Byavuye mu magambo biba inyandiko zera​—Abakristo ba mbere n’inyandiko

ABANTU benshi bizera bagiye bakoresha amasaha menshi cyane basoma, biga cyangwa se basesengura zimwe mu nyandiko zizwi cyane zabayeho. Izo nyandiko ni izigize Isezerano Rishya, uko akaba ari ko abantu bakunze kwita Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo. Izo nyandiko hamwe n’izindi zigize Bibiliya, zagize ingaruka zikomeye muri iyi si, zagaragaje amahame mbwirizamuco kandi abanditsi n’abanyabugeni bagiye baziheraho bagahimba ibihangano byabo. Icy’ingenzi kurushaho ni uko zafashije abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni kugira ubumenyi nyakuri ku byerekeye Imana na Yesu, kandi wenda nawe uri mu bo zafashije.—Yohana 17:3.

Amavanjiri hamwe n’izindi nyandiko zigize Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo ntibyanditswe Yesu akimara gupfa. Uko bigaragara, Matayo yanditse Ivanjiri ye imyaka 7 cyangwa 8 nyuma y’urupfu rwa Yesu, naho Yohana yandika iye imyaka igera kuri 65 nyuma y’urupfu rwa Yesu. None se bashoboye bate kwandika ibyo Yesu yavuze n’ibyo yakoze nta kwibeshya? Biragaragara ko umwuka wera w’Imana wagize uruhare rukomeye mu kubayobora (Yohana 14:16, 26). Ariko se ni gute abantu bagiye bahererekanya inyigisho za Yesu batazigoretse, amaherezo zikaza kuba zimwe mu bigize Ibyanditswe Byera?

“Ese nta buhanga bwo kwandika bari bafite”?

Mu kinyejana gishize, hari abantu bakekaga ko abigishwa ba mbere ba Yesu bashobora kuba batarandikaga inyigisho n’ibikorwa bya Yesu, ahubwo ko bagendaga babibwirana. Urugero, hari umuhanga wagize ati “hagati y’igihe Yesu yakoreye umurimo we n’igihe abanditsi b’Amavanjiri bandikiye ibyo yavuze, haciyemo imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo. Muri icyo gihe ibyo abantu bari bazi kuri Yesu bagendaga babihererekanya mu mvugo.” Ndetse hari n’abashakashatsi bavuga ko abigishwa ba mbere ba Yesu ‘batari bafite ubuhanga bwo kwandika.’a Nanone kandi, bavuga ko mu gihe cy’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo abantu bamaze bahererekanya inkuru zivuga iby’umurimo wa Yesu, izo nkuru zongewemo ibindi bintu, zigahindurwa cyangwa zikanonosorwa. Bavuga ko ibyo byatumye haboneka inkuru zidafite aho zihuriye n’uko ibintu byagenze.

Ikindi gitekerezo gishyigikiwe na zimwe mu ntiti, ni uko abigishwa b’Abayahudi bagendanaga na Yesu bashobora kuba barakurikizaga uburyo abigishamategeko b’Abayahudi bakoreshaga bigisha, ubwo akaba ari uburyo bwo gufata mu mutwe amagambo hanyuma bakajya bayasubiramo kenshi. Ubwo buryo bwatumaga inkuru bahererekanyije mu mvugo zidahinduka. Ese abo bigishwa bahererekanyaga inkuru mu mvugo gusa? Kwandika se byaba byaragize uruhare mu gutuma inkuru zivuga iby’umurimo wa Yesu zitazimangatana? Nubwo tutabihamya, birashoboka ko kwandika byabigizemo uruhare.

Abantu bakoreshaga inyandiko mu mibereho yabo ya buri munsi

Mu kinyejana cya mbere, abantu b’ingeri zose bari bazi gusoma no kwandika. Umwarimu w’Igiheburayo n’indimi za kera zavugwaga mu karere k’i Burasirazuba witwa Alan Millard yagize icyo abivugaho. Yaravuze ati “kwandika mu Kigiriki, mu Cyarameyi no mu Giheburayo byari byogeye hose, kandi washoboraga gusanga abantu b’ingeri zose babikora.” Yongeyeho ati “aho ni ho Yesu yakoreraga umurimo.”

