Ese Yesu yigishije ibihereranye n’ibyiringiro by’ubuzima bw’iteka ku isi?
“[Imana] izahanagura amarira yose ku maso yabo, kandi urupfu ntiruzabaho ukundi.”—IBYAH 21:4.
1, 2. Tubwirwa n’iki ko Abayahudi benshi bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bari bafite ibyiringiro by’ubuzima bw’iteka ku isi?
HARI umusore wari umukire kandi akomeye, wasanze Yesu yiruka, amupfukama imbere, maze aramubaza ati “Mwigisha mwiza, ngomba gukora iki kugira ngo nzabone ubuzima bw’iteka” (Mar 10:17)? Uwo musore yabazaga ibihereranye no kuragwa ubuzima bw’iteka. Ariko se hehe? Nk’uko twabisuzumye mu gice kibanziriza iki, hari hashize ibinyejana byinshi Imana itumye Abayahudi bagira ibyiringiro by’umuzuko n’iby’ubuzima bw’iteka ku isi. Abayahudi benshi bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bari bagifite ibyo byiringiro.
2 Kuba Marita wari incuti ya Yesu yaravuze ibya musaza we wari wapfuye agira ati “nzi ko azazuka ku muzuko wo ku munsi wa nyuma,” bigaragaza ko yatekerezaga ku muzuko uzaba ku isi (Yoh 11:24). Mu by’ukuri, Abasadukayo bo muri icyo gihe ntibemeraga umuzuko (Mar 12:18). Ariko kandi, mu gitabo George Foot Moore yanditse, yagize ati “inyandiko . . . zo mu kinyejana cya kabiri cyangwa icya mbere Mbere ya Yesu, zihamya ko abenshi bizeraga ko hari igihe kizagera abapfuye bakazukira ku isi” (Judaism in the First Centuries of the Christian Era). Wa musore w’umukire wasanze Yesu yifuzaga kuzabaho iteka ku isi.
3. Ni ibihe bibazo turi busuzume muri iki gice?
3 Muri iki gihe, abantu bo mu madini menshi hamwe n’abantu benshi b’intiti mu bya Bibiliya, bahakana ko Yesu yigishije ibihereranye n’ibyiringiro by’ubuzima bw’iteka ku isi. Abantu benshi biringira ko nibamara gupfa bazajya kuba mu buturo bw’imyuka. Ku bw’ibyo, iyo abasomyi b’Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo babonye amagambo ngo “ubuzima bw’iteka,” abenshi batekereza ko aba yerekeza buri gihe ku buzima bwo mu ijuru. Ese ibyo ni ukuri? Ni iki Yesu yashakaga kuvuga igihe yavugaga ibihereranye n’ubuzima bw’iteka? Ni iki Abigishwa be bizeraga? Ese Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo byigisha ko dushobora kugira ibyiringiro byo kuzabaho iteka ku isi?
Ubuzima bw’iteka “mu gihe cyo guhindura byose bishya”
4. Ni iki kizaba “mu gihe cyo guhindura byose bishya?”
4 Bibiliya yigisha ko itsinda ry’Abakristo basutsweho umwuka bari kuzukira gutegeka isi bari mu ijuru (Luka 12:32; Ibyah 5:9, 10; 14:1-3). Icyakora, iyo Yesu yavugaga ibihereranye n’ubuzima bw’iteka, si ko buri gihe yabaga yerekeza kuri iryo tsinda ryonyine. Zirikana ibyo yabwiye abigishwa be, nyuma y’aho wa musore w’umukire agiriye agahinda kenshi kubera ko yari amusabye gusiga ubutunzi bwe bwose, hanyuma agakurikira Kristo. (Soma muri Matayo 19:28, 29.) Yesu yabwiye intumwa ze ko zari kuzaba mu bantu bari kuzategeka kandi bagacira imanza “imiryango cumi n’ibiri ya Isirayeli,” ni ukuvuga abantu batari mu itsinda ry’abazategekera mu ijuru (1 Kor 6:2). Nanone Yesu yavuze ingororano ‘abantu bose’ bamukurikira bazabona. Abo bantu na bo ‘bazaragwa ubuzima bw’iteka.’ Ibyo byose bizaba “mu gihe cyo guhindura byose bishya.”
