragaje binyuze ku gatwe gato kavugaga ngo “Intumwa y’ukuhaba kwa Kristo,” kagaragaraga ku gifubiko cy’igazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi.

Kwemera ko Kristo yari kuhaba mu buryo butagaragara ni cyo kintu cy’ingenzi cyane cyafashije Abigishwa ba Bibiliya gusobanukirwa ubundi buhanuzi bwinshi bwo muri Bibiliya. Abo Bigishwa ba Bibiliya ba mbere bamenye ko ukuhaba k’Umwami ari ikintu cy’ingenzi cyagombye gushishikaza Abakristo b’ukuri bose (Mar 13:33-37). Bari bashishikajwe cyane no kugaruka kwa Shebuja kandi bari maso kuko bumvaga bafite inshingano yo kubitangaza; gusa ntabwo bari basobanukiwe ibintu byose ku birebana n’iyo ngingo. Icyakora, ibyo umwuka w’Imana wabafashije gusobanukirwa muri ibyo bihe bya mbere byari iby’ingenzi cyane. Kimwe muri ibyo bintu by’ukuri basobanukiwe gifitanye isano n’itariki y’ingenzi ivugwa mu buhanuzi bwa Bibiliya.

Iherezo ry’ibihe by’amahanga

Kuva kera, Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bashishikazwaga n’ikurikiranyabihe rya Bibiliya. Abantu benshi batanga ibisobanuro kuri Bibiliya, bari baratanze ibitekerezo bitandukanye ku birebana n’uko babonaga ubuhanuzi bwa Yesu buvuga “ibihe byagenwe by’amahanga,” hamwe n’inzozi za Nebukadinezari zirebana n’igishyitsi cy’igiti cyamaze “ibihe birindwi” gihambiriwe, zanditswe n’umuhanuzi Daniyeli.—Luka 21:24; Dan 4:10-17.

Mu mwaka wa 1823, John A. Brown yabaze “ibihe birindwi” bivugwa mu gice cya 4 cya Daniyeli abona ko bingana n’imyaka 2.520, abyandika mu gitabo cyasohokeye i Londres mu Bwongereza. Ariko ntiyari asobanukiwe igihe ubwo buhanuzi bwagombaga gutangirira n’igihe bwagombaga kurangirira. Icyakora, yashyize isano hagati y’“ibihe birindwi” n’ibihe by’amahanga bivugwa muri Luka 21:24. Mu mwaka wa 1844, umuyobozi w’idini w’Umwongereza witwaga E. B. Elliott, yavuze ko umwaka wa 1914 ushobora kuba iherezo ry’“ibihe birindwi” bivugwa muri Daniyeli, ariko nanone yavuze ko bishobora kuba byararangiranye n’Impinduramatwara y’Abafaransa. Mu mwaka wa 1849, Robert Seeley w’i Londres na we ni uko yabivuze. Ahagana mu mwaka wa 1870, igitabo cyanditswe na Joseph Seiss na bagenzi be, cyacapiwe i Filadelifiya muri leta ya Pennsylvania, cyarimo imibare yagaragazaga ko umwaka wa 1914 ari umwaka udasanzwe, nubwo ibitekerezo byakoreshejwe muri icyo gitabo byari bishingiye ku ikurikiranyabihe C. T. Russell atemeraga.

Hanyuma mu nomero z’iyo gazeti yavugaga iby’idini (Herald of the Morning) zo muri Kanama, Nzeri n’Ukwakira 1875, N. H. Barbour yagize uruhare mu guhuriza hamwe ibitekerezo abandi bari baratanze. Barbour ahereye ku ikurikiranyabihe ryakozwe n’umuyobozi w’idini w’Umwongereza witwaga Christopher Bowen, rigatangazwa na E. B. Elliott, yamenye ko Ibihe by’Amahanga byatangiranye n’ikurwaho ry’umwami Sedekiya nk’uko bivugwa mu buhanuzi bwo muri Ezekiyeli 21:25, 26, nuko avuga ko Ibihe by’Amahanga byari kurangira mu mwaka wa 1914.

Mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 1876, C. T. Russell yabonye kopi y’igazeti yavugaga iby’idini (Herald of the Morning). Yahise yandikira Barbour, nuko mu mpeshyi yo muri uwo mwaka bamarana igihe i Filadelifiya bungurana ibitekerezo ku ngingo zitandukanye, urugero nk’ibihe bivugwa mu buhanuzi. Nyuma yaho gato, Russell yakoze ubushakashatsi kuri iyo ngingo yifashishije Ibyanditswe, maze yandika ingingo yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ibihe by’Amahanga: bizarangira ryari?,” avuga ko hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko “ibihe birindwi bizarangira mu wa 1914.” Iyo ngingo yasohotse mu igazeti yo mu kwezi k’Ukwakira 1876 (Bible Examiner).j Igitabo N. H. Barbour yanditse mu mwaka wa 1877 afatanyije na C. T. Russell na cyo cyatangaga umwanzuro nk’uwo (Three Worlds, and the Harvest of This World). Nyuma yaho, mu nomero za mbere z’Umunara w’Umurinzi, urugero nk’iyo mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 1879 n’iyo muri Nyakanga 1880, zagaragaje ko umwaka wa 1914 ari umwaka udasanzwe mu buhanuzi bwa Bibiliya. Mu mwaka wa 1889, igice cya kane cyose cy’Umubumbe wa II w’igitabo cyasobanuraga ibyanditswe (L’Aurore du Millénium cyaje kwitwa Études des Écritures) cyasobanuye mu buryo burambuye “Ibihe by’Amahanga.” Ariko se iherezo ry’ibihe by’amahanga ryari kuba risobanura iki?

Mu by’ukuri, Abigishwa ba Bibiliya ntibari bazi neza uko byari kugenda. Icyo bemeraga badashidikanya ni uko isi itari gushya cyangwa ngo abantu barimbuke burundu. Ahubwo bari bazi ko cyari kuba ari igihe gikomeye mu birebana n’ubutegetsi bw’Imana. Mu mizo ya mbere, bibwiraga ko muri uwo mwaka Ubwami bw’Imana buzigarurira byose, bugategeka isi yose uko yakabaye. Igihe babonaga ibyo batekerezaga bitabaye, ntibyababujije gukomeza kwiringira ubuhanuzi bwo muri Bibiliya buvuga kuri uwo mwaka. Ahubwo bageze ku mwanzuro w’uko Ubwami bw’Imana bwatangiye gutegeka muri uwo mwaka.

Nanone, mu mizo ya mbere bumvaga ko mbere y’uko uwo mwaka ugera ku isi hose hari kuba imivurungano n’akaduruvayo (bakaba baratekerezaga ko iyo mivurungano yari ifitanye isano n’‘intambara yo ku munsi ukomeye w’Imana Ishoborabyose’) (Ibyah 16:14). Icyakora, hasigaye imyaka icumi ngo umwaka wa 1914 ugere, Umunara w’Umurinzi wavuze ko Ibihe by’Amahanga bikimara kurangira ku isi hose hari kuzaba akaduruvayo kari gutuma inzego zashyizweho n’abantu zikurwaho. Bari biteze ko umwaka wa 1914 wari kubamo ihinduka rikomeye kuri Yerusalemu kuko ubuhanuzi bwari bwaravuze ko “i Yerusalemu hazasiribangwa n’amahanga kugeza aho ibihe byagenwe by’amahanga bizuzurira.” Igihe babonaga umwaka wa 1914 ugiye kurangira kandi batarapfa ngo ‘bazamurwe mu bicu’ basanganire Umwami nk’uko bari babyiteze, bakomeje kugira ibyiringiro bikomeye by’uko bari kuzahindurwa ku iherezo ry’Ibihe by’Amahanga.—1 Tes 4:17.

Uko imyaka yagendaga ihita indi igataha, ari na ko bakomeza gusuzuma Ibyanditswe babyitondeye, ni na ko barushagaho kwizera ubuhanuzi kandi bakomezaga kuvuga ibyo babaga biteze ko bizaba. Bagerageje kudatsimbarara ku tuntu duto duto tutavugwa mu Byanditswe mu buryo bweruye, kandi babigezeho.

Ese “inzogera” yavuze igihe kitaragera?

