Kuki Abahamya ba Yehova bizihiza Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba mu buryo butandukanye n’andi madini?
Iyo twizihiza Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba dukurikiza neza neza ibivugwa muri Bibiliya. Nanone iryo funguro ryitwa “Ifunguro ry’Umwami,” Ifunguro rya Nyuma cyangwa Urwibutso rw’Urupfu rwa Yesu (1 Abakorinto 11:20, Bibiliya Yera). Iyo andi madini yizihiza uwo munsi hari ibintu akora bidashingiye kuri Bibiliya.
Impamvu
Impamvu twizihiza Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba ni ukugira ngo twibuke Yesu kandi tumushimire igitambo yadutangiye (Matayo 20:28; 1 Abakorinto 11:24). Uwo muhango wo kumwibuka si isakaramentu cyangwa umuhango w’idini ukorwa kugira ngo tubabarirwe ibyaha.a Bibiliya yigisha ko kwizera Yesu ari byo bituma tubabarirwa ibyaha, aho kuba umuhango runaka w’idini.—Abaroma 3:25; 1 Yohana 2:1, 2.
Ugomba kwizihizwa kangahe?
Yesu yategetse abigishwa be kwizihiza Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba, ariko ntiyavuze incuro bari kujya babikora (Luka 22:19). Hari abumva bawizihiza buri kwezi, abandi bakumva ari buri cyumweru, abandi buri munsi, abandi bakumva bawizihiza incuro nyinshi ku munsi cyangwa umuntu akabikora kenshi gashoboka akurikije uko abyumva.b Icyakora, reka dusuzume ibintu twagombye gushingiraho.
Yesu yatangije Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba ku itariki Abayahudi bizihizagaho Pasika kandi yapfuye kuri uwo munsi (Matayo 26:1, 2). Ibyo si ibintu byapfuye kubaho gutya gusa. Ibyanditswe bigereranya igitambo cya Yesu n’umwana w’intama watambwaga kuri Pasika (1 Abakorinto 5:7, 8). Pasika yizihizwaga incuro imwe buri mwaka (Kuva 12:1-6; Abalewi 23:5). Ubwo rero, Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mberec bizihizaga Urwibutso rw’Urupfu rwa Yesu incuro imwe buri mwaka nk’uko bivugwa muri Bibiliya. Abahamya ba Yehova na bo bakurikiza urugero rw’abo Bakristo.
Itariki n’igihe
Ibyo Yesu yakoze ntibidufasha kumenya gusa incuro Urwibutso rwizihizwa, ahubwo binadufasha kumenya itariki n’igihe rwizihirizwaho. Dukurikije kalendari ya Bibiliya ishingiye ku mboneko z’ukwezi, yatangije uwo muhango ku itariki ya 14 Nisani mu mwaka wa 33 izuba rirenze (Matayo 26:18-20, 26). Natwe dukurikiza urugero rw’Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere tukizihiza Urwibutso buri mwaka kuri iyo tariki.d
Nubwo ku itariki ya 14 Nisani mu mwaka wa 33 hari kuwa gatanu, hari igihe buri mwaka iyo tariki igwa ku wundi munsi. Buri mwaka twemeza itariki ihuje n’iya 14 Nisani dukurikije uburyo bwakoreshwaga mu gihe cya Yesu, aho gukoresha kalendari y’Abayahudi yo muri iki gihe.e
Umugati na divayi
Igihe Yesu yatangizaga uwo muhango, yakoresheje umugati udasembuye na divayi itukura byari byasigaye ku ifunguro rya Pasika (Matayo 26:26-28). Natwe turamwigana tugakoresha umugati utarimo umusemburo cyangwa ibindi birungo hamwe na divayi itukura. Ntidukoresha umutobe w’imizabibu, divayi yongewemo isukari, ibituma isharira cyangwa igira indi mpumuro.
Hari amadini akoresha umugati usembuye. Icyakora, Bibiliya ikunze gukoresha ijambo umusemburo ishaka kuvuga icyaha cyangwa kononekara (Luka 12:1; 1 Abakorinto 5:6-8; Abagalatiya 5:7-9). Ubwo rero, umugati utarimo umusemburo cyangwa ibindi bintu ni wo ukwiriye kugereranya umubiri wa Kristo utagira icyaha (1 Petero 2:22). Hari ibindi bintu abantu bajya bakora bidashingiye ku Byanditswe, bagakoresha umutobe w’imizabibu aho gukoresha divayi. Hari amadini amwe n’amwe akoresha umutobe aho gukoresha divayi. Ibyo biterwa n’imyizerere idashingiye ku byanditswe y’uko kunywa inzoga bitemewe.—1 Timoteyo 5:23.
Ni ibigereranyo si umubiri n’amaraso
Umugati udasembuye na divayi itukura bitambangizwa mu Rwibutso bigereranya umubiri n’amaraso bya Kristo. Ibyo bigereranyo ntibihinduka mu buryo bw’igitangaza cyangwa ngo byivange n’amaraso ye n’umubiri we nk’uko bamwe babitekereza. Reka dusuzume icyo Ibyanditswe bibivugaho:
Iyo Yesu ategeka abigishwa be kunywa amaraso ye, yari kuba abasabye kurenga ku itegeko ry’Imana ribuzanya kurya amaraso (Intangiriro 9:4; Ibyakozwe 15:28, 29). Ibyo ntibyari gushoboka kuko Yesu atari kubwira abandi kwica itegeko ry’Imana rivuga ko amaraso ari ayera.—Yohana 8:28, 29.