5. Ni gute wasobanura ‘igihe cyo guhindura byose bishya?’
5 Yesu yashakaga kuvuga iki igihe yavugaga iby’‘igihe cyo guhindura byose bishya?’ Muri Bibiliya Yera ayo magambo ahindurwa ngo “mu gihe cyo guhindura byose ngo bibe bishya.” Muri Bibiliya Ntagatifu ahindurwa ngo “igihe byose bizavugururwa.” Naho muri Bibiliya yitwa Inkuru Nziza ku Muntu Wese ahindurwa ngo “igihe ibintu byose bizaba bihinduwe bishya.” Uko bigaragara impamvu Yesu atasobanuye ayo magambo, ni uko yerekezaga ku byiringiro Abayahudi bari bamaranye ibinyejana byinshi. Hagombaga kubaho igihe cyo guhindura imimerere yo ku isi ikongera kuba mishya, kugira ngo ibintu bimere nk’uko byari bimeze mu busitani bwa Edeni, igihe Adamu na Eva bari bataracumura. Guhindura byose bishya, bizatuma isezerano ry’Imana ryo ‘kurema ijuru rishya n’isi nshya’ risohora.—Yes 65:17.
6. Urugero ruvuga iby’intama n’ihene rutwigisha iki ku bihereranye n’ibyiringiro by’ubuzima bw’iteka?
6 Yesu yongeye kuvuga iby’ubuzima bw’iteka igihe yavugaga ibihereranye n’imperuka y’iyi si (Mat 24:1-3). Yaravuze ati “ubwo Umwana w’umuntu azaza afite ikuzo ashagawe n’abamarayika bose, icyo gihe azicara ku ntebe ye y’ubwami y’ikuzo. Amahanga yose azateranyirizwa imbere ye, maze atandukanye abantu nk’uko umwungeri atandukanya intama n’ihene.” Abazacirwaho iteka “bazarimburwa iteka ryose, ariko abakiranutsi bo bazahabwa ubuzima bw’iteka.” “Abakiranutsi” bazahabwa ubuzima bw’iteka ni abashyigikira mu budahemuka ‘abavandimwe’ ba Kristo basutsweho umwuka (Mat 25:31-34, 40, 41, 45, 46). Kubera ko abasutsweho umwuka batoranyirijwe kujya gutegeka mu Bwami bwo mu ijuru, “abakiranutsi” ni abayoboke bo ku isi b’ubwo Bwami. Bibiliya igira iti “[Umwami washyizweho na Yehova] azagira abayoboke kuva ku nyanja kugera ku yindi, no kuva kuri rwa Ruzi kugera ku mpera z’isi” (Zab 72:8, NW). Abo bayoboke b’Ubwami bazabaho iteka ku isi.
Ni iki Ivanjiri ya Yohana igaragaza?
7, 8. Ni ibihe byiringiro by’uburyo bubiri Yesu yabwiye Nikodemu?
7 Nk’uko bigaragara mu Ivanjiri ya Matayo, iya Mariko n’iya Luka, Yesu yakoresheje amagambo ngo “ubuzima bw’iteka” mu mimerere twabonye mu ngingo zibanza. Ivanjiri ya Yohana isubiramo amagambo ya Yesu avuga ibyo kubaho iteka incuro zigera kuri 17. Reka dusuzume imwe muri iyo mirongo ibonekamo ayo magambo, kugira ngo turebe icyo Yesu yavuze ku bihereranye n’ibyiringiro by’ubuzima bw’iteka ku isi.