Igihe Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose yarotaga mu mwaka wa 1914, ari na yo abantu benshi bitaga Intambara Ikomeye, habayeho akaduruvayo gakomeye mu isi ariko ubutegetsi bw’abantu bwose ntibwahise bukurwaho. Ibyaberaga muri Palesitina nyuma y’umwaka wa 1914 byatumye Abigishwa ba Bibiliya batekereza ko byari ikimenyetso gikomeye cy’ihinduka ku ishyanga rya Isirayeli. Ariko hashize amezi menshi n’imyaka myinshi Abigishwa ba Bibiliya batarahabwa ingororano yabo yo mu ijuru nk’uko bari babyiteze. Babyitwayemo bate?

Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Gashyantare 1916, wibanze by’umwihariko ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1914. Waravuze uti “ni yo tariki ya nyuma ikurikiranyabihe rya Bibiliya ryatweretse ku birebana n’itorero ry’abasutsweho umwuka. Ese Umwami yigeze atubwira ko twari guhita tujyanwa mu ijuru? Oya rwose. Ni iki yavuze? Ijambo rye hamwe n’isohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi, bigaragaza nta kwibeshya ko kuri iyo tariki ari bwo Ibihe by’Amahanga byarangiye. Ni twe twageze ku mwanzuro w’uko abagize itorero bari ‘guhindurwa’ kuri iyo tariki cyangwa mbere yaho. Icyakora si Imana yabitubwiye. Yaraturetse tugera kuri uwo mwanzuro kandi twemera ko ibyo byabaye ikigeragezo cyagiriye akamaro abera b’Imana bose, aho bari hose.” Ese ibyo byagaragaje ko ibyiringiro byabo bihebuje byari imfabusa? Oya. Byasobanuraga gusa ko atari ko ibintu byose byabaga vuba nk’uko babaga babyiteze.

Imyaka runaka mbere y’umwaka wa 1914, Russell yari yaranditse ati “mu by’ukuri, ikurikiranyabihe (ibihe bivugwa mu buhanuzi muri rusange) ntiryabereyeho guha abagaragu b’Imana babayeho mu binyejana byinshi bitandukanye amakuru nyayo ku birebana n’igihe ibintu byagombaga kuzabera. Ahubwo uko bigaragara, ryashyiriweho kuba nk’inzogera yo gukangura abagaragu b’Umwami no kubongerera imbaraga mu gihe gikwiriye. . . . Ariko noneho, reka tuvuge ko ukwezi k’Ukwakira 1914 kurangiye nta kintu kibaye kigaragaza ko ubutegetsi bw’Amahanga burangiye. Ese ibyo bizaba bigaragaza iki, cyangwa bivuguruza iki? Ntibizaba bivuguruza umugambi w’Imana umaze imyaka myinshi. Agaciro k’igitambo cy’incungu cyatangiwe i Kaluvariyo gakomeza kutwizeza ko umugambi ukomeye Imana ifitiye abantu wo gusubiza ibintu mu buryo uzasohozwa. Kuba abagize itorero ‘bahamagariwe kujya mu ijuru’ bababarana n’Umucunguzi kandi bagahabwa ikuzo bari kumwe na we ari ingingo z’umubiri we cyangwa Umugeni we, na byo ntibizigera bihinduka. . . . Ahubwo ikintu kimwe iryo kurikiranyabihe ryazahindura ni igihe ibyo byiringiro bihebuje by’itorero ry’abasutsweho umwuka n’isi bizasohorera. . . . Kandi iyo tariki ihise nta kibaye, byaba bigaragaza ko ikurikiranyabihe ryacu, ni ukuvuga ‘inzogera’ yacu, yavuze igihe kitaragera. Ese ubwo inzogera idukanguye hakiri kare mu gitondo ngo tujye kwizihiza umunsi udasanzwe wuzuye ibyishimo n’umunezero, twakumva ko ari ishyano riguye? Oya rwose!”

Ariko kandi, “inzogera” ntiyari yavuze mbere y’igihe. Mu by’ukuri “inzogera” yarabakanguye babona ibintu bitameze neza neza nk’ibyo bari biteze.

Nyuma y’imyaka runaka, igihe umucyo warushagaho kumurika, biyemereye ko “abera benshi batekerezaga ko imirimo yose yarangiye. . . . Bari bashimishijwe n’uko biboneraga ibimenyetso bigaragaza neza ko isi yarangiye, ko Ubwami bwo mu ijuru buri hafi gutegeka kandi ko gucungurwa kwabo kuri hafi. Ariko hari ikindi kintu cyagombaga gukorwa birengagije. Ubutumwa bwiza bari barahawe bwagombaga gutangazwa, kubera ko Yesu yari yaratanze itegeko rigira riti ‘ubu butumwa bwiza bw’ubwami buzabwirizwa mu isi yose ituwe, kugira ngo bubere amahanga yose ubuhamya; hanyuma imperuka ibone kuza’ (Matayo 24:14).”—Umunara w’Umurinzi, 1 Gicurasi 1925.

Igihe Abigishwa ba Bibiliya babonaga ibintu byabayeho nyuma y’umwaka wa 1914, bakabigereranya n’ibyo Shebuja yari yarahanuye, buhoro buhoro basobanukiwe ko kuva mu mwaka wa 1914 bari mu minsi y’imperuka y’iyi si ishaje. Nanone basobanukiwe ko Kristo yatangiye kuhaba mu buryo butagaragara mu mwaka wa 1914, kandi ko bitasobanuraga ko yari yaragarutse ngo abe ari ahahereranye n’isi (niyo byaba mu buryo butagaragara), ahubwo ko yari yongeye kwita ku isi ari Umwami uganje. Nanone babonye ko bafite inshingano yihariye yo gutangaza ‘ubutumwa bwiza bw’ubwami,’ bikabera ubuhamya amahanga yose muri ibyo bihe biruhije by’amateka y’abantu, kandi basohoje iyo nshingano.—Mat 24:3-14.

Ariko se ubwo butumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami bagombaga gutangaza ni ubuhe? Ese bwari butandukanye n’ubw’Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere?

Ubwami bw’Imana ni bwo byiringiro rukumbi by’abantu

Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bari bafatanyije n’umuvandimwe Russell basuzumye Ijambo ry’Imana babyitondeye basobanukirwa ko Ubwami bw’Imana ari ubutegetsi Yehova yari yarasezeranije gushyiraho akoresheje Umwana we kugira ngo buheshe abantu imigisha. Yesu Kristo yari gutegekera mu ijuru afatanyije n’abagize ‘umukumbi muto’ Imana yatoranyije mu bantu. Nanone basobanukiwe ko ubwo butegetsi buzaba buhagarariwe n’abagabo b’indahemuka bo mu gihe cya kera, bazaba abatware mu isi yose. Bitwaga “abanyacyubahiro ba kera.”—Luka 12:32; Dan 7:27; Ibyah 20:6; Zab 45:16.

Amadini yiyita aya gikristo yari amaze igihe kinini yigisha ko ‘abami bo mu isi bashyirwaho n’Imana,’ kugira ngo abantu bakomeze kubagandukira. Ariko Abigishwa ba Bibiliya babonye ko nta hantu na hamwe muri Bibiliya havuga ko Imana izemera ko ubutegetsi bw’abantu bukomeza kubaho. Mu buryo buhuje n’ibyo bari bamaze kumenya, Umunara w’Umurinzi wo mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 1881, waravuze uti “birumvikana ko gushyirwaho k’ubwo bwami bisobanura gukurwaho k’ubwami bwose bwo mu isi, kubera ko bwose iyo buva bukagera, ndetse n’ubugerageza gukora neza kurusha ubundi, bushingiye ku karengane, ubusumbane no gukandamiza benshi bugatonesha bake. Bibiliya iravuga iti ‘buzamenagura ubwo bwami bwose bubumareho kandi buzahoraho iteka ryose.’”—Dan 2:44.

Icyakora hari ibintu byinshi Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bari batarasobanukirwa ku birebana n’uko ubwo bwami bukandamiza abantu buzavaho. Ntibari basobanukiwe neza uko imigisha y’Ubwami bw’Imana yari kugera ku bantu bose. Ariko nanone ntibitiranyaga Ubwami bw’Imana n’ibyiyumvo biba mu mitima y’abantu cyangwa ubutegetsi bwa leta ishingiye ku idini.

