Ukuri ku byerekeye Noheli

ESE ujya ushishikazwa no kumenya ukuri ko muri Bibiliya? Niba ari uko bimeze, ushobora kuba waribajije ibibazo nk’ibi bikurikira: (1) Ese koko Yesu yavutse ku itariki ya 25 Ukuboza? (2) “Abanyabwenge” basuye Yesu bari bantu ki? Ese koko bari batatu? (3) “Inyenyeri” yabayoboye kuri Yesu, yari inyenyeri bwoko ki? (4) Père Noël ahuriye he na Yesu n’ivuka rye? (5) Imana ibona ite umugenzo wo guhana impano ukorwa kuri Noheli?

Reka dusuzume ibyo bibazo twifashishije Bibiliya n’ibintu byabayeho mu mateka.

(1) Ese Yesu yavutse ku itariki ya 25 Ukuboza?

Uko iyo nyigisho iteye: Dukurikije uko abizihiza uwo munsi mukuru babivuga, Yesu yavutse ku itariki ya 25 Ukuboza, kandi iyo tariki ni yo bizihirizaho ivuka rye. Hari igitabo cyavuze ko “Noheli” ari “ ‘misa ya Kristo,’ ni ukuvuga misa yo kwizihiza umunsi mukuru w’ivuka rya Kristo.”​—⁠Encyclopedia of Religion.

Aho yakomotse: Hari igitabo cyagize kiti “itariki ya 25 Ukuboza ntiyavanywe muri Bibiliya, ahubwo yakomotse ku minsi mikuru ya gipagani yizihizwaga n’Abaroma mu mpera z’umwaka.” Icyo gihe izuba ryabaga ryongeye kuboneka mu gice cy’isi cya ruguru. Muri iyo minsi mikuru harimo uw’imana y’ubuhinzi yitwaga Saturune, bakaba barawitaga Saturunaliya. Nanone harimo “iminsi mikuru y’imana ebyiri z’izuba, iyitwaga Sol y’Abaroma na Mithra y’Abaperesi” (The Christmas Encyclopedia). Iyo minsi mikuru yombi y’amavuko yizihizwaga ku itariki ya 25 Ukuboza, hakaba hari mu gihe cy’imboneko z’izuba, dukurikije kalendari yitiriwe Jules.

Iyo minsi mikuru ya gipagani yagizwe iya “gikristo” kuva mu mwaka wa 350, igihe Papa Jules wa I yatangazaga ko bazajya bizihiza ivuka rya Yesu ku itariki ya 25 Ukuboza. Hari igitabo cyagize kiti “umuhango wo kwizihiza ivuka rya Yesu wagiye usimbura buhoro buhoro indi mihango yose yo kwizihiza imboneko z’izuba. Ishusho y’izuba yaje no gukoreshwa cyane mu kugereranya Kristo wazutse (nanone bitaga Sol Invictus), naho uruziga rw’izuba rwakoreshwaga kera . . . ruza kuba ikamba rishyirwa ku [mashusho] y’abatagatifu.”​—⁠Encyclopedia of Religion.

Icyo Bibiliya ibivugaho: Bibiliya ntigaragaza itariki Yesu yavukiyeho. Icyakora, dushobora kwemeza tudashidikanya ko atavutse ku itariki ya 25 Ukuboza. Kuki ibyo twabyemeza? Bibiliya itubwira ko igihe Yesu yavukaga, abashumba “bararaga hanze” barindiye imikumbi yabo ijoro ryose mu nkengero za Betelehemu (Luka 2:​8). Akenshi igihe cy’imvura n’imbeho cyatangiraga mu kwezi k’Ukwakira, kandi abashumba, cyane cyane abo mu duce tw’imisozi dukonja cyane, urugero nk’udukikije Betelehemu, barindiraga imikumbi yabo mu biraro nijoro. Igihe cy’ubukonje bukabije, rimwe na rimwe cyagwagamo n’urubura, cyatangiraga mu Kuboza.a

Birashishikaje kuba Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere, abenshi muri bo bakaba barajyanaga na Yesu kubwiriza, batarigeze na rimwe bizihiza ivuka rye ku itariki iyo ari yo yose. Ahubwo bizihizaga urupfu rwe rwonyine, ibyo bikaba bihuje n’itegeko yatanze (Luka 22:​17-20; 1 Abakorinto 11:​23-26). Icyakora, hari abashobora kuvuga bati “ese kuba uwo munsi ufite inkomoko ya gipagani, hari icyo bitwaye?” Igisubizo kirumvikana. Imana ibona ko hari icyo bitwaye. Yesu Kristo yaravuze ati “abasenga by’ukuri bazasengera Data mu mwuka no mu kuri.”​​—⁠Yohana 4:​23.