8 Dukurikije ibyo Yohana yavuze, Yesu yavuze bwa mbere ibihereranye n’ubuzima bw’iteka igihe yavugishaga Umufarisayo witwaga Nikodemu. Yaramubwiye ati ‘umuntu atabyawe binyuze ku mazi no ku mwuka ntashobora kwinjira mu bwami bw’Imana.’ Abantu bazajya mu Bwami bwo mu ijuru bagomba “kongera kubyarwa” (Yoh 3:3-5). Ibyo si byo Yesu yavuze gusa. Yakomeje avuga ibihereranye n’ibyiringiro abantu bose bashobora kugira. (Soma muri Yohana 3:16.) Yesu yerekezaga ku byiringiro abigishwa be basutsweho umwuka bafite byo kuzabaho iteka mu ijuru, n’ibyo kuzabaho iteka ku isi ku bandi bantu.
9. Yesu yabwiye Umusamariyakazi ibihereranye n’ibihe byiringiro?
9 Yesu amaze kuvugana na Nikodemu bari i Yerusalemu, yerekeje mu majyaruguru ajya i Galilaya. Igihe yagendaga, yahuriye n’umugore ku iriba rya Yakobo ryari hafi y’umugi wa Sukara muri Samariya. Yaramubwiye ati “umuntu wese unywa ku mazi nzamuha ntazagira inyota ukundi, ahubwo amazi nzamuha azaba isoko y’amazi idudubiza muri we, kugira ngo itange ubuzima bw’iteka” (Yoh 4:5, 6, 14). Ayo mazi agereranya ibyo Imana yateganyije kugira ngo abantu bazongere kubaho iteka, hakubiyemo n’abazaba ku isi. Mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe havuga ko Imana ubwayo ari yo yavuze iti “umuntu wese ufite inyota nzamuha kunywa ku isoko y’amazi y’ubuzima ku buntu” (Ibyah 21:5, 6; 22:17). Ku bw’ibyo, igihe Yesu yabwiraga uwo Musamariyakazi ibihereranye n’ubuzima bw’iteka, ntiyerekezaga gusa ku basutsweho umwuka bazaragwa Ubwami, ahubwo yanerekezaga ku bantu bizera Imana n’imigambi yayo, bafite ibyiringiro byo kuzaba ku isi.
10. Igihe Yesu yavuganaga n’abanyamadini bamurwanyaga ubwo yari amaze gukiriza umuntu ku kidendezi cyitwaga Betesida, ni iki yababwiye ku bihereranye n’ubuzima bw’iteka?
10 Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, Yesu yagarutse muri Yerusalemu. Ubwo ni bwo yakirije umugabo wari urwaye ku kidendezi cyitwaga Betesida. Yesu yasobanuriye Abayahudi banengaga ibyo yakoraga ati “nta kintu na kimwe Umwana ashobora gukora yibwirije, keretse gusa icyo abonye Se akora.” Yesu amaze kubabwira ko “ibyo guca imanza byose [Se] yabihaye Umwana,” yababwiye ko ‘uwumva ijambo rye kandi akizera uwamutumye ari we ufite ubuzima bw’iteka.’ Nanone Yesu yarababwiye ati ‘igihe kigiye kugera, maze abari mu mva bose bumve ijwi ry’[Umwana w’umuntu] bavemo, abakoze ibyiza bazukire guhabwa ubuzima, naho abakoze ibibi bazukire gucirwa urubanza’ (Yoh 5:1-9, 19, 22, 24-29). Yesu yabwiraga abo Bayahudi bamurwanyaga ko ari we Imana yashyizeho kugira ngo azasohoze ibyiringiro Abayahudi bari bafite by’ubuzima bw’iteka ku isi, kandi ko yari kuzabikora azura abapfuye.
