amajwi bagira bati “‘ni amahoro ni amahoro,’ ariko nta mahoro ariho” (Yeremiya 6:14). Nta gushidikanya ko bazakomeza gutera hejuru basaba amahoro, bakazanashyigikira indunduro y’icyo gikorwa, ari na cyo intumwa Pawulo yahanuye yerekezaho muri aya magambo ngo “umunsi wa Yehova uzaza neza neza nk’uko umujura aza nijoro. Igihe bazaba bavuga bati ‘hari amahoro n’umutekano!’ ni bwo irimbuka ritunguranye rizabagwa gitumo nk’uko ibise bitungura umugore utwite, kandi nta ho bazahungira rwose.”​—1 Abatesalonike 5:2, 3, NW.

14. Amajwi y’abarangurura bavuga iby’“amahoro n’umutekano” ashobora kuzafata iyihe ntera, kandi se ni gute umuntu yakwirinda kuzashukwa na yo?

¹⁴ Mu myaka ya vuba aha, abanyapolitiki bagiye bakoresha interuro ivuga ngo “hari amahoro n’umutekano” bagaragaza imigambi yabo. Ese iyo mihati abategetsi b’isi bashyiraho, yaba ari intangiriro y’isohozwa ry’ibivugwa mu 1 Abatesalonike 5:3? Cyangwa se Pawulo yavugaga ikindi kintu cyihariye cyari kuzasakara cyane, ku buryo isi yose yari kuzacyerekezaho ibitekerezo? Kubera ko akenshi ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya busobanuka mu buryo bwuzuye bumaze gusohora cyangwa mu gihe burimo busohora, bizadusaba gutegereza tukareba. Hagati aho, uko amahoro n’umutekano amahanga yasa n’aho yagezeho byaba biri kose, Abakristo bazi ko muri rusange nta kizaba cyahindutse. Ubwikunde, inzangano, ubugizi bwa nabi, ingo zisenyuka, ubwiyandarike, indwara, agahinda n’urupfu bizakomeza kubaho. Ni yo mpamvu nta majwi y’abarangurura bavuga iby’“amahoro n’umutekano” yazakuyobya, nukomeza kuba maso ukamenya icyo ibibera mu isi bisobanura kandi ugakomeza kwita ku miburo y’ubuhanuzi bwo mu Ijambo ry’Imana.​—Mariko 13:32-37; Luka 21:34-36.

Igice cya 35

Babuloni Ikomeye irarimbutse

1. Ni mu yahe magambo marayika avugamo ibyerekeye inyamaswa itukura, kandi ni ubuhe bwenge bukenewe kugira ngo dusobanukirwe ibigereranyo byo mu Byahishuwe?

MARAYIKA agikomeza kuvuga iby’inyamaswa itukura ivugwa mu Byahishuwe 17:3, marayika abwira Yohana ati “aha ni ho hakwiriye ubwenge n’ubuhanga. Iyo mitwe irindwi ni yo misozi irindwi uwo mugore yicaraho. Kandi ni yo bami barindwi: abatanu baraguye, umwe ariho undi ntaraza, kandi naza azaba akwiriye kumara igihe gito” (Ibyahishuwe 17:9, 10). Hano marayika aramenyekanisha ubwenge buva mu ijuru, bwo bwonyine bushobora gutanga ubumenyi buhesha gusobanukirwa ibigereranyo byo mu Byahishuwe (Yakobo 3:17). Ubwo bwenge bumurikira abagize itsinda rya Yohana na bagenzi babo ku birebana n’imikomerere y’igihe turimo. Butera imitima yitanze kwita ku manza za Yehova ziri hafi gusohozwa, kandi bukayicengezamo ibyo gutinya Imana bihesha agakiza. Nk’uko mu Migani 9:10 habivuga, “kūbaha Uwiteka ni ishingiro ry’ubwenge, kandi kumenya Uwera ni ubuhanga.” Noneho se, ubwenge bw’Imana buduhishurira iki ku byerekeye inyamaswa?

2. Imitwe irindwi y’inyamaswa itukura isobanura iki, kandi se ni mu buhe buryo ‘abatanu bari baraguye, umwe akiriho’?

² Imitwe irindwi y’iyo nyamaswa y’inkazi igereranya ‘imisozi’ irindwi cyangwa ‘abami’ barindwi. Mu Byanditswe, ayo magambo yombi akoreshwa yerekeza ku butegetsi bw’ibihangange (Yeremiya 51:24, 25; Daniyeli 2:34, 35, 44, 45). Muri Bibiliya havugwamo ubutegetsi bw’ibihangange bw’isi butandatu bwagize uruhare mu birebana n’ubwoko bw’Imana, ari bwo Egiputa, Ashuri, Babuloni, Abamedi n’Abaperesi, u Bugiriki na Roma. Muri bwo, butanu bwari bwarabayeho ariko butakiriho mu gihe Yohana yerekwaga Ibyahishuwe, naho Roma yo yari ikiri ubutegetsi bw’igihangange bw’isi. Ibyo bihuje neza n’aya magambo ngo “abatanu baraguye, umwe ariho.” Ariko se, ‘ubundi’ butegetsi bw’igihangange bwagombaga kuza ni ubuhe?