Ku birebana n’igitekerezo cy’uko Amavanjiri “yanditswe n’abantu batigishijwe,” Porofeseri Millard yaranditse ati “ibyo ntibishobora kuba byo kubera ko muri rusange abantu bari bazi kwandika . . . Bityo rero, buri gihe habaga hari abantu bashoboraga kwandika ibyo babaga bumvise, bakabyandika kubera ko babaga babikeneye cyangwa bashaka kubimenyesha abandi.”

Biragaragara ko icyo gihe habagaho utubaho dusize ibishashara, kandi iyo umuntu yabaga ashaka kugira icyo yandika yaradukoreshaga. Urugero rubigaragaza turusanga mu gice cya mbere cy’Ivanjiri ya Luka. Zakariya wamaze igihe runaka ari ikiragi, abantu bamubajije izina yifuzaga kwita umwana we. Ku murongo wa 63 hagira hati “abasaba akabaho [uko bigaragara abaciriye amarenga] yandikaho ati ‘Yohana ni ryo zina rye.’” Inkoranyamagambo zisobanura Bibiliya zivuga ko ijambo “akabaho” rishobora kuba ryarerekezaga ku kabaho bandikagaho kabaga gakozwe mu giti, wenda kakaba kari gasize ibishashara. Aho hashobora kuba hari umuntu wari ufite akabaho bari barateganyirije Zakariya kugira ngo yandikeho.

Urundi rugero ni urugaragaza ukuntu utubaho bandikagaho n’imikoreshereze yatwo byari bizwi icyo gihe. Mu gitabo cy’Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa handitswemo ko igihe Petero yahaga disikuru imbaga y’abantu bari mu rusengero, yabateye inkunga agira ati ‘nimwihane, ibyaha byanyu bihanagurwe’ (Ibyakozwe 3:11, 19). Hari inkoranyamagambo yagize iti “igitekerezo cyagaragajwe mu nshinga ‘guhanagurwa,’ haba muri uyu murongo cyangwa ahandi muri Bibiliya, gishaka kuvuga ko basigaga ibishashara neza ku kabaho bandikagaho, kugira ngo bazongere bagakoreshe” (The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology).

Nanone, inkuru zo mu Mavanjiri zigaragaza ko mu bigishwa ba Yesu no mu babaga bamuteze amatwi habaga harimo abantu bashobora kuba barakoreshaga inyandiko mu kazi kabo ka buri munsi. Urugero, hari abakoresha b’ikoro nka Matayo na Zakayo (Matayo 9:9; Luka 19:2); umutware w’isinagogi (Mariko 5:22); umutware utwara umutwe w’abasirikare (Matayo 8:5); Yowana, umugore w’umutegetsi wari ukomeye ku ngoma ya Herode Antipa (Luka 8:3); ndetse n’abanditsi, Abafarisayo, Abasadukayo n’abari bagize Urukiko Rukuru rwa Kiyahudi (Matayo 21:23, 45; 22:23; 26:59). Nta gushidikanya rero, abenshi mu ntumwa n’abigishwa ba Yesu, niba ndetse atari bose, bari bashoboye kwandika.

Abigishwa, abigisha n’abanditsi

Kugira ngo abigishwa ba Kristo babe abigisha, ntibagombaga kumenya ibyo Yesu yavuze n’ibyo yakoze gusa, ahubwo bagombaga no kuba basobanukiwe ukuntu Amategeko n’ubuhanuzi bwo mu Byanditswe bya Giheburayo byari bifitanye isano na Kristo (Ibyakozwe 18:5). Igishishikaje ni ukuntu Luka yanditse ibirebana n’ikiganiro Yesu yagiranye na bamwe mu bigishwa be nyuma gato y’aho amariye kuzuka. Yesu yakoze iki? ‘Yatangiriye kuri Mose n’abandi bahanuzi bose abasobanurira ibintu byamuvuzweho mu Byanditswe byose.’ Nyuma yaho gato yabwiye abigishwa be ati “‘aya ni yo magambo nababwiraga nkiri kumwe namwe, ko ibintu byose byanditswe kuri jye mu mategeko ya Mose n’abahanuzi no muri za Zaburi bigomba gusohora.’ Nuko aha ubwenge bwabo gusobanukirwa neza Ibyanditswe” (Luka 24:27, 44, 45). Hashize igihe, abigishwa ba Yesu “bibutse” ibintu yari yarabasobanuriye.—Yohana 12:16.