11. Tubwirwa n’iki ko ibyiringiro by’ubuzima bw’iteka ku isi biri mu byo Yesu yavuze muri Yohana 6:48-51?
11 Igihe Yesu yari i Galilaya, abantu babarirwaga mu bihumbi bashakaga kwirira imigati yatuburaga mu buryo bw’igitangaza, batangiye kumukurikira. Yesu yababwiye ibihereranye n’undi mugati, ni ukuvuga ‘umugati w’ubuzima.’ (Soma muri Yohana 6:40, 48-51.) Yesu yaravuze ati “umugati nzatanga ni umubiri wanjye.” Yesu ntiyatangiye ubuzima bwe abazategekana na we mu Bwami bwo mu juru gusa, ahubwo nanone yabutanze “kugira ngo isi [y’abakwiriye gucungurwa] ibone ubuzima.” Umuntu “urya kuri uwo mugati,” ni ukuvuga umuntu wizera ubushobozi bwo gucungura bw’igitambo cya Yesu, agira ibyiringiro by’ubuzima bw’iteka. Koko rero, amagambo ngo ‘kubaho iteka ryose,’ akubiyemo ibyiringiro Abayahudi bari bamaranye igihe byo kuzabaho iteka ku isi mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Mesiya.
12. Ni ibihe byiringiro Yesu yerekezagaho igihe yabwiraga abamurwanyaga ko ‘azaha ubuzima bw’iteka intama ze’?
12 Nyuma yaho, mu gihe cy’Umunsi Mukuru wo Gutaha Urusengero wabereye i Yerusalemu, Yesu yabwiye abamurwanyaga ati “ntimwizeye kubera ko mutari abo mu ntama zanjye. Intama zanjye zumva ijwi ryanjye, ndazizi kandi na zo zirankurikira. Nziha ubuzima bw’iteka” (Yoh 10:26-28). Ese Yesu yaba yaravugaga ubuzima bwo mu ijuru gusa, cyangwa yanerekezaga ku buzima bw’iteka ku isi izahinduka paradizo? Hari hashize igihe gito Yesu abwiye abigishwa be amagambo abahumuriza ati “ntimutinye, mwa mukumbi muto mwe, kuko So yemeye kubaha ubwami” (Luka 12:32). Icyakora kuri uwo munsi mukuru, Yesu yagize ati “mfite n’izindi ntama zitari izo muri uru rugo; izo na zo ngomba kuzizana” (Yoh 10:16). Ku bw’ibyo, igihe Yesu yavuganaga n’abamurwanyaga, amagambo ye yari akubiyemo ibyiringiro by’ubuzima bwo mu ijuru ku “mukumbi muto,” n’ibyiringiro by’ubuzima bw’iteka ku isi ku bantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bagize “izindi ntama.”
Ibyiringiro bitasabaga ibisobanuro
13. Ni iki Yesu yashakaga kuvuga igihe yavugaga ati “uzaba uri kumwe nanjye muri Paradizo”?
13 Igihe Yesu yari ku giti cy’umubabaro ari hafi gupfa, yahamije ibyiringiro by’abantu mu buryo budasubirwaho. Umugizi wa nabi wari umanitswe iruhande rwe yaramubwiye ati “Yesu, uzanyibuke nugera mu bwami bwawe.” Yesu yaramusezeranyije ati “uyu munsi ndakubwiza ukuri: uzaba uri kumwe nanjye muri Paradizo” (Luka 23:42, 43). Uko bigaragara, kubera ko uwo mugabo yari Umuyahudi, ntiyari akeneye ibisobanuro ku bihereranye na Paradizo. Yari azi ibihereranye n’ibyiringiro by’uko hazabaho ubuzima bw’iteka ku isi.
14. (a) Ni iki kigaragaza ko gusobanukirwa ibihereranye n’ibyiringiro by’ijuru byagoye intumwa? (b) Ni ryari abigishwa ba Yesu basobanukiwe neza ibihereranye n’ibyiringiro by’ijuru?
14 Icyakora, ikintu Yesu yabonaga ko gikwiriye gusobanurwa, ni ibyiringiro by’ijuru. Igihe yabwiraga abigishwa be ko agiye kujya mu ijuru kubategurira umwanya, ntabwo basobanukiwe icyo yashakaga kubabwira. (Soma muri Yohana 14:2-5.) Nyuma yaho yarababwiye ati “nari ngifite byinshi byo kubabwira, ariko ntimushobora kubisobanukirwa nonaha. Icyakora uwo mufasha naza, ari wo mwuka w’ukuri, azabayobora mu kuri kose” (Yoh 16:12, 13). Nyuma ya Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33, ubwo Imana yasukaga umwuka wera ku bigishwa ba Yesu kugira ngo bazabe abami, ni bwo basobanukiwe ko intebe zabo z’Ubwami zari kuba mu ijuru (1 Kor 15:49; Kolo 1:5; 1 Pet 1:3, 4). Ibyiringiro bw’umurage wo mu ijuru byari inyigisho nshya, kandi byibanzweho mu mabaruwa yahumetswe yo mu Byanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo. Ariko se ayo mabaruwa yaba yarongeye gushimangira ibyiringiro by’ubuzima bw’iteka ku isi?