Mu mwaka wa 1914, abagaragu b’Imana b’indahemuka babayeho mbere y’Ubukristo ntibazutse ngo babe ibikomangoma bihagarariye Umwami Mesiya, nk’uko byari byitezwe. Nanone abasigaye bo mu “mukumbi muto,” ntibasanze Kristo mu Bwami bwo mu ijuru muri uwo mwaka. Nubwo byari bimeze bityo ariko, Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 15 Gashyantare 1915, wavuganye icyizere ko mu mwaka wa 1914 ari bwo “Umwami wacu yimitswe agatangira gutegeka ari Umwami ukomeye,” bityo ubutegetsi bw’Amahanga bwari bumaze imyaka ibarirwa mu bihumbi buba burarangiye. Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1920, wongeye kubishimangira, ubihuza n’ubutumwa bwiza Yesu yari yarahanuye ko bugomba gutangazwa ku isi yose mbere y’uko imperuka iza (Mat 24:14). Mu ikoraniro ry’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya ryabereye i Cedar Point, muri leta ya Ohio mu mwaka wa 1922, byongeye gusubirwamo mu mwanzuro wafatiwe muri iryo koraniro. Icyo gihe umuvandimwe Rutherford yabwiye abari baje muri iryo koraniro ati “nimutangaze, mutangaze, mutangaze Umwami n’ubwami bwe!”

Icyakora, icyo gihe Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bumvaga ko ubwo bwami butari kwimikwa mu ijuru, aba nyuma mu bagize umugeni wa Kristo batarahabwa ikuzo. Mu mwaka wa 1925 habaye ikintu kitazibagirana mu mateka, igihe Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Werurwe wasohoraga ingingo ivuga ngo “Kuvuka kw’Ishyanga.” Iyo ngingo yasobanuraga igice cya 12 cy’Ibyahishuwe. Iyo ngingo yatanze ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Ubwami bwa Mesiya bwavutse, bwashyizweho mu mwaka wa 1914, ko Kristo yari yaratangiye gutegekera ku ntebe ye y’ubwami mu ijuru kandi ko nyuma yaho Satani yahanantuwe mu ijuru akajugunywa ahahereranye n’isi. Ubwo ni bwo butumwa bwiza bwagombaga gutangazwa: Ubwami bw’Imana bwatangiye gutegeka. Ibyo bintu ababwiriza b’Ubwami basobanukiwe byatumye bagira ishyaka ryo kubwiriza kugeza ku mpera y’isi.

Abagaragu ba Yehova bakoresheje uburyo bwose bushoboka kugira ngo batangaze ko Ubwami bw’Imana ari bwo bwonyine bushobora kuzanira abantu ihumure rirambye kandi bugakemura ibibazo by’ingutu byabananiye. Mu mwaka wa 1931, J. F. Rutherford yatangarije ubwo butumwa ku maradiyo mpuzamahanga yariho icyo gihe. Ubwo butumwa bwatangajwe ku maradiyo nanone bwaje kwandikwa mu gatabo kahinduwe mu ndimi nyinshi (Le Royaume, l’espérance du monde). Mu gihe cy’amezi make, hatanzwe kopi z’ako gatabo zibarirwa muri za miriyoni. Uretse kuba ako gatabo karatanzwe ku rugero rwagutse, nanone hashyizweho imihati yihariye kugira ngo kagezwe ku banyapolitiki, abacuruzi bakomeye n’abayobozi b’amadini.

Ako gatabo karavuze kati “ubutegetsi bukiranirwa bwo muri iyi si nta byiringiro bushobora guha abantu. Imana yabuciriye urubanza ko bugomba kurimbuka. Bityo rero ibyiringiro by’abatuye isi, ari na byo byiringiro rukumbi, ni ubwami bukiranuka bw’Imana, ni ukuvuga ubutegetsi buyobowe na Kristo Yesu, ari we Mutegetsi wabwo utagaragara.” Basobanukiwe ko ubwo Bwami ari bwo buzazanira abantu amahoro n’umutekano nyakuri. Mu gihe buzaba butegeka, isi izahinduka paradizo nyayo kandi indwara n’urupfu ntibizongera kubaho.—Ibyah 21:4, 5.

Na n’ubu ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami bw’Imana buracyari ishingiro ry’imyizerere y’Abahamya ba Yehova. Kuva ku itariki ya 1 Werurwe 1939, igazeti yabo y’ingenzi, ubu isohoka mu ndimi zisaga 110, yitwa Umunara w’Umurinzi utangaza Ubwami bwa Yehova.

Ariko mbere y’uko ubwo Bwami buhindura isi paradizo, ubutegetsi bubi buriho bugomba kubanza kuvanwaho. Ibyo bizagerwaho bite?

Intambara yo ku munsi ukomeye w’Imana Ishoborabyose

Intambara y’isi yose yatangiye mu mwaka wa 1914 yahungabanyije cyane ubutegetsi bw’isi bwariho. Mu gihe runaka, byasaga n’aho ibintu bizakurikirana nk’uko Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bari babyiteze.

Muri Kanama 1880, umuvandimwe Russell yari yaranditse ati “dusobanukiwe ko mbere y’uko abantu bongera gusubizwa ubutungane cyangwa batangira kubona imigisha, ubwami bwose bwo ku isi butwaza abantu igitugu kandi bukabakandamiza bugomba kuvaho, maze Ubwami bw’Imana bugategeka, bukazanira abantu imigisha kandi bukabageza ku butungane.” Ubwo ‘bwami bwo ku isi bwari kuvaho’ bute? Russell ashingiye ku bintu yabonaga byageraga mu isi icyo gihe, yatekerezaga ko mu ntambara ya Harimagedoni, Imana yari kuzakoresha imitwe y’ingabo z’amahanga ashyamiranye kugira ngo ihirike ubutegetsi bwo mu isi. Yaravuze ati “umurimo wo gukuraho ubwami bw’abantu waratangiye. Ubwami buzabukuraho ubu bwatangiye gutegeka. Ubu abantu bo mu mahanga baregeranya ingabo zabo, iz’Abakomunisiti, Abasosiyalisiti, abakunda akaduruvayo n’abandi n’abandi.”

Hari igitabo cyasobanuraga iby’umunsi wo guhora (Le Jour de la Vengeance, nyuma cyaje kwitwa La Bataille d’Harmaguédon) cyasohotse mu mwaka wa 1897, cyagaragaje uko Abigishwa ba Bibiliya babyumvaga icyo gihe. Cyaravuze kiti “Umwami wacu azakoresha ububasha yahawe n’Imana butegeka ibintu byose, yigarurire uwo mutwe munini w’ingabo zigizwe n’abantu b’abarakare bakunda igihugu by’agakabyo, abaharanira ivugurura, Abasosiyalisiti, abaharanira amahame mbwirizamuco, abakunda akaduruvayo, injiji n’abadafite ibyiringiro. Azahera ku byiringiro byabo, ibyo batinya, ubupfapfa n’ubwikunde bwabo, maze akoreshe ubwenge yahawe n’Imana, asohoze imigambi ye ikomeye yo gukuraho inzego ziriho no gutegurira abantu Ubwami bukiranuka.” Icyo gihe batekerezaga ko intambara ya Harimagedoni izaba igizwe n’imyivumbagatanyo ikaze y’abaturage.

Ariko se mu ntambara ya Harimagedoni Imana izakoresha imitwe y’ingabo z’abantu zishyamiranye cyangwa imyivumbagatanyo y’abaturage, kugira ngo ikureho ubutegetsi bw’abantu? Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bakomeje gusuzuma icyo Ibyanditswe bivuga kuri iyo ngingo, maze Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 15 Nyakanga 1925 utanga ibisobanuro ku magambo yo muri Zekariya 14:1-3, ugira uti “ayo magambo atuma dusobanukirwa ko amahanga yose yo ku isi ayobowe na Satani azishyira hamwe akarwanya Yerusalemu, ni ukuvuga abantu bose bashyigikiye Umwami . . . Ibyahishuwe 16:14, 16.”

Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, hari igitabo cyasobanuye neza intego nyakuri y’iyo ntambara kigira kiti “nk’uko Ijambo rya Yehova ribivuga, azagaragaza imbaraga mu buryo bugaragara neza kandi budashidikanywaho ku buryo abantu bose bazibonera badashidikanya ko ibikorwa byabo bidashimisha Imana, kandi basobanukirwe ko Yehova ari we Mana y’ukuri. Ni yo mpamvu Imana yateje Umwuzure ukomeye, igasenya Umunara w’i Babeli, ikarimbura ingabo za Senakeribu umwami wa Ashuri, ikarimburira Abanyeputa mu Nyanja Itukura, kandi ni na yo mpamvu igiye guteza ibindi byago bikomeye ku isi. Ibyo byago byabayeho kera, byari igicucu cy’ibyenda kubaho. Ibyo byose bizaba ku munsi ukomeye w’Imana Ishoborabyose. Ni ‘umunsi ukomeye kandi uteye ubwoba w’Umwami’ (Yow 2:31), igihe Imana izagaragaza ko izina ryayo rikomeye. Muri iyo ntambara ya nyuma ikomeye, abantu bo mu mahanga yose, mu miryango yose n’indimi zose bazamenya ko Yehova ari Imana ifite imbaraga zitagereranywa, ubwenge butagira akagero n’ubutabera” (Deliverance). Icyakora abagaragu ba Yehova bo ku isi bahawe uyu muburo: “muri iyo ntambara ikomeye nta Mukristo uzarwana. Impamvu batazarwana ni uko Yehova yavuze ati ‘kuko urugamba atari urwanyu ahubwo ari urw’Imana.’” Intambara yavugwaga, yari itandukanye cyane n’iyo amahanga yarwanye guhera mu mwaka wa 1914. Yari itaraza.