3. (a) Ni gute Ubwami bw’Abaroma bwaje kwicamo ibice? (b) Ni bintu ki byabaye mu bwami bw’i Burasirazuba? (c) Ingoma Ntagatifu y’Abaroma igomba kubonwa ite?

³ Ubwami bw’Abaroma bwararambye ndetse bukomeza kwaguka mu binyejana byakurikiye igihe cya Yohana. Mu mwaka wa 330 nyuma ya Yesu, Umwami w’Abami Konsitantino yimuriye umurwa mukuru we wa Roma i Byzance, umugi yahaye izina rishya, ari ryo Constantinople. Mu mwaka wa 395, Ubwami bw’Abaroma bwigabanyijemo ibice bibiri, icy’i Burasirazuba n’icy’i Burengerazuba. Mu mwaka wa 410, Roma yaguye mu maboko ya Alaric, umwami w’Abawisigoti (ubwoko bw’Abadage bwari bwarahindukiriye idini rya “gikristo” rya kiyariyani). Amoko y’Abadage (na yo ya “gikristo”) yigaruriye Esipanye n’igice kinini cy’intara z’Abaroma zo muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru. Icyo cyari igihe cy’imvururu n’imivurungano n’ihindagurika rikomeye mu Burayi. Mu Bwami bw’i Burengerazuba hadutse Abami b’ibirangirire, urugero nka Charlemagne wagiranye isezerano na Papa Léon wa III mu kinyejana cya 9, na Frederiko wa II, wategetse mu kinyejana cya 13. Icyakora nubwo aho bategekaga hitwaga Ingoma Ntagatifu y’Abaroma, hari hato ugereranyije n’Ubwami bw’Abaroma kera bugikomeye. Byabaye nko kuvugurura cyangwa gukomeza ubutegetsi bw’igihangange bwa mbere aho kuba ubwami bushya gusa.

4. Ni ukuhe gutsinda Ubwami bw’i Burasirazuba bwagize, ariko ni iki cyabaye ku gice kinini cy’intara za Roma za kera zari muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru, muri Esipanye no muri Siriya?

⁴ Ubwami bw’Abaroma bw’i Burasirazuba bwari bufite umurwa mukuru wa Constantinople, bwagumyeho ariko budafitanye imishyikirano myiza n’Ubwami bw’i Burengerazuba. Mu kinyejana cya gatandatu, Yusitiniyani wa I, Umwami w’Abami w’i Burasirazuba, yashoboye kongera kwigarurira igice kinini cy’Afurika y’Amajyaruguru, anatera muri Esipanye no mu Butaliyani. Mu kinyejana cya karindwi, Yusitiniyani wa II yongeye kwigarurira intara z’i Makedoniya z’ubwo bwami zari zarafashwe n’amoko y’Abasilave. Ariko mu kinyejana cya munani, igice kinini cy’intara za kera za Roma zo muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru, muri Esipanye no muri Siriya zari zarigaruriwe n’ubwami bushya bwari bufite amatwara ya cyisilamu, bityo zitandukanya n’ubutegetsi bwa Constantinople n’ubwa Roma.

5. Nubwo umugi wa Roma waguye mu mwaka wa 410 nyuma ya Yesu, ni mu buhe buryo hagombye ibinyejana byinshi mbere y’uko igisigisigi cyose cya gipolitiki cy’Ubwami bw’Abaroma gisibangana ku isi?

⁵ Umugi wa Constantinople wo wagumyeho mu gihe kirekire ho gato. Warokotse ibitero byinshi by’Abaperesi, Abarabu, Ababurugari n’iby’Abarusiya, ariko amaherezo uza kugwa mu mwaka wa 1203 mu maboko atari ay’Abisilamu, ahubwo wigarurirwa n’Abanyamisaraba baturutse i Burengerazuba. Ariko mu mwaka wa 1453, waguye mu maboko ya Mehmedi wa II, umutegetsi w’Umwotomani w’Umwisilamu, maze nyuma gato uhinduka umurwa mukuru w’Ubwami bwa Otomani, ari bwo bwami bwa Turukiya. Bityo rero, nubwo umugi wa Roma waguye mu mwaka wa 410 nyuma ya Yesu, hagombye ibinyejana byinshi mbere y’uko igisigisigi cyose cya gipolitiki cy’Ubwami bw’Abaroma gisibangana ku isi. Icyakora, amatwara yabwo yakomeje kugaragara mu bwami bwa kidini bwari bushingiye ku bapapa b’i Roma no ku madini y’Aborutodogisi y’i Burasirazuba.