Izo nkuru zumvikanisha ko intumwa n’abigishwa bagomba kuba baragiraga umwete bagakora ubushakashatsi kandi bakiyigisha Ibyanditswe, ku buryo bashoboraga gusobanukirwa neza ibyo babonye n’ibyo bumvise ku birebana n’Umwami wabo, Yesu Kristo (Luka 1:1-4; Ibyakozwe 17:11). Umwarimu wigisha iyobokamana muri Kaminuza ya Virginia witwa Harry Y. Gamble yagize icyo avuga kuri iyo ngingo ubwo yandikaga ati “nta washidikanya ko Ubukristo bugitangira hari Abakristo bashobora kuba bari bibumbiye mu matsinda, bitangiraga kwiga Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo n’ibisobanuro byabyo babyitondeye, bakabiheraho bakora inyandiko zihamya ibyo Abakristo bemera, maze bakazifashisha mu murimo wabo wo kubwiriza.”

Ibyo byose bigaragaza ko abigishwa ba Yesu bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bagiraga umwete bakiga, bagasoma kandi bakandika, aho kugenda bahererekanya inyigisho mu mvugo gusa. Bari abigishwa, abigisha n’abanditsi. Uretse ibyo kandi, bari abantu b’umwuka bishingikirizaga ku buyobozi bw’umwuka wera. Yesu yabijeje ko ‘umwuka w’ukuri’ wari ‘kuzabibutsa ibyo yari yarababwiye byose’ (Yohana 14:17, 26). Umwuka wera w’Imana wabafashije kwibuka no kwandika ibyo Yesu yakoze, ibyo yababwiye ndetse n’amadisikuru maremare yagiye atanga, urugero nk’Ikibwiriza cyo ku Musozi (Matayo, igice cya 5-7). Nanone, uwo mwuka wera wayoboye abanditsi b’Amavanjiri igihe bandikaga ibyiyumvo Yesu yabaga afite rimwe na rimwe, hamwe n’ibyo yabaga yavuze mu masengesho ye.—Matayo 4:2; 9:36; Yohana 17:1-26.

Bityo rero, nubwo nta washidikanya ko abanditsi b’Amavanjiri bifashishije inyandiko ndetse n’ibyo babaga barabwiwe, ibyo banditse byakomokaga ahantu hizewe kandi hakomeye cyane; ni ukuvuga kuri Yehova Imana ubwe. Ku bw’ibyo rero, dushobora kwiringira tudashidikanya ko “Ibyanditswe byera byose byahumetswe n’Imana” kandi ko bishobora kutwigisha no kuduha ubuyobozi butuma dukora ibiyishimisha.—2 Timoteyo 3:16.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 14]

Mu bigishwa ba Yesu harimo abantu bashobora kuba barakoreshaga inyandiko mu kazi kabo ka buri munsi

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 15]

Umwuka wera w’Imana wafashije abigishwa ba Yesu ba mbere kwibuka no kwandika ibyo Yesu yavuze n’ibyo yakoze

[Agasanduku/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 15]

Ese intumwa zari abantu batize?

Igihe abatware n’abakuru b’i Yerusalemu ‘babonaga ubushizi bw’amanga bwa Petero na Yohana, kandi bakamenya ko ari abantu batize bo muri rubanda rusanzwe, baratangaye’ (Ibyakozwe 4:13). Ariko se koko intumwa zari abantu batize? Ku birebana n’ibyo, hari igitabo cyagize kiti “birashoboka ko ayo magambo atagomba gufatwa uko yakabaye ngo twumve ko Petero [na Yohana] batize, bityo bakaba batarashoboraga gusoma no kwandika. Ahubwo agaragaza itandukaniro ryo mu rwego rw’imibereho ryari hagati y’izo ntumwa n’abaziburanyaga.”—The New Interpreter’s Bible.

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 13]

Akabaho gasize ibishashara hamwe n’ibikoresho bandikishaga mu kinyejana cya mbere cyangwa mu cya kabiri

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 13]

“Abasaba akabaho yandikaho ati ‘Yohana ni ryo zina rye.’”

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

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