Ariko kandi hari hakiri ibindi bibazo byagombaga kubonerwa ibisubizo bishingiye ku Byanditswe. Kimwe muri ibyo bibazo cyari icyo kumenya Yerusalemu yari gusiribangwa n’amahanga kugeza aho Ibihe by’Amahanga byari kuzurira nk’uko bivugwa muri Luka 21:24, no kumenya Isirayeli ivugwa mu buhanuzi bwinshi buhereranye no gusubiza ibintu mu buryo.

Ese Imana yari gusubiza Abayahudi muri Palestina?

Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bari bazi ubuhanuzi bwinshi abahanuzi b’Imana bari barahanuriye Isirayeli ya kera bufitanye isano no gusubiza ibintu mu buryo (Yer 30:18; 31:8-10; Amosi 9:14, 15; Rom 11:25, 26). Kugeza mu mwaka wa 1932, batekerezaga ko ubwo buhanuzi bwari kuzasohorera ku Bayahudi kavukire. Bityo batekerezaga ko Imana yari kongera gutonesha Isirayeli, buhoro buhoro igasubiza Abayahudi muri Palestina, ikabafasha gusobanukirwa ukuri, bakamenya ko Yesu ari Umucunguzi n’Umwami Mesiya, hanyuma ikabakoresha iha imigisha abantu bo mu mahanga yose. Kubera ko muri icyo gihe ari uko bari basobanukiwe ibintu, umuvandimwe Russell yahaye Abayahudi benshi b’i New York no mu Burayi disikuru yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “uruhare rwa Siyoni mu buhanuzi.” Mu mwaka wa 1925 umuvandimwe Rutherford yanditse igitabo gihumuriza Abayahudi (Comfort for the Jews).

Ariko byaje kugaragara ko ibyabaga ku Bayahudi muri Palestina ntaho byari bihuriye n’isohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi bwa Yehova bukomeye bwo gusubiza ibintu mu buryo. Mu kinyejana cya mbere Yerusalemu yararimbuwe bitewe n’uko Abayahudi banze kwemera Umwana w’Imana ari we Mesiya, woherejwe mu izina rya Yehova (Dan 9:25-27; Mat 23:38, 39). Byagendaga birushaho kwigaragaza ko mu rwego rw’ishyanga Abayahudi batari barahinduye imitekerereze. Ntibigeze bicuza ibikorwa bibi byakozwe n’abakurambere babo. N’abagarutse muri Palestina, ntibabitewe n’uko bari bakunze Imana cyangwa ko bifuzaga guhesha ikuzo izina ryayo bakurikiza Ijambo ryayo. Ibyo byasobanuwe neza mu mubumbe wa kabiri w’igitabo cyanditswe n’Abahamya ba Yehova, mu wa 1932 (Vindication).k Ukuri kw’icyo gitekerezo kwashimangiwe n’ibyabaye mu mwaka wa 1949, igihe leta ya Isirayeli yari imaze igihe gito ishinzwe kugira ngo ibe igihugu cy’Abayahudi yinjiraga mu Muryango w’Abibumbye. Ibyo byagaragaje ko ibyiringiro byayo bitari bishingiye kuri Yehova ahubwo ko byari bishingiye kuri politiki z’amahanga yo mu isi.

Ibintu byabaga byari bifitanye isano n’isohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi bwo gusubiza ibintu mu buryo byafashe ikindi cyerekezo. Abagaragu ba Yehova batangiye kubona ko Isirayeli yo mu buryo bw’umwuka, ni ukuvuga “Isirayeli y’Imana,” igizwe n’Abakristo basutsweho umwuka, ari yo yari ifitanye amahoro n’Imana binyuze kuri Yesu Kristo mu buryo buhuje n’isohozwa ry’umugambi w’Imana (Gal 6:16). Basobanukiwe ko ibyo Imana yakoreraga abo Bakristo b’ukuri byari isohozwa rihebuje ryo mu buryo bw’umwuka ry’ayo masezerano yo gusubiza ibintu mu buryo. Nanone baje gusobanukirwa ko Yerusalemu yahawe ikuzo ku iherezo ry’Ibihe by’Amahanga, atari umugi wo ku isi cyangwa ubwoko bw’abantu bo ku isi bafite aho bahuriye n’uwo mugi, ahubwo ko ari “Yerusalemu yo mu ijuru,” aho Yehova yimikiye Umwana we Yesu Kristo, akamuha ububasha bwo gutegeka mu mwaka wa 1914.—Heb 12:22.

Abahamya ba Yehova bamaze gusobanukirwa ibyo byose, bari bujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo basohoze inshingano yo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami nta kurobanura “mu isi yose ituwe, kugira ngo bubere amahanga yose ubuhamya.”—Mat 24:14.

Ariko se ni nde ukwiriye kwitirirwa ibyo bisobanuro byose byatanzwe kuri Bibiliya byasohotse mu bitabo by’Abahamya ba Yehova?

Uko abagaragu ba Yehova bigishwa

Yesu Kristo yari yarahanuye ko namara gusubira mu ijuru, yari koherereza abigishwa be umwuka wera. Uwo mwuka wera wari kubabera umufasha, ukabayobora “mu kuri kose” (Yoh 14:26; 16:7, 13). Kubera ko Yesu ari Umwami cyangwa Shebuja w’Abakristo b’ukuri, nanone yavuze ko yari kugira ‘umugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge,’ cyangwa ‘igisonga cyizerwa,’ wari kujya aha abagaragu bo mu nzu y’abizera “ibyokurya [byo mu buryo bw’umwuka] mu gihe gikwiriye” (Mat 24:45-47; Luka 12:42). None se uwo mugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge ni nde?

Nomero ya mbere y’Umunara w’Umurinzi yerekeje ku bivugwa muri Matayo 24:45-47, ivuga ko intego y’abanditsi bayo ari iyo gukurikiranira hafi ibibera ku isi bifitanye isano no kuhaba kwa Kristo no guha abo mu nzu y’abizera “ibyokurya [byo mu buryo bw’umwuka] mu gihe gikwiriye.” Ariko umwanditsi w’iyo gazeti ntiyigeze avuga ko ari we “mugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge.”

Ku bw’ibyo, mu Munara w’Umurinzi wo mu Kwakira-Ugushyingo 1881, C. T. Russell yaranditse ati “twemera ko buri wese mu bagize uyu mubiri wa Kristo akora umurimo wera wo guha abo mu nzu y’abizera ibyokurya mu gihe gikwiriye, haba mu buryo buziguye cyangwa butaziguye. None se ‘ni nde mugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge, shebuja yashinze abandi bagaragu be ngo ajye abaha ibyokurya mu gihe gikwiriye’? Ese si ‘umukumbi muto,’ ni ukuvuga umubiri wa Kristo, ugizwe n’abagaragu biyeguriye Imana basohoza mu budahemuka umuhigo wabo? Kandi se si abagize uwo mubiri bose, baba buri muntu ku giti cye cyangwa mu rwego rw’itsinda, baha abo mu nzu y’abizera bose ibyokurya mu gihe gikwiriye? Uwo mugaragu (abagize umubiri wa Kristo bose) arahirwa Umwami naza (mu kigiriki elthon) agasanga abigenza atyo. ‘Ndababwira ukuri ko azamushinga ibyo atunze byose.’”

