Aho yakomotse:

hari igitabo cyavuze ko “abahanga mu bya filozofiya b’Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere, baje kwemera inyigisho y’Abagiriki yo kudapfa k’ubugingo, kandi batekerezaga ko ubugingo bwaremwe n’Imana hanyuma bukinjizwa mu mubiri mu gihe cy’isamwa.”—The New Encyclopædia Britannica (1988), Umubumbe wa 11, ku ipaji ya 25.

Icyo Bibiliya ibivugaho:

“ubugingo bukora icyaha ni bwo buzapfa.”—Ezekiyeli 18:4.

Bibiliya ivuga uko umuntu wa mbere yaremwe igira iti “Uwiteka Imana irema umuntu mu mukungugu wo hasi, imuhumekera mu mazuru umwuka w’ubugingo, umuntu ahinduka ubugingo buzima [mu Giheburayo ni neʹphesh].”—Itangiriro 2:7.

Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo neʹphesh ryahinduwemo “ubugingo,” risobanurwa ngo “ikiremwa gihumeka.” Igihe Imana yaremaga umuntu wa mbere Adamu, ntiyamushyizemo ubugingo budapfa, ahubwo yamushyizemo imbaraga y’ubuzima ibeshwaho no guhumeka. Ku bw’ibyo, iyo Bibiliya ivuga ibirebana n’“ubugingo,” iba ishaka kuvuga ikintu cyose gifite ubuzima uko cyakabaye. Iyo ubugingo butakirimo ya mbaraga y’ubuzima Imana yabushyizemo, burapfa.—Itangiriro 3:19; Ezekiyeli 18:20.

Inyigisho ivuga ko ubugingo budapfa yatumye abantu bibaza ibibazo bikurikira: ubugingo bujya he iyo umuntu apfuye? Bigendekera bite ubugingo bw’abanyabyaha? Igihe abiyita Abakristo bemeraga inyigisho ivuga ko ubugingo budapfa, byatumye bemera indi nyigisho y’ikinyoma ari yo y’umuriro w’iteka.

Gereranya iyi mirongo yo muri Bibiliya: Umubwiriza 3:19; Matayo 10:28; Ibyakozwe 3:23

Aho yakomotse:

hari igitabo cyavuze kiti “umuhanga mu bya filozofiya wa kera w’Umugiriki, wagize uruhare rukomeye kurusha abandi mu guhimba inyigisho y’umuriro w’iteka, ni Platon.”—Histoire des enfers (Amateka y’umuriro w’iteka), cyanditswe na Georges Minois, ku ipaji ya 50.

Hari ikindi gitabo cyagize kiti “guhera mu kinyejana cya kabiri rwagati, Abakristo bari barize filozofiya y’Abagiriki, batangiye kubona ko ari ngombwa gusobanurira abantu imyizerere yabo bakoresheje iyo filozofiya. . . . Filozofiya yabanyuze kurusha izindi ni iya Platon.”—The New Encyclopædia Britannica (1988), Umubumbe wa 25, ku ipaji ya 890.

Nanone hari igitabo cyavuze kiti ‘Kiliziya yigisha ko umuriro w’iteka ubaho. Iyo abantu bapfuye barakoze ibyaha, roho zabo zihita zijya mu muriro, aho zibabarizwa iteka. Igihano gikomeye kigera ku muntu uri mu muriro w’iteka, ni ugutandukanywa n’Imana iteka ryose.’—Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1994 edition, ku ipaji ya 270.

Icyo Bibiliya ibivugaho:

“abazima bazi ko bazapfa, ariko abapfuye bo nta cyo bakizi, . . . kuko ikuzimu aho uzajya nta mirimo nta n’imigambi uzahabona, haba no kumenya cyangwa ubwenge.”—Umubwiriza 9:5, 10.

Ni iki uwo murongo uhishura ku bihereranye n’imimerere abapfuye barimo? Ese bababarizwa ikuzimu kugira ngo bahanirwe ibyo bakoze? Ibyo si byo kubera ko Bibiliya ivuga ko “nta cyo bakizi.” Iyo ni yo mpamvu igihe umukurambere Yobu yababazwaga cyane n’indwara ikaze, yinginze Imana agira ati “icyampa ukampisha ikuzimu” (Yobu 14:13). Ubwo se yari gusenga asaba kujya ikuzimu, iyo haza kuba ari ahantu ho kubabarizwa iteka? Bibiliya igaragaza ko ikuzimu ari imva y’abantu bose, kandi ko nta mirimo ihakorerwa.

Ese ibyo si byo bisobanuro bikwiriye kandi bihuje n’Ibyanditswe? Ubundi se ni ikihe cyaha umuntu yakora, kabone n’iyo cyaba gikomeye gite, cyatuma Imana y’urukundo imubabaza ubuziraherezo (1 Yohana 4:8)? None se niba inyigisho y’umuriro w’iteka ari ikinyoma, twavuga iki ku bihereranye no kujya mu ijuru?

Gereranya iyi mirongo ya Bibiliya: Zaburi 146:3, 4; Ibyakozwe 2:25-27; Abaroma 6:7, 23

Aho yakomotse:

nyuma y’urupfu rw’intumwa za Yesu, mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya kabiri, hadutse abo bitaga Ababyeyi ba Kiliziya. Hari igitabo cyavuze ibirebana n’inyigisho zabo kigira kiti “bigishaga ko iyo umuntu apfuye, roho ye [ubugingo] iva mu mubiri ikamara igihe runaka yezwa, nyuma yaho igahita ijya mu ijuru.”—The New Catholic Encyclopedia (2003), Umubumbe wa 6, ipaji ya 687.