6. Ni ubuhe bwami bushya bwavutse, kandi ni ubuhe muri bwo bwateye intera ndende kurushaho?

⁶ Ariko kandi, mu kinyejana cya 15, hari ibihugu bimwe byashinze ubundi bwami bushya rwose. Nubwo bumwe muri ubwo butegetsi bushya bw’ibihangange bwa cyami bwategekaga intara zahoze zikoronijwe n’Abaroma, ntabwo ari bwa Bwami bw’Abaroma bwakomezaga. Ibihugu bimwe, urugero nka Porutugali, Esipanye, u Bufaransa n’u Buholandi byagiye byagura intara byategekaga ziba ngari cyane. Ariko u Bwongereza ni bwo bwateye intera ndende kurushaho, kuko bwageze aho buba ubwami bugari cyane bwavugwagaho ko ari aho ‘izuba ritajya rirenga.’ Mu bihe bitandukanye, ubwo bwami bwaraguwe bugera mu gice kinini cy’Amerika y’Amajyaruguru, icy’Afurika, icy’u Buhindi n’icy’Aziya yo mu Burasirazuba bw’Amajyepfo kimwe no muri Pasifika y’Amajyepfo.

7. Ni gute habayeho ubutegetsi bw’isi bubiri bw’ibihangange, kandi Yohana yavuze ko ‘umutwe’ wa karindwi, cyangwa ubutegetsi bw’igihangange bw’isi, bwari kumara igihe kingana iki?

⁷ Mu kinyejana cya 19, bimwe mu bice byakoronijwe n’u Bwongereza byo muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru byari byaramaze gucana umubano n’u Bwongereza kugira ngo bibe ishyanga ryigenga, ari ryo Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Ariko habayeho igihe cy’amakimbirane mu bya politiki hagati y’iryo shyanga rishya n’igihugu cyaritegekaga mbere. Icyakora, intambara ya mbere y’isi yose yatumye ibyo bihugu byombi byumva ko bifite inyungu bihuriyeho maze bishimangira imishyikirano yihariye hagati yabyo. Nguko uko haje kubaho ubutegetsi bw’isi bubiri bw’ibihangange bushyize hamwe, bugizwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, ishyanga rikize kurusha ayandi ku isi muri iki gihe, hamwe n’u Bwongereza, buyobora ubwami bugari kurusha ubundi ku isi. Uwo ni wo ‘mutwe’ wa karindwi, cyangwa ubutegetsi bw’igihangange bw’isi, ari bwo bugikomeza kugeza mu gihe cy’imperuka, mu turere Abahamya ba Yehova bo muri iki gihe batangiriyemo umurimo wabo. Ugereranyije n’Ubwami bwarambye bw’umutwe wa gatandatu, ubw’uwa karindwi bwo bugomba kumara “igihe gito” gusa, ni ukuvuga kugeza aho Ubwami bw’Imana buzarimburira ubutegetsi bw’amahanga yose.

Kuki yitwa umwami wa munani?

8, 9. Ni iki marayika yita inyamaswa itukura y’ikigereranyo, kandi ni mu buhe buryo ikomoka ku mitwe irindwi?

⁸ Marayika yakomeje asobanurira Yohana ati “kandi ya nyamaswa y’inkazi yariho ariko ikaba itakiriho, na yo ni umwami wa munani, ariko akomoka kuri ba bandi barindwi, kandi agomba kurimbuka” (Ibyahishuwe 17:11, “NW”). Inyamaswa itukura y’ikigereranyo ‘ikomoka’ muri ya mitwe irindwi, bishaka kuvuga ko ikomoka ku mitwe ya ya ‘nyamaswa [ya mbere] iva mu nyanja,’ cyangwa ikaba iyikesha kubaho, akaba ari na yo ibereye igishushanyo. Mu buhe buryo? Mu mwaka wa 1919, ubutegetsi bw’igihangange bw’Abongereza n’Abanyamerika ni bwo bwari umutwe uganje. Imitwe itandatu yabanje yari yaraguye, kandi umwanya w’ubutegetsi bw’igihangange bw’isi wari warafashwe n’uwo mutwe. Uwo mutwe wa karindwi uheruka uruhererekane rw’ubutegetsi bw’ibihangange ku isi, wagize uruhare runini mu ishyirwaho ry’Umuryango w’Amahanga kandi na n’ubu uracyafite uruhare runini mu gushyigikira Umuryango w’Abibumbye no kuwuha inkunga y’amafaranga. Bityo mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo, inyamaswa itukura, ni ukuvuga umwami wa munani, ‘ikomoka’ muri ya mitwe irindwi ya mbere. Tubifashe dutyo, kuvuga ko iyo nyamaswa ikomoka mu mitwe irindwi, bihuje neza n’ihishurwa ryabanje ryavugaga ko inyamaswa ifite amahembe abiri nk’ay’umwana w’intama (ni ukuvuga Ubutegetsi bw’Igihangange bw’Abongereza n’Abanyamerika, ari bwo mutwe wa karindwi w’inyamaswa ya mbere), yategetse ko hakorwa igishushanyo maze igiha ubuzima.​—Ibyahishuwe 13:1, 11, 14, 15.