Icyakora, hashize imyaka isaga icumi, umugore w’umuvandimwe Russell yatangaje ko Russell we ubwe ari we mugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge.l Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bamaze imyaka igera kuri 30 bemera icyo gitekerezo yatanze ku birebana n’uwo ‘umugaragu wizerwa’ ari we. Umuvandimwe Russell ntiyigeze avuguruza icyo gitekerezo, ariko we ubwe yirinze kwiyerekezaho uwo murongo w’Ibyanditswe, kuko yarwanyaga yivuye inyuma igitekerezo cyo kugira itsinda ry’abayobozi b’idini bahawe inshingano yo kwigisha Ijambo ry’Imana, ritandukanye n’irindi tsinda ry’abayoboke basanzwe batahawe iyo nshingano. Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 15 Gashyantare 1927 wongeye gushimangira ibisobanuro umuvandimwe Russell yatanze mu mwaka wa 1881, avuga ko umugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge ari itsinda ry’umugaragu rigizwe n’abagize umubiri wa Kristo bose basutsweho umwuka bari ku isi.—Gereranya na Yesaya 43:10.

None se umuvandimwe Russell yabonaga ate uruhare rwe? Ese yigeze avuga ko hari ibyo Imana yamuhishuriye mu buryo bwihariye? Mu Munara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 15 Nyakanga 1906 (ipaji ya 229), Russell yashubije yicishije bugufi ati “si ko biri bavandimwe, sintekereza ko hari icyo ndusha abandi, nta bubasha ndengakamere mfite cyangwa icyubahiro cyangwa ubutware. Nta n’ubwo nifuza kwishyira hejuru ngo numve ko ndusha icyubahiro abavandimwe bo mu nzu y’abizera, ahubwo nkurikiza ibyo Databuja yavuze, igihe yagiraga ati ‘umuntu wese wifuza kuba uw’imbere muri mwe, agomba kuba umugaragu wanyu’ (Mat 20:27). . . . Ukuri mbagezaho ndi umuvugizi w’Imana, sinaguhishuriwe mu iyerekwa cyangwa mu nzozi, nta n’ubwo numvise ijwi ry’Imana, kandi sinakumenye kose icyarimwe, ahubwo nagiye ngusobanukirwa buhoro buhoro . . . Kuba ukuri kugenda gusobanuka neza ntibyaturutse ku buhanga bw’umuntu uwo ari we wese uzi gutekereza cyane, ahubwo byatewe gusa n’uko igihe Imana yagennye cyari kigeze; kandi niyo ntavuga cyangwa ngo hagire undi uvuga, amabuye ubwayo yarangurura.”

Abasomyi b’Umunara w’Umurinzi bashishikarijwe kubona ko Yehova ari we Mwigisha wabo Mukuru, kandi n’Abahamya ba Yehova muri iki gihe ni uko babibona (Yes 30:20). Ibyo byashimangiwe mu Munara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Ugushyingo 1931, mu ngingo yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Bigishwa n’Imana,” yagiraga iti “Umunara w’Umurinzi wemera ko ukuri guturuka kuri Yehova, kudaturuka ku kiremwa icyo ari cyo cyose. Umunara w’Umurinzi si igikoresho cy’umuntu runaka cyangwa itsinda ry’abantu, kandi nta n’ubwo wandikwa hakurikijwe ibyifuzo by’abantu. . . . Yehova Imana ni we Mwigisha mukuru w’abana be. Ni iby’ukuri ko uko kuri gutangazwa n’abantu badatunganye, kandi kubera iyo mpamvu ntikwandikwa mu buryo butunganye; ariko gutangazwa mu buryo bugaragaza ko ari ukuri Imana yigisha abana bayo.”

Mu kinyejana cya mbere, igihe havukaga ibibazo birebana n’inyigisho hamwe n’uko ibintu byagombaga gukorwa, byashyikirijwe inteko nyobozi yari igizwe n’abasaza bakuze mu buryo bw’umwuka. Imyanzuro yafatwaga bamaze gusuzuma icyo Ibyanditswe byahumetswe bivuga no kugenzura ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko umurimo wakorwaga wari ufitanye isano n’ibyo Byanditswe kandi ko wateraga imbere bitewe n’umwuka wera. Bandikaga iyo myanzuro bakayoherereza amatorero (Ibyak 15:1–16:5). Ubwo buryo ni bwo bukoreshwa n’Abahamya ba Yehova muri iki gihe.

Inyigisho zo mu buryo bw’umwuka zitangwa mu magazeti, ibitabo, amakoraniro na za disikuru zitangirwa mu matorero. Inteko Nyobozi y’umugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge ni yo igenzura uko ibyo byose bitegurwa. Ibikubiye muri izo nyigisho bigaragaza neza ko ibyo Yesu yahanuye bisohora muri iki gihe. Koko rero, Yesu afite itsinda ry’umugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge ryigisha mu budahemuka ‘ibyo yategetse byose.’ Iryo tsinda ‘rikomeza kuba maso,’ rigakurikiranira hafi ibintu bisohoza ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya, cyane cyane ubufitanye isano no kuhaba kwa Kristo. Nanone iryo tsinda rifasha abantu batinya Imana gusobanukirwa icyo “gukurikiza” ibyo Yesu yategetse bisobanura, bityo bakagaragaza ko ari abigishwa be koko.—Mat 24:42; 28:20; Yoh 8:31, 32.

Buhoro buhoro, uko imyaka yagendaga ihita, ibintu byose byashoboraga gutuma abantu runaka bahabwa icyubahiro bitewe n’uruhare bagiraga mu gutegura ayo mafunguro yo mu buryo bw’umwuka, byakuweho. Kugeza igihe C. T. Russell yapfiriye, izina rye ryagaragaraga hafi kuri buri nomero y’Umunara w’Umurinzi ko yari umwanditsi wayo. Amazina y’ababaga baragize uruhare mu gutegura ingingo runaka cyangwa inyuguti zibanziriza amazina yabo, yandikwaga ku mpera y’iyo ngingo. Ariko guhera ku Munara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Ukuboza 1916, aho kugaragaza izina ry’umwanditsi umwe, hagaragazwaga amazina y’abari bagize komite y’ubwanditsi. Mu nomero yo ku itariki ya 15 Ukwakira 1931, urwo rutonde rwasimbujwe amagambo yo muri Yesaya 54:13, avuga ngo “abana bawe bose bazaba abigishijwe na Yehova, kandi bazagira amahoro menshi.” Guhera mu mwaka wa 1942, ibitabo byose byanditswe n’Abahamya ba Yehova ntibigaragaza umuntu uwo ari we wese mu babyanditse.a Abakristo biyeguriye Yehova bo muri Amerika ya Ruguru n’iy’Epfo, mu Burayi, muri Afurika, muri Aziya n’abo mu birwa byo mu nyanja bagiye bagira uruhare mu gutegura izo nyigisho zikoreshwa n’amatorero y’Abahamya ba Yehova bo hirya no hino ku isi, bayobowe n’Inteko Nyobozi. Ariko icyubahiro cyose gihabwa Yehova Imana.

Umucyo urushaho kumurika

Amateka y’Abahamya ba Yehova muri iki gihe, agaragaza ko ibyababayeho bihuje n’ibivugwa mu Migani 4:18, hagira hati “inzira y’abakiranutsi ni nk’umucyo ukomeza kugenda wiyongera kugeza ku manywa y’ihangu.” Umucyo wakomeje kugenda wiyongera, nk’uko umucyo wo mu museke ukomeza kwiyongera kugeza izuba rirashe, ukageza ku manywa y’ihangu. Icyakora bitewe n’uko hari ibintu basuzumaga bakurikije umucyo bari bafite icyo gihe, rimwe na rimwe wasangaga hari ibintu badasobanukiwe mu buryo bwuzuye cyangwa babizi nabi. Nubwo bageragezaga uko bashoboye kose, hari ubuhanuzi batashoboraga gusobanukirwa, bakabusobanukirwa ari uko butangiye gusohora. Uko Yehova yakomezaga gutanga umucyo wo mu Ijambo rye binyuze ku mwuka we, abagaragu be babaga biteguye kugira icyo bahindura bicishije bugufi.

Icyakora uko gusobanukirwa ibintu buhoro buhoro ntibyarangiranye n’intangiriro y’amateka yabo yo muri iki gihe. Byarakomeje kugeza na n’ubu. Urugero, mu mwaka wa 1962 bagize icyo bahindura ku birebana n’uko bari basobanukiwe “abategetsi bakuru” bavugwa mu Baroma 13:1-7.

Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bamaze imyaka myinshi bigisha ko “abategetsi bakuru,” ari Yehova Imana na Yesu Kristo. Kubera iki? Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Kamena n’uwo ku ya 15 Kamena 1929, wagize icyo uvuga ku mategeko atandukanye ya leta, ugaragaza ko ibintu byabaga byemewe mu gihugu kimwe ariko mu kindi bikaba bibujijwe. Nanone wavuze ko hari amategeko ya leta yasabaga abantu gukora ibyo Imana ibuzanya cyangwa akabuza abagaragu b’Imana gukora ibyo yabategetse. Kubera ko Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bifuzaga cyane kugaragaza ko bubaha ubutegetsi bw’ikirenga bw’Imana, bumvaga ko “abategetsi bakuru” bagomba kuba ari Yehova na Yesu Kristo. Bakurikizaga amategeko ya leta, ariko bakumva ko mbere na mbere bagomba kumvira Imana. Iryo ni isomo ry’ingenzi ryabakomeje cyane mu myaka myinshi y’akaduruvayo yabaye mu isi. Ariko mu by’ukuri ntibari basobanukiwe neza ibivugwa mu Baroma 13:1-7.

Icyakora hashize imyaka myinshi nyuma yaho, bongeye gusesengura neza ibivugwa muri iyo mirongo, basuzuma ibisobanuro byayo bazirikana indi mirongo iyikikije hamwe n’ibivugwa muri Bibiliya yose muri rusange. Hanyuma mu mwaka wa 1962, basobanukiwe ko “abategetsi bakuru” ari abategetsi basanzwe ba leta, ariko Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya yabafashije gusobanukirwa neza ko bagomba kububaha mu rugero ruciriritse.b Ibyo ntibyatumye Abahamya ba Yehova bahindura uko babonaga ubutegetsi bw’isi, ahubwo byabafashije kunonosora uko bari basobanukiwe igice cy’ingenzi cyo mu Byanditswe. Buri Muhamya wese ku giti cye yagombaga gusuzumana ubwitonzi niba mu by’ukuri asohoza inshingano zimureba imbere y’Imana n’imbere y’abategetsi ba leta. Kuba Abahamya ba Yehova barasobanukiwe neza “abategetsi bakuru” abo ari bo byarabarinze, cyane cyane mu bihugu byarimo abantu barangwa n’umwuka wo gukunda igihugu by’agakabyo kandi baharanira kugira umudendezo mwinshi, bigatuma haba urugomo kandi hagashyirwaho ubutegetsi bushya.

Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, mu wa 1963, batanze ibisobanuro bikomeye ku birebana na “Babuloni Ikomeye” (Ibyah 17:5).c Basuzumye amateka asanzwe n’ay’idini babona ko Babuloni ya kera itagize ingaruka ku madini yiyita aya gikristo gusa, ahubwo ko yagize ingaruka no ku bantu bo mu turere twose tw’isi. Ibyo byatumye babona ko Babuloni Ikomeye igizwe n’amadini yose y’ikinyoma yo ku isi. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byatumye Abahamya ba Yehova bafasha abantu benshi bakuriye mu mimerere itandukanye kumvira itegeko rya Bibiliya rigira riti “bwoko bwanjye, nimuyisohokemo” (Ibyah 18:4).

Koko rero, ibintu byabayeho byasohozaga ubuhanuzi bwo mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe byatanze umucyo mwinshi wo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Mu mwaka wa 1917 hasohotse igitabo cyarimo ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe (Le mystère accompli). Ariko kandi, icyo gihe ni bwo “umunsi w’Umwami” uvugwa mu Byahishuwe 1:10 wari ugitangira, kandi ibyinshi mu byari byarahanuwe byari bitaraba kandi bitarasobanuka neza. Icyakora, ibintu byabaye mu myaka yakurikiyeho byatumye barushaho gusobanukirwa icyo gitabo cya Bibiliya, kandi ibyo bintu byagize uruhare rukomeye mu bushakashatsi bwimbitse bakoze ku gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe bwatangajwe mu mibumbe ibiri y’igitabo cyasohotse mu mwaka wa 1930 (Lumière). Mu myaka ya 1960 hasohotse ibitabo byarimo ibisobanuro bihuje n’igihe (“Babylone la Grande est tombée!” Le Royaume de Dieu a commencé son règne! n’igitabo “Alors sera consommé le mystère de Dieu”). Mu myaka igera kuri makumyabiri yakurikiyeho, bakoze ubundi bushakashatsi bwimbitse kuri icyo gitabo cya Bibiliya. Basuzumanye ubwitonzi imvugo y’ikigereranyo ikoreshwa mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe bayigereranya n’izindi mvugo bimeze kimwe zakoreshejwe mu bindi bitabo bya Bibiliya (1 Kor 2:10-13). Nanone basuzumye ibintu byabayeho mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri byasohozaga ubuhanuzi. Ibyo bagezeho muri ubwo bushakashatsi byasohotse mu mwaka wa 1988, mu gitabo gishishikaje gifite umutwe uvuga ngo Ibyahishuwe—Indunduro yabyo ikomeye iri bugufi!

Mu myaka ya mbere y’amateka yabo yo muri iki gihe, bashyizeho urufatiro. Batanze amafunguro menshi yo mu buryo bw’umwuka kandi y’agaciro kenshi. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, banditse ibitabo byinshi by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya bigenewe gufasha Abakristo bakuze mu buryo bw’umwuka n’abigishwa bashya bakomoka mu mico itandukanye. Kuba Abahamya ba Yehova barakomeje kwiga Ibyanditswe kandi bakibonera isohozwa ry’ibyo Imana yahanuye, byatumye bashobora gutangaza inyigisho za Bibiliya mu buryo busobanutse neza kurushaho. Kubera ko bakomezaga kwiga Ijambo ry’Imana bakarisobanukirwa buhoro buhoro, bafite ibyokurya byinshi byo mu buryo bw’umwuka, nk’uko Ibyanditswe byari byarahanuye ko abagaragu b’Imana bari kugira ibyokurya byinshi (Yes 65:13, 14). Abahamya ba Yehova ntibahindura uko babona ibintu bitewe n’uko bashaka kwemerwa n’isi ngo bemere kugendera ku mahame yayo yo guta umuco. Ahubwo amateka yabo agaragaza ko iyo bagize ibyo bahindura baba bagamije kurushaho gukurikiza Bibiliya, kurushaho gukurikiza urugero rw’Abakristo b’indahemuka bo mu kinyejana cya mbere no kurushaho kwemerwa n’Imana.

Bityo amateka yabo ahuje n’isengesho ry’intumwa Pawulo wandikiye Abakristo bagenzi be ati ‘ntitwahwemye gusenga tubasabira ko mwuzuzwa ubumenyi nyakuri bw’ibyo ishaka, mufite ubwenge bwose no gusobanukirwa mu buryo bw’umwuka. Ni bwo muzagenda nk’uko bikwiriye imbere ya Yehova, bityo mubone uko mumushimisha mu buryo bwuzuye, ari na ko mukomeza kwera imbuto mu murimo mwiza wose, kandi muzarushaho kugira ubumenyi nyakuri ku byerekeye Imana.’—Kolo 1:9, 10.

Nanone kuba barakomezaga kunguka ubumenyi nyakuri ku byerekeye Imana bifitanye isano n’izina ryabo ry’Abahamya ba Yehova.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 120]

C. T. Russell yemeraga ko hari abandi bamufashije igihe yatangiraga kwiga Bibiliya

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 122]

Basuzumye ibimenyetso bigaragaza neza ko Bibiliya ari Ijambo ry’Imana koko

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 123]

Abigishwa ba Bibiliya babonye ko ubutabera bw’Imana bwuzuzanya n’ubwenge, urukundo n’imbaraga byayo

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 127]

Russell yasobanukiwe ko ikuzimu atari ahantu ho kubabarizwa nyuma y’urupfu

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 129]

Abantu benshi bashyira mu gaciro ntibemeraga inyigisho y’umuriro w’ikuzimu

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 132]

Kuba Russell yarashyigikiye igitambo cy’incungu abigiranye ubushizi bw’amanga byagize ingaruka zikomeye

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 134]

Babonye ko umwaka wa 1914 wari ingenzi mu buhanuzi bwa Bibiliya

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 136]

Ibintu byose ntibyagenze nk’uko bari babyiteze

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 139]

Ubutumwa bwiza bwagombaga gutangazwa ni ubuvuga ko Ubwami bw’Imana bwatangiye gutegeka

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 140]

Ese Harimagedoni izaba ari imyivumbagatanyo y’abaturage?

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 141]

Mu mwaka wa 1932, “Isirayeli y’Imana” yaramenyekanye

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 143]

Ese ‘umugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge’ ni umuntu umwe cyangwa ni itsinda?