(2) “Abanyabwenge” bari bangahe, kandi se bari bantu ki?

Uko iyo nyigisho iteye: “Abanyabwenge” batatu bari bayobowe n’ “inyenyeri” yari iturutse iburasirazuba, bagaragazwa baha impano akana Yesu kari karyamye aho amatungo arira mu kiraro. Nanone, hari igihe hagaragazwa amashusho yerekana ko hari n’abashumba.

Aho yakomotse: Hari igitabo cyavuze ko uretse inkuru ngufi iboneka muri Bibiliya, “ibintu byose byanditswe ku birebana n’abo banyabwenge, ari inkuru z’impimbano.”​—⁠The Christmas Encyclopedia.

Icyo Bibiliya ibivugaho: Bibiliya ntivuga umubare w’abo bita abanyabwenge bagiye gusura Yesu. Bashobora kuba bari babiri, batatu, bane cyangwa barenga. Nubwo Bibiliya zimwe na zimwe zibita “abanyabwenge,” ijambo ryo mu rurimi rw’umwimerere ryakoreshejwe ni magoi, bisobanura abantu baragurisha inyenyeri cyangwa abapfumu, ibyo akaba ari ibikorwa Bibiliya ivuga ko ari “ikizira kuri Yehova” (Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 18:​10-12). Kubera ko abo bantu baragurishaga inyenyeri bakoze urugendo rurerure baturutse Iburasirazuba, baratinze bituma badasanga Yesu mu kiraro. Ahubwo nyuma y’urugendo rushobora kuba rwaramaze amezi runaka, “binjiye mu nzu” aho Yesu yari ari. Aho ni ho ‘babonye umwana ari kumwe na nyina Mariya.’​​—⁠Matayo 2:​11.

(3) Inyenyeri yayoboye abantu baragurishaga inyenyeri, yari bwoko ki?

Dushobora kubona igisubizo cy’icyo kibazo dushingiye ku byo iyo nyenyeri yakoze. Icya mbere ni uko itahise ibayobora i Betelehemu, ahubwo ikabayobora i Yerusalemu, aho babarije ibya Yesu bigatuma n’Umwami Herode abimenya. Hanyuma Herode ‘yatumije mu ibanga abo bantu baragurishaga inyenyeri,’ maze bamubwira iby’uwo ‘mwami w’Abayahudi’ wari wavutse. Ibyo birangiye, Herode yarababwiye ati “nimugende mushakishe uwo mwana mwitonze. Nimumara kumubona, mugaruke mubimenyeshe.” Icyakora, kuba Herode yari ashishikajwe no kumenya ibya Yesu, ntibyari gusa. Ahubwo uwo mutegetsi w’umwibone kandi w’umunyamwaga yari yiyemeje kwica Yesu.​​—⁠Matayo 2:​1-8, 16.

Birashishikaje kuba noneho iyo “nyenyeri” yarayoboye ba bantu baragurishaga inyenyeri mu majyepfo ya Betelehemu. Iyo nyenyeri yageze hejuru y’aho Yesu yari ari, maze ‘irahagarara.’​​—⁠Matayo 2:​9, 10.

Biragaragara neza ko iyo yari inyenyeri idasanzwe. Wibuke ko Imana yari yakoresheje abamarayika kugira ngo imenyeshe abashumba bari abantu boroheje ko Yesu yavutse. Ubwo se ni iki cyari gutuma Imana ikoresha inyenyeri kugira ngo iyobore abo bapagani baragurishaga inyenyeri, ikabanza kubayobora ku mwanzi wa Yesu, hanyuma ikaberekeza aho uwo mwana yari ari? Umwanzuro ushyize mu gaciro twafata, ni uko Satani yakoresheje iyo nyenyeri kugira ngo agere ku mugambi we mubisha, dore ko afite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu nk’ibyo (2 Abatesalonike 2:​9, 10). Dushingiye kuri ibyo, ntibyari bikwiriye ko abantu bataka inyenyeri nk’iyo yitwa iy’i Betelehemu ku giti cya Noheli.

(4) Père Noël ahuriye he na Yesu n’ivuka rye?