Icyo Bibiliya ibivugaho:

“abagira ibyishimo ni abitonda, kuko bazaragwa isi.”—Matayo 5:5.

Nubwo Yesu yasezeranyije abigishwa be ko yari “kubategurira umwanya” mu ijuru, yagaragaje ko atari abakiranutsi bose bajyayo (Yohana 3:13; 14:2, 3). N’ubundi kandi, yasenze asaba ko iby’Imana ishaka byakorwa “mu ijuru no ku isi” (Matayo 6:9, 10). Mu by’ukuri, abakiranutsi bafite ibyiringiro by’uburyo bubiri. Hari bake bazategekana na Kristo mu ijuru, n’abandi benshi bazabaho iteka ku isi.—Ibyahishuwe 5:10.

Uko igihe cyagiye gihita, kiliziya yahinduye uko yabonaga uruhare yari ifite ku isi. Ibyo byagize izihe ngaruka? Hari igitabo cyagize kiti “buhoro buhoro, kiliziya yagiye isimbura Ubwami bw’Imana bwari butegerejwe” (The New Encyclopædia Britannica). Kiliziya yatangiye gushaka amaboko yivanga muri politiki, bityo yirengagiza amagambo yumvikana neza Yesu yavuze agaragaza ko abigishwa be ‘atari ab’isi’ (Yohana 15:19; 17:14-16; 18:36). Kiliziya yahinduye imwe mu myizerere yayo, ibitewe n’Umwami w’Abami w’Umuroma witwaga Konsitantino. Imwe muri iyo myizerere, ni ihereranye n’uko kiliziya ibona Imana.

Gereranya iyi mirongo ya Bibiliya: Imigani 2:21, 22; Yohana 17:3; 2 Timoteyo 2:11, 12

Aho yakomotse:

hari igitabo cyagize kiti “umuntu yavuga ko inyigisho y’Ubutatu yadutse mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 4. Kandi koko, ibyo ni ukuri mu rugero runaka . . . Mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 4, igitekerezo cy’uko hariho ‘Imana imwe mu Baperisona batatu’ cyari kitarashinga imizi mu buryo buhamye, kandi rwose cyari kitaracengera mu buryo bwuzuye mu Bakristo no mu kwemera kwabo.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967), Umubumbe wa 14, ku ipaji ya 299.

Nanone hari igitabo cyavuze kiti “mu Konsili y’i Nicée yateranye ku itariki ya 20 Gicurasi mu mwaka wa 325, Konsitantino ni we ubwe wahagarariye iyo nama, anayobora ibiganiro. Nanone kandi, we ubwe yabasabye kwemera . . . ihame ry’ingenzi ryemerejwe muri iyo nama, ryagaragazaga isano iri hagati ya Kristo n’Imana. Iryo hame ryavugaga ko Kristo ‘ari umwe na Se..’ . . Kubera ko abepisikopi batinye umwami w’abami, bose bashyize umukono ku nyandiko yemeza iryo hame, nubwo abenshi muri bo bataryemeraga. Babiri gusa ni bo batashyize umukono kuri iyo nyandiko.”—Encyclopædia Britannica (1970), Umubumbe wa 6, ku ipaji ya 386.

Icyo Bibiliya ibivugaho:

“naho we [Sitefano] yuzura Roho Mutagatifu, ahanga amaso ijuru, abona ikuzo ry’Imana na Yezu ahagaze iburyo bw’Imana. Nuko aravuga ati ‘dore ndabona ijuru rikinguye, n’Umwana w’umuntu ahagaze iburyo bw’Imana.’”—Ibyakozwe 7:55, 56, Bibiliya Ntagatifu.

Ni iki iryo yerekwa rigaragaza? Sitefano yuzuye imbaraga z’Imana, maze abona Yesu “ahagaze iburyo bw’Imana.” Ibyo biragaragaza ko Yesu amaze kuzuka atigeze aba Imana, ahubwo yabaye ikiremwa cy’umwuka cyihariye. Iyo nkuru ivuga iby’iryo yerekwa, ntigaragaza ko hari umuperisona wa gatatu wari iruhande rw’Imana. Nubwo umupadiri w’Umudominikani witwa Marie-Émile Boismard yagerageje gushaka imirongo y’Ibyanditswe ishyigikira Ubutatu, yaranditse ati “amagambo avuga ko hari abaperisona batatu mu Mana imwe. . . nta ho ushobora kuyasanga mu Isezerano Rishya.”—À l’aube du christianisme—La naissance des dogmes.

Iyo nyigisho yari ishyigikiwe na Konsitantino, yari igamije guhagarika amacakubiri yari muri Kiliziya yo mu kinyejana cya kane. Icyakora, yatumye havuka ikindi kibazo: ese Mariya nyina wa Yesu yari “Nyina w’Imana?”

Gereranya iyi mirongo ya Bibiliya: Matayo 26:39; Yohana 14:28; 1 Abakorinto 15:27, 28; Abakolosayi 1:15, 16