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 146]

Ibintu byose byari gutuma abantu bahabwa icyubahiro bitari ngombwa byagiye bikurwaho buhoro buhoro

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 148]

Iyo bagize ibyo bahindura ni uko baba bifuza kurushaho gukurikiza Ijambo ry’Imana

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 124]

Bamenyekanisha izina ry’Imana

◆ Kuva mu mwaka wa 1931, abasenga Yehova Imana y’ukuri yonyine kandi bakamukorera, bitwa Abahamya ba Yehova.

◆ Kuva ku itariki ya 15 Ukwakira 1931, izina bwite ry’Imana, Yehova, ryagaragaye ku gifubiko cy’igazeti y’“Umunara w’Umurinzi.”

◆ Mu gihe izina bwite ry’Imana ryakurwaga mu buhinduzi bwa Bibiliya bwo muri iki gihe hafi ya bwose, mu mwaka wa 1950 Abahamya ba Yehova batangiye gusohora Bibiliya y’“Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya.” Muri iyo Bibiliya izina ry’Imana ryasubijwe mu mwanya waryo.

◆ Uretse iyo Bibiliya, Abahamya ba Yehova banditse n’ibindi bitabo byibanda ku izina ry’Imana mu buryo bwihariye. Urugero, igitabo cyasohotse mu wa 1934 cyasobanuraga izina ry’Imana (“Jéhovah”), icyavugaga uko izina ry’Imana rizezwa cyasohotse mu wa 1961 (“Que ton nom soit sanctifié”), icyasobanuraga uko amahanga azamenya ko ari Yehova cyasohotse mu wa 1971 (“‘Les nations sauront que je suis Jéhovah’ — Comment?”), n’agatabo “Izina ry’Imana Rizahoraho Iteka” kasohotse mu wa 1984.

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 126]

‘Ese tuzavuguruza na Kristo?’

C. T. Russell amaze kugaragaza ko inyigisho y’Ubutatu idashingiye ku Byanditswe kandi ko idahuje n’ubwenge, yagaragaje uburakari bukiranuka abaza ati “ese tuzavuguruza intumwa n’abahanuzi na Yesu, maze twirengagize ibintu bishyize mu gaciro kandi bihwitse kugira ngo dukomeze kwizirika ku nyigisho twarazwe na Kiliziya y’abahakanyi yononekaye, iri mu mwijima kandi igendera ku miziririzo? Ntibikabeho! ‘Ndahiye Amategeko n’ubuhamya! Niba batavuga ibihuje n’iryo Jambo, ni uko nta mucyo ubarimo.’”—“Umunara w’Umurinzi,” 15 Kanama 1915.

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 133]

Ukuri kwasobanutse buhoro buhoro

Mu mwaka wa 1882, C. T. Russell yaranditse ati “Bibiliya yonyine ni yo ituyobora, ni na yo imyizerere yacu ishingiyeho, kandi kubera ko tuzi ko ukuri ko mu Byanditswe kugenda gusobanuka buhoro buhoro, twiteguye kugira icyo twongera cyangwa tunonosora ku myizerere yacu, uko tuzagenda turushaho kubona umucyo mwinshi wo muri Bibiliya.”—“Umunara w’Umurinzi,” Mata 1882, ipaji ya 7.

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 144 n’iya 145]

Imyizerere y’Abahamya ba Yehova

◆ Bibiliya ni Ijambo ry’Imana ryahumetswe (2 Tim 3:16, 17).

Ibirimo si amateka gusa cyangwa ibitekerezo by’abantu, ahubwo ni Ijambo ry’Imana ryanditswe ku bw’inyungu zacu (2 Pet 1:21; Rom 15:4; 1 Kor 10:11).

◆ Yehova ni we Mana y’ukuri yonyine (Zab 83:18; Guteg 4:39).

Yehova ni we Muremyi w’ibintu byose; bityo ni we wenyine dukwiriye gusenga (Ibyah 4:11; Luka 4:8).

Yehova ni we Mutegetsi w’Ikirenga w’Ijuru n’Isi, ni we dukwiriye kumvira byimazeyo (Ibyak 4:24; Dan 4:17; Ibyak 5:29).

◆ Yesu Kristo ni Umwana w’ikinege w’Imana; ni we wenyine Imana ubwayo yiremeye (1 Yoh 4:9; Kolo 1:13-16).

Yesu ni intangiriro y’ibyo Imana yaremye; bityo, yabanje kuba mu ijuru mbere y’uko asamwa ngo avuke ari umuntu (Ibyah 3:14; Yoh 8:23, 58).

Yesu yasengaga Se, Imana y’ukuri yonyine; Yesu ntiyigeze avuga ko angana n’Imana (Yoh 17:3; 20:17; 14:28).

Yesu yatanze ubuzima bwe bwa kimuntu butunganye kugira ngo acungure abantu. Igitambo cye gituma abantu bose bacyizera by’ukuri bashobora kubona ubuzima bw’iteka (Mar 10:45; Yoh 3:16, 36).

Yesu yazuwe mu bapfuye ari ikiremwa cy’umwuka kidashobora gupfa (1 Pet 3:18; Rom 6:9).

Yesu yagarutse (mu buryo bw’uko ari Umwami wita ku bibera ku isi) kandi ubu ahari ari ikiremwa cy’umwuka cyahawe ikuzo (Mat 24:3, 23-27; 25:31-33; Yoh 14:19).

◆ Satani ni “umutware w’iyi si” utaboneka (Yoh 12:31; 1 Yoh 5:19).

Kera yari umwana w’Imana utunganye, ariko yemeye ko ubwibone bushinga imizi mu mutima we, ararikira gusengwa kandi byari bigenewe Yehova wenyine, maze yoshya Adamu na Eva baramwumvira aho kumvira Imana. Ni uko yihinduye Satani bisobanura Umwanzi. (Yoh 8:44; Intang 3:1-5; gereranya no Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 32:4, 5; Yakobo 1:14, 15; Luka 4:5-7.)

Satani ‘ayobya isi yose ituwe’ kandi we n’abadayimoni be ni bo nyirabayazana w’ibibazo byose biri ku isi muri iyi minsi y’imperuka (Ibyah 12:7-9, 12).

Igihe Imana yagennye nikigera izarimbura burundu Satani n’abadayimoni be (Ibyah 20:10; 21:8).

◆ Ubwami bw’Imana buyobowe na Kristo buzasimbura ubutegetsi bw’abantu bwose, kandi ni bwo butegetsi bwonyine buzategeka abantu bose (Dan 7:13, 14).

Iyi si mbi izakurwaho burundu (Dan 2:44; Ibyah 16:14, 16; Yes 34:2).

Ubwami bw’Imana buzategekesha gukiranuka kandi buzazanira amahoro abayoboke babwo bose (Yes 9:6, 7; 11:1-5; 32:17; Zab 85:10-12).

Ababi bose bazarimbuka iteka, ariko abasenga Yehova bazabaho iteka bafite umutekano (Imig 2:21, 22; Zab 37:9-11; Mat 25:41-46; 2 Tes 1:6-9; Mika 4:3-5).

◆ Kuva mu mwaka wa 1914,d turi “mu gihe cy’imperuka” y’isi mbi (Mat 24:3-14; 2 Tim 3:1-5; Dan 12:4).

Muri iki gihe, ubuhamya burimo buratangwa mu mahanga yose, hanyuma hazakurikiraho imperuka, atari imperuka y’uyu mubumbe ahubwo ni imperuka y’iyi si mbi y’abantu batubaha Imana (Mat 24:3, 14; 2 Pet 3:7; Umubw 1:4).

◆ Hariho inzira imwe rukumbi iyobora ku buzima. Imana ntiyemera amadini yose cyangwa ibikorwa byayo byose (Mat 7:13, 14; Yoh 4:23, 24; Efe 4:4, 5).

Idini ry’ukuri ntiryibanda ku migenzo cyangwa kwibonekeza, ahubwo rirangwa no gukunda Imana by’ukuri bigaragazwa no kumvira amategeko yayo no gukunda bagenzi babo (Mat 15:8, 9; 1 Yoh 5:3; 3:10-18; 4:21; Yoh 13:34, 35).

Abantu bo mu mahanga yose, amoko yose n’indimi zose bashobora kwemerwa na Yehova kandi bakamukorera (Ibyak 10:34, 35; Ibyah 7:9-17).