Uko iyo nyigisho iteye: Mu bihugu byinshi, Père Noël abonwa nk’aho ari we uzanira abana impano.b Abana bakunze kwandikira Père Noël bamusaba impano. Dukurikije uwo mugenzo, hari utugini duto tumufasha gukora izo mpano, bakazikorera ku cyicaro cye kiri ku Mpera ya Ruguru y’Isi.

Aho yakomotse: Dukurikije uko abantu benshi babibona, Père Noël yakomotse kuri Mutagatifu Nikola, wari Arikiyepisikopi w’umugi wa Mura muri Aziya Ntoya, ubu akaba ari muri Turukiya. Hari igitabo cyagize kiti “urebye, ibintu byose byanditswe kuri Mutagatifu Nikola bishingiye ku nkuru z’impimbano” (The Christmas Encyclopedia). Imvugo ngo “Santa Claus” cyangwa Père Noël ishobora kuba ikomoka ku ijambo Sinterklaas ryagoretswe rivuye ku magambo yo mu rurimi rw’igiholandi, asobanurwa ngo “Mutagatifu Nikola.” Dukurikije Bibiliya ndetse n’amateka, nta ho Santa Claus cyangwa Père Noël ahuriye na Yesu Kristo.

Icyo Bibiliya ibivugaho: Bibiliya igira iti “ubwo mwamaze kwiyambura ikinyoma, umuntu wese muri mwe akwiriye kubwizanya ukuri na mugenzi we.” Abagize umuryango wacu ni bo ‘bagenzi’ bacu ba bugufi (Abefeso 4:​25). Bibiliya ivuga nanone ko twagombye ‘gukunda ukuri,’ kandi ‘tukavuga ukuri mu mitima [yacu]’ (Zekariya 8:​19; Zaburi 15:​2). Tuvugishije ukuri, kubwira abana ko Père Noël (cyangwa akana Yesu) ari we wabazaniye impano kuri Noheli, bishobora gusa n’aho nta cyo bitwaye. Ariko se birakwiriye ko ubeshya abana bato, nubwo nta kibi waba ugamije? Ese ntubona ko bishekeje kuba igihe nk’icyo abantu bagombye guhesha Yesu icyubahiro, kiba igihe cyo kubeshya abana?

(5) Imana ibona ite ibirebana no guhana impano kuri Noheli, n’ibirori byo kwizihiza uwo munsi mukuru?

Uko iyo nyigisho iteye: Umuhango wo gutanga impano kuri Noheli ni umuhango wihariye, kuko kuri uwo munsi abantu bahana impano cyane. Nanone mu gihe cya Noheli abantu bagira ibirori, bakarya kandi bakanywa.

Aho yakomotse: Ibirori byo kwizihiza umunsi mukuru wa Saturunaliya wakorwaga n’Abaroma byatangiraga ku itariki ya 17 Ukuboza, bigasozwa ku itariki ya 24 Ukuboza, ari na bwo abantu bahanaga impano. Mu mihanda no mu ngo habaga hari urusaku rwinshi rw’abantu bari mu birori, basinze kandi barangwa n’imyifatire itagira rutangira. Umunsi wa Saturunaliya wakurikirwaga n’ibirori byo kwizihiza itariki ya mbere Mutarama. Uwo munsi na wo warangwaga n’ibirori byamaraga iminsi igera kuri itatu. Birashoboka ko ibirori by’umunsi mukuru wa Saturunaliya n’ibyo ku itariki ya 1 Mutarama byizihirizwaga hamwe, nk’aho ari umunsi mukuru umwe ugikomeza.

Icyo Bibiliya ibivugaho: Kwishima no kugira ubuntu, ni imico iranga abari mu idini ry’ukuri. Bibiliya igira iti “mwa bakiranutsi mwe, nimwishimire Yehova kandi munezerwe” (Zaburi 32:​11). Akenshi umunezero nk’uwo ujyana no kugira ubuntu (Imigani 11:​25). Yesu Kristo yagize ati “gutanga bihesha ibyishimo kuruta guhabwa” (Ibyakozwe 20:​35). Nanone yagize ati “mugire akamenyero ko gutanga,” cyangwa mu yandi magambo, bibe kimwe mu bintu bibaranga mu mibereho yanyu ya buri munsi.​​—⁠Luka 6:​38.