⁹ Byongeye kandi, uretse u Bwongereza, mu ba mbere bari bagize Umuryango w’Amahanga harimo na za Leta zategekaga intara z’imitwe yabanje kubaho, ari yo u Bugiriki, Irani (u Buperesi) n’u Butaliyani (Roma). Uko igihe cyagiye gihita, za Leta zatwaraga intara z’ubutegetsi bw’ibihangange ku isi butandatu bwabanje, amaherezo zaje kuba zimwe mu zishyigikiye igishushanyo cy’inyamaswa. Muri ubwo buryo nanone, iyo nyamaswa itukura yashoboraga kuvugwaho ko ikomoka ku butegetsi bw’ibihangange burindwi.

10. (a) Ni mu buhe buryo havugwa ko inyamaswa itukura ‘na yo ari umwami wa munani’? (b) Ni gute umutegetsi umwe w’icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti yagaragaje ko ashyigikiye Umuryango w’Abibumbye?

¹⁰ Zirikana ko inyamaswa itukura ‘na yo ari umwami wa munani.’ Ubwo rero, muri iki gihe Umuryango w’Abibumbye wateguwe mu buryo usa n’aho ari leta itegeka isi. Ndetse rimwe na rimwe wagiye witwara nk’aho koko ari leta, wohereza ingabo ku rugamba kugira ngo zihoshe ubushyamirane mpuzamahanga, urugero nko muri Koreya, mu Mwigimbakirwa wa Sinayi, mu bihugu bimwe by’Afurika no muri Libani. Ariko rero, ni igishushanyo gusa cy’umwami. Kimwe n’igishushanyo cy’idini, uwo muryango nta jambo cyangwa ububasha nyabwo ugira uretse ubwo wahawe n’abawushinze kandi bawusenga. Hari n’igihe iyo nyamaswa y’ikigereranyo igaragara ko ifite intege nke. Ariko yo ntiyigeze na rimwe itereranwa burundu n’abayigize bategekesha igitugu, nk’uko Umuryango w’Amahanga watereranywe maze ukagwa ikuzimu (Ibyahishuwe 17:8). Mu mwaka wa 1987, umutegetsi uzwi cyane w’icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti yifatanyije n’abapapa b’i Roma mu gushyigikira Umuryango w’Abibumbye, nubwo hari byinshi batavugagaho rumwe. Ndetse yanasabye ko habaho “gahunda yagutse yo kubungabunga umutekano mpuzamahanga” ishingiye ku Muryango w’Abibumbye. Nk’uko Yohana agiye kubisobanurirwa, hazabaho igihe uwo Muryango uzagira ububasha buhambaye. Hanyuma, na wo ‘uzarimbuka.’

Abami icumi bategeka isaha imwe

11. Ni iki marayika wa Yehova avuga ku birebana n’amahembe icumi y’inyamaswa itukura y’ikigereranyo?

¹¹ Mu gice kibanziriza iki cy’Ibyahishuwe, marayika wa gatandatu n’uwa karindwi basutse inzabya z’umujinya w’Imana. Bityo twaburiwe ko abami b’isi barimo bahururizwa kujya mu ntambara y’Imana kuri Harimagedoni, kandi ko ‘Babuloni Ikomeye igomba kwibukwa imbere y’Imana’ (Ibyahishuwe 16:1, 14, 19). Ubu noneho tugiye guhabwa ibisobanuro birambuye ku bihereranye n’ukuntu imanza z’Imana zizabasohorezwaho. Umva nanone icyo marayika wa Yehova abwira Yohana: “ya mahembe cumi wabonye ni yo bami cumi batarima, ariko bahabwa gutegekera hamwe na ya nyamaswa nk’abami kumara isaha imwe. Abo bahuje inama, baha ya nyamaswa imbaraga zabo n’ubutware bwabo. Bazarwanya Umwana w’Intama, ariko Umwana w’Intama azabanesha, kuko ari we Mutware utwara abatware n’Umwami w’abami, kandi abari hamwe na we bahamagawe batoranijwe bakiranutse na bo bazayinesha.”​—Ibyahishuwe 17:12-14.