Iyo intumwa ziza kuba zaranyoye amaraso ya Yesu, ntaba yaravuze ko amaraso ye yari agiye “kumenwa,” ashaka kuvuga ko agiye gutamba igitambo.—Matayo 26:28.
Yesu yatanze igitambo cy’incungu “rimwe na rizima” (Abaheburayo 9:25, 26). Umugati na divayi bikoreshwa mu gihe cy’Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba bibaye bihinduka amaraso n’umubiri bya Kristo, ababiryaho baba bongeye gutamba icyo gitambo.
Yesu yaravuze ati “mujye mukomeza gukora mutya munyibuka,” aho kuvuga ngo “muntambaho igitambo.”—1 Abakorinto 11:24.
Abemera ko umugati na divayi bihinduka umubiri n’amaraso bya Yesu, baba bashingiye ku magambo aboneka mu mirongo imwe n’imwe ya Bibiliya. Urugero, hari Bibiliya nyinshi zivuga ko igihe Yesu yahaga abigishwa be divayi yavuze ati “aya ni amaraso yanjye” (Matayo 26:28). Icyakora, ayo magambo Yesu yavuze ashobora guhindurwamo ngo “iki kigereranya amaraso yanjye.”f Incuro nyinshi Yesu yigishaga akoresheje imvugo y’ikigereranyo.—Matayo 13:34, 35.
Ni ba nde barya ku mugati bakanywa no kuri divayi?
Iyo Abahamya ba Yehova bizihiza Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba, abantu bake gusa ni bo barya ku mugati bakanywa no kuri divayi. Kubera iki?
Amaraso ya Yesu yamenwe yatangije “isezerano rishya” ryasimbuye isezerano Yehova yari yaragiranye n’ishyanga rya kera rya Isirayeli (Abaheburayo 8:10-13). Abari muri iryo sezerano rishya ni bo barya ku mugati bakanywa no kuri divayi. Abo si Abakristo bose, ahubwo ni Abakristo ‘bahamagawe’ n’Imana mu buryo bwihariye (Abaheburayo 9:15; Luka 22:20). Abo ni bo bazategekana na Kristo kandi Bibiliya ivuga ko abantu 144.000 gusa ari bo batoranyijwe.—Luka 22:28-30; Ibyahishuwe 5:9, 10; 14:1, 3.
Uretse uwo “mukumbi muto” w’abazategekana na Kristo, abandi benshi muri twe bafite ibyiringiro byo kuba mu ‘mbaga y’abantu benshi’ bazabaho iteka hano ku isi (Luka 12:32; Ibyahishuwe 7:9, 10). Nubwo abenshi muri twe bafite ibyiringiro byo kuzaba ku isi batarya ku mugati cyangwa ngo banywe kuri divayi bikoreshwa mu Rwibutso, bifatanya n’abazategekana na Yesu bakagaragaza ko bashimira Imana, kubera igitambo cy’incungu Yesu yadutangiye.—1 Yohana 2:2.
a Hari igitabo cyavuze ko “ijambo ‘isakaramentu’ ritaboneka mu Isezerano Rishya, kandi ko nta hantu na hamwe ijambo ry’ikigiriki μυστήριον [my·steʹri·on] ryerekeza ku mubatizo cyangwa ku Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba cyangwa se undi muhango uwo ari wo wose.”—Igitabo Cyclopedia cyanditswe na McClintock na Strong, Umubumbe wa IX, ku ipaji ya 212.
b Bibiliya zimwe na zimwe zikoresha amagambo “kenshi gashoboka” zerekeza ku Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba, kandi hari abumvaga ko ayo magambo agaragaza incuro Ifunguro ry’Umwami ryagombye kwizihizwa. Icyakora dukurikije indimi z’umwimerere, iyo ayo magambo akoreshejwe yerekeza ku Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba aba ashaka kuvuga “igihe cyose” cyangwa “buri gihe.”—1 Abakorinto 11:25, 26; New International Version; Good News Translation
c Reba igitabo The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Umubumbe wa IV, ku ipaji ya 43-44 n’igitabo Cyclopedia cyanditswe na McClintock na Strong, Umubumbe wa VIII, ku ipaji ya 836.
d Reba igitabo The New Cambridge History of the Bible, Umubumbe wa 1, ku ipaji ya 841.
e Muri iki gihe, kalendari y’Abayahudi igaragaza itariki ya mbere y’ukwezi kwa Nisani ihereye ku gihe abahanga mu by’inyenyeri bavuga ko habayeho imboneko z’ukwezi. Icyakora, ubu buryo si bwo bwakoreshwaga mu kinyejana cya mbere. Mu kinyejana cya mbere, bavugaga ko ukwezi kwa Nisani kwatangiye iyo ukwezi kwabonekaga ku ncuro ya mbere i Yerusalemu. Ibyo byabaga hashize umunsi umwe cyangwa urenga, ugereranyije n’igihe abahanga mu by’inyenyeri bo muri iki gihe bavuga ko habayeho imboneko z’ukwezi. Iyo ni imwe mu mpamvu zituma umunsi Abahamya ba Yehova bizihizaho Urwibutso rimwe na rimwe udahuza n’umunsi Abayahudi bo muri iki gihe bizihizaho Pasika.
f Reba igitabo A New Translation of the Bible cyanditswe na James Moffatt; The New Testament—A Translation in the Language of the People, cyanditswe na Charles B. Williams; n’igitabo The Original New Testament cyanditswe na Hugh J. Schonfield.