Icyakora, umuco nk’uwo wo gutanga nta ho uhuriye no gutanga by’umuhango gusa cyangwa gutanga ubihatiwe, wenda bitewe n’umugenzo abantu basanganywe. Bibiliya yavuze ibirebana n’impamvu nyayo yagombye gutuma dutanga, igira iti “buri wese akore nk’uko yabyiyemeje mu mutima we, atagononwa cyangwa asa n’ushyizweho agahato, kuko Imana ikunda utanga yishimye” (2 Abakorinto 9:​7). Abumvira ayo mahame ahebuje yo muri Bibiliya, batanga babitewe n’uko bagira ubuntu babivanye ku mutima, bakaba bashobora kubikora igihe icyo ari cyo cyose cy’umwaka. Nta washidikanya ko Imana iha umugisha umuntu ufite umutima nk’uwo wo gutanga, kandi nta na rimwe bimubera umutwaro.

Ni ikinyoma cyambaye ubusa!

Iyo ufashe ibintu hafi ya byose biba kuri Noheli, maze ukabisuzuma wifashishije Bibiliya, uhita ubona ko bifite inkomoko ya gipagani cyangwa bikaba bishingiye ku nkuru zo muri Bibiliya zagoretswe. Ku bw’ibyo, imigenzo ikorwa kuri Noheli, ni iya gikristo ku izina gusa. None se Noheli yaje kuba umunsi mukuru wa gikristo ite? Nyuma y’ibinyejana byinshi Kristo apfuye, hadutse abigisha b’ibinyoma benshi, nk’uko Bibiliya yari yarabihanuye (2 Timoteyo 4:​3, 4). Abo bantu batagira amahame bagenderaho bari bashishikajwe no guhuza ubukristo n’ibyo abantu benshi b’abapagani bakoraga, aho kwigisha ukuri. Ku bw’ibyo, bagiye bemera iminsi mikuru ya gipagani yo mu rwego rw’idini, maze bayigira iya “gikristo.”

Bibiliya yatanze umuburo igira iti ‘abo bigisha b’ibinyoma bazababwira amagambo y’amahimbano kugira ngo babarye imitsi. Ariko urubanza abo baciriwe uhereye kera kose ntirutinda, kandi kurimbuka kwabo ntiguhunikira’ (2 Petero 2:​1-3). Abahamya ba Yehova baha agaciro kenshi ayo magambo nk’ako baha Bibiliya yose, kuko babona ko ari Ijambo ry’Imana ryanditswe (2 Timoteyo 3:​16). Ni yo mpamvu batemera na gato imigenzo yose cyangwa iminsi mikuru y’ikinyoma yo mu rwego rw’idini. Ese kuba babona ibintu batyo byaba byaratumye batagira ibyishimo? Ahubwo ni bwo babigize! Nk’uko tugiye kubibona, biboneye ko ukuri ko muri Bibiliya kubatura.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Agasanduku/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 8]

UBIBA URUMAMFU AZASARURA URUMAMFU

Hari igitabo cyavuze ko abayobozi b’amadini bigeze kurwanya “ikintu cyose cyari gifite inkomoko ya gipagani” (Christmas Customs and Traditions​​—⁠Their History and Significance). Ariko uko igihe cyagiye gihita, abo bayobozi bagiye bashishikazwa no kugwiza abayoboke aho kwigisha ukuri. Ibyo byatumye batangira “kwihanganira” ibyo bikorwa bya gipagani, maze amaherezo barabyemera burundu.

Bibiliya ivuga ko “ibyo umuntu abiba ari na byo azasarura” (Abagalatiya 6:​7). Kubera ko amadini yamaze kubiba imbuto z’inyigisho za gipagani mu mirima yayo, ntiyagombye gutangazwa n’uko yejeje “urumamfu” rwinshi. Umunsi mukuru witwa ko ari uwo kwizihiza ivuka rya Yesu, wahindutse urwitwazo rwo gusinda no kurara inkera, ugasanga abantu buzuye amaduka aho kugira ngo buzure insengero, abagize imiryango bakishora mu myenda kugira ngo bagure impano, n’abana bakananirwa gutandukanya ukuri n’ikinyoma, aho usanga bananiwe gutandukanya Père Noël na Yesu Kristo. Koko rero, Imana ifite impamvu zumvikana zo kuba yaravuze iti “ntimukongere gukora ku kintu gihumanye.”​​—⁠2 Abakorinto 6:​17.

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 7]

Kimwe n’umunsi mukuru wa Saturunaliya wakorwaga kera, Noheli irangwa n’ibirori no kurya no kunywa

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

© Mary Evans Picture Library