Ni iki amabaruwa yahumetswe avuga?
15, 16. Ni gute ibaruwa yahumetswe yandikiwe Abaheburayo hamwe n’amagambo ya Petero, bigaragaza ibyiringiro by’ubuzima bw’iteka ku isi?
15 Mu ibaruwa intumwa Pawulo yandikiye Abaheburayo, yerekeje kuri bagenzi be bahuje ukwizera abita ‘abavandimwe bera, basangiye guhamagarwa ko mu ijuru.’ Ariko kandi, yanavuze ko Imana yahaye Yesu “isi ituwe igomba kuza” kugira ngo ayitegeke (Heb 2:3, 5; 3:1). Mu Byanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo, ijambo ry’umwimerere ryahinduwemo “isi ituwe” buri gihe ryerekeza ku isi ituwe n’abantu. Ku bw’ibyo, “isi ituwe igomba kuza” ni isi izaba iyobowe n’ubutegetsi bwa Yesu Kristo. Ubwo ni bwo Yesu azasohoza isezerano ry’Imana rigira riti “abakiranutsi bazaragwa isi, kandi bazayituraho iteka ryose.”—Zab 37:29, NW.
16 Intumwa Petero na we yarahumekewe yandika ibihereranye n’ibyiringiro by’abantu by’igihe kizaza. Yaranditse ati ‘ijuru n’isi biriho ubu bibikiwe umuriro, kandi bitegereje umunsi w’urubanza no kurimbuka kw’abatubaha Imana’ (2 Pet 3:7). Ni iki kizasimbura ijuru rigereranya ubutegetsi bw’abantu n’isi y’abantu babi biriho muri iki gihe? (Soma muri 2 Petero 3:13.) Bizasimburwa n’“ijuru rishya,” ari ryo Bwami bw’Imana buyobowe na Mesiya, n’“isi nshya,” ari yo muryango w’abantu bakiranuka kandi basenga Imana by’ukuri.
17. Ni gute ibyiringiro by’abantu bivugwa mu Byahishuwe 21:1-4?
17 Igitabo cya nyuma cya Bibiliya kirimo iyerekwa rishimishije cyane ry’abantu barimo bagezwa ku butungane. (Soma mu Byahishuwe 21:1-4.) Ibyo byakomeje kuba ibyiringiro by’abantu bizera kuva abantu ba mbere bacumura mu busitani bwa Edeni. Abantu bakiranuka bazaba muri Paradizo ku isi iteka ryose nta gusaza. Ibyo byiringiro bishingiye ku Byanditswe bya Giheburayo n’Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo mu buryo budashidikanywaho. Ibyo byiringiro biracyakomeza abagaragu ba Yehova bizerwa bariho muri iki gihe.—Ibyah 22:1, 2.
Ese ushobora gusobanura?
• Ni iki Yesu yashakaga kuvuga igihe yavugaga iby’“igihe cyo guhindura byose bishya?”
• Yesu yabwiye Nikodemu ibihereranye n’iki?
• Ni iki Yesu yasezeranyije umugizi wa nabi wari umanitswe iruhande rwe?
• Ni gute ibaruwa yandikiwe Abaheburayo hamwe n’amagambo ya Petero, bihamya ibyiringiro by’ubuzima bw’iteka ku isi?
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 8]
Abantu bagereranywa n’intama bazahabwa ubuzima bw’iteka ku isi
[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 10]
Yesu yabwiye abandi ibihereranye n’ubuzima bw’iteka