Abantu bagomba gusenga Yehova wenyine babinyujije kuri Yesu; amashusho ntagomba gukoreshwa nk’ibintu bisengwa cyangwa bibafasha kuyisenga (Mat 6:9; Yoh 14:6, 13, 14; 1 Yoh 5:21; 2 Kor 5:7; 6:16; Yes 42:8).

Birinda ibikorwa byose bifitanye isano n’ubupfumu (Gal 5:19-21; Guteg 18:10-12; Ibyah 21:8).

Abakristo b’ukuri ntibagira abayobozi bo mu rwego rw’idini batandukanye n’abayoboke basanzwe (Mat 20:25-27; 23:8-12).

Abakristo b’ukuri ntibaziririza isabato ya buri cyumweru cyangwa ngo bakurikize ibindi bintu byasabwaga mu Mategeko ya Mose bibwira ko ari byo bizabahesha agakiza; kuko ibyo byaba bigaragaza ko banze Kristo washohoje amategeko (Gal 5:4; Rom 10:4; Kolo 2:13-17).

Abantu basenga Imana by’ukuri ntibivanga mu bikorwa mpuzamatorero (2 Kor 6:14-17; Ibyah 18:4).

Abigishwa nyakuri ba Yesu bose bagomba kubatizwa bibizwa mu mazi (Mat 28:19, 20; Mar 1:9, 10; Ibyak 8:36-38).

Abantu bose bakurikiza urugero rwa Yesu kandi bakumvira amategeko ye bahamiriza abandi iby’Ubwami bw’Imana (Luka 4:43; 8:1; Mat 10:7; 24:14).

◆ Urupfu rwazanywe n’icyaha cya Adamu (Rom 5:12; 6:23).

Iyo umuntu apfuye, ubugingo nabwo burapfa (Ezek 18:4).

Abapfuye nta cyo baba bazi (Zab 146:4; Umubw 9:5, 10).

Ikuzimu (Shewoli, Hadesi) ni imva rusange y’abantu bose (Yobu 14:13, Ibyah 20:13, 14).

Bibiliya igaragaza ko ‘Inyanja y’umuriro’ abantu babi banze kwihana bazajyamo, isobanura “urupfu rwa kabiri,” ni ukuvuga urupfu rw’iteka (Ibyah 21:8).

Umuzuko ni ibyiringiro by’abapfuye n’abapfushije ababo (1 Kor 15:20-22; Yoh 5:28, 29; gereranya na Yoh 11:25, 26, 38-44; Mar 5:35-42).

Urupfu rwatewe n’icyaha cya Adamu ruzavaho burundu (1 Kor 15:26; Yes 25:8; Ibyah 21:4).

◆ Abantu 144.000, bagize ‘umukumbi muto’ ni bo bonyine bazajya mu ijuru (Luka 12:32; Ibyah 14:1, 3).

Ni bo bonyine ‘bongera kubyarwa’ bakaba abana b’Imana bo mu buryo bw’umwuka (Yoh 3:3; 1 Pet 1:3, 4).

Imana ibatoranya ibakuye mu bantu bo mu mahanga yose n’amoko yose kugira ngo bazabe abami bazategekana na Kristo mu Bwami bwe (Ibyah 5:9, 10; 20:6).

◆ Abandi bantu Imana yemera bazaba ku isi iteka ryose (Zab 37:29; Mat 5:5; 2 Pet 3:13).

Isi ntizigera irimbuka cyangwa ngo ishiremo abantu (Zab 104:5; Yes 45:18).

Isi yose izahinduka paradizo, nk’uko byari mu mugambi w’Imana kuva ikiyirema (Intang 1:27, 28; 2:8, 9; Luka 23:42, 43).

Abantu bose bazaba bafite amazu akwiriye n’ibyokurya byinshi (Yes 65:21-23; Zab 72:16).

Indwara, ubumuga bwose, ndetse n’urupfu ntibizabaho ukundi (Ibyah 21:3, 4; Yes 35:5, 6).

◆ Abayobozi ba leta bagomba guhabwa icyubahiro kibakwiriye (Rom 13:1-7; Tito 3:1, 2).

Abakristo b’ukuri ntibigomeka ku butegetsi (Imig 24:21, 22; Rom 13:1).

Bakurikiza amategeko yose atanyuranyije n’amategeko y’Imana, ariko Imana ni yo bumvira mbere na mbere (Ibyak 5:29).

Bigana Yesu, bakirinda kugira aho babogamira muri politiki y’isi (Mat 22:15-21; Yoh 6:15).

◆ Abakristo bagomba gukurikiza amahame ya Bibiliya ku birebana n’amaraso n’ubusambanyi (Ibyak 15:28, 29).

Kwinjiza amaraso mu mubiri, yaba anyuze mu kanwa cyangwa mu mitsi, ni ukwica itegeko ry’Imana (Intang 9:3-6; Ibyak 15:19, 20).

Abakristo bagomba kuba abantu b’indakemwa mu by’umuco, bakirinda ubusambanyi, ubuhehesi, kuryamana kw’abahuje ibitsina, gusinda n’ibiyobyabwenge (1 Kor 6:9-11; 2 Kor 7:1).

◆ Abakristo bagomba kugaragaza ubudahemuka mu gihe basohoza inshingano z’abashakanye n’iz’umuryango (1 Tim 5:8; Kolo 3:18-21; Heb 13:4).

Nta Mukristo ukwiriye kubeshya mu magambo cyangwa mu bucuruzi cyangwa ngo yigire indyarya (Imig 6:16-19; Efe 4:25; Mat 6:5; Zab 26:4).

◆ Kugira ngo dusenge Yehova mu buryo yemera tugomba kumukunda nta kindi tumubangikanyije na cyo (Luka 10:27; Guteg 5:9).

Ikintu cy’ingenzi mu mibereho y’Umukristo w’ukuri ni ugukora ibyo Yehova ashaka, no guhesha ikuzo izina rye (Yoh 4:34; Kolo 3:23; 1 Pet 2:12).

Nubwo Abakristo bagirira neza abantu bose uko babishoboye, bazirikana ko bafite inshingano yihariye yo gufasha abagaragu b’Imana bagenzi babo igihe barwaye cyangwa bagwiririwe n’amakuba (Gal 6:10; 1 Yoh 3:16-18).

Urukundo Abakristo b’ukuri bakunda Imana rutuma bumvira itegeko ryayo ribasaba gukunda bagenzi babo kandi bakirinda ubwiyandarike no gukunda ubutunzi byogeye muri iyi si. Abakristo b’ukuri si ab’isi, bityo birinda kwifatanya mu bikorwa byagaragaza ko bafite umwuka w’isi (Rom 13:8, 9; 1 Yoh 2:15-17; Yoh 15:19; Yak 4:4).

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 121]

C. T. Russell yatangiye kwandika “Umunara w’Umurinzi” mu mwaka wa 1879, igihe yari afite imyaka 27

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 125]

Isaac Newton na Henry Grew ni bamwe mu bari baramaganye inyigisho y’Ubutatu idashingiye ku Byanditswe

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 128]

Mu biganiro mpaka Russell yagiyemo, yavuze ko iyo abantu bapfuye baba bapfuye; ntibajya kubana n’abamarayika cyangwa ngo bajye kubana n’abadayimoni ahantu hateye ubwoba

Carnegie Hall, Allegheny, Pennsylvania, aho yatangiraga ibyo biganiro

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 130]

Russell yagiye mu migi mito n’iminini kugira ngo asobanure ukuri ku birebana n’ikuzimu

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 131]

Igihe Frederick Franz yigaga muri kaminuza, yamenye ukuri ku birebana n’imimerere y’abapfuye, ahita ahindura intego yari afite mu buzima

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 135]

Abigishwa ba Bibiliya batangaje mu rugero rwagutse ko ibihe by’amahanga byari kurangira mu mwaka wa 1914 nk’uko bivugwa muri iyi nkuru y’Ubwami batanze muri uwo mwaka

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 137]

Mu mwaka wa 1931, J. F. Rutherford yatangaje ubutumwa ku maradiyo mpuzamahanga yariho icyo gihe, agaragaza ko Ubwami bw’Imana ari bwo bwonyine bushobora kuzanira abantu ihumure rirambye

Disikuru ivuga ko Ubwami bw’Imana ari bwo byiringiro by’abantu, yanyuze ku maradiyo 163 icyarimwe kandi iza gusubirwamo n’andi maradiyo 340

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 142]

Mu mwaka wa 1925, A. H. Macmillan yafashe ubwato ajya muri Palestina, bitewe n’uko bumvaga ko Abayahudi bari bafite umwanya wihariye mu isohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi bwo muri Bibiliya