Bhibhlya Ya Bedell Matomero Mang’ono, Mbidzakhala Yakubveka Mwadidi
MUDAENDA ntsogoleri Wacingerezi William Bedell ku Irlanda mu 1627, agumana makhaliro akudzudzumisa manyerezero. Irlanda ndi dziko yakudzala na uphemberi wa Katolika, mbwenye ikhatongwa na Protestante wa ku Inglatera. Aprotestante Akusasanyira Pinthu akhadathumburuza kale Bhibhlya mu pilongero pya mu Europa. Mbwenye nee m’bodzi akhapangiza cifuno ca kuthumburuza Cingerezi kudza Ciirlanda.
Bedell nee akhafuna kuti anthu analonga Ciirlanda “akakamizwe kupfundza Cingerezi” toera kubvesesa Bhibhlya. Iye aperekeka toera kuthumburuza Bhibhlya mu Ciirlanda. Mbwenye akhathimbana na kutcingwa kukulu, makamaka kwa Aprotestante. Thangwi yanji?
KUTCINGWA THANGWI YAKUPHATISIRA CIIRLANDA
Bedell atoma kupfundza ekhene Ciirlanda. Iye awangisa anyakupfundza toera kuphatisira Ciirlanda mu ndzidzi udakhala iye ntsogoleri wa Trinity College ku Dublin na mudadzakhala iye bispu wa ku Kilmore. Mwandimomwene, Nyanyi Elizabeti I wa ku Inglatera mudafungula iye Trinity College, iye acita xikola ineyi toera kukhunganya anthu akuti mbadakwanisa kupfundzisa mphangwa za Bhibhlya mu cilongero cawo. Bedell ayesera kucita pyenepi.
Ku diocese ya ku Kilmore, anthu azinji akhalonga Ciirlanda. Natenepa Bedell awangisira kugumana anthu akuti mbadakwanisa kulonga Ciirlanda. Iye akhaphemba mwakubverana na pidalemba mpostolo Paulu pa 1 Akorinto 14:19, inalonga kuti: ‘M’Mpingo ndinafuna kulonga mafala maxanu akubveka toera kupfundzisa anthu. M’mbuto mwakulonga mafala pikwi khumi a cilongero,’ pyenepi pisabveka cilongero cakukhonda bveka.
Mbwenye, anthu a mautongi awangisira kakamwe kunkhondesa. Mwakubverana na anyakulemba mbiri, anango akhalonga kuti kuphatisira Ciirlanda “kukhaikha Utongi pangozwi,” pontho anango akhalonga kuti “kukhali kuthimbana na pifuno pya Utongi.” Anango asanyerezera kuti cifuno ca Inglatera cikhali kukhondesa Ciirlanda. Mwandimomwene, kwakhazikiswa mitemo yakuti ikhaphemba anthu a ku Irlanda toera kusiya kulonga Ciirlanda na misambo yawo, pontho kuti apfundze Cingerezi na kutowezera misambo na makhaliro a Angerezi.
KUTHUMBURUZWA KWA BHIBHLYA YA BEDELL
Bedell nee agopeswa na mitemo ineyi. Kumatomero kwa pyaka 1630, atoma kuthumburuza Bhibhlya n’Ciirlanda mukuphatisira Bhibhlya yakubuluswa kwene N’cingerezi (King James Version ya 1611). Cifuno cace cikhali kucita Bhibhlya yakubveka kuna anthu azinji. Iye akhapibva kuti anyakutcerenga nee mbadakwanisa kufufudza Malemba toera kugumana njira ya umaso wakukhonda mala, mbadapitiriza kukhala na Bhibhlya yakukhonda bveka.—Jwau 17:3.
Bedell nee akhali wakutoma kukhala na maonero anewa. Pyaka cifupi 30 nduli, bispu William Daniel, akhadaona kuti mbapidakhala pyakunentsa kakamwe kudziwa pinapfundzisa Bhibhlya, ingabwera “mu ntambo wa cilongero cakukhonda dziwika.” Daniel akhadathumburuza Malemba Acigrego Acikristu n’Ciirlanda. Bedell akhapitiriza kuthumburuza Malemba Acihebere. Bhibhlya ya Bedell isaphataniza makhundu onsene mawiri, yace na ya William Daniel. Pakumalisira, Bhibhlya ya Bedell—yakutoma yamumphu n’Ciirlanda—yadzakhala iyo basi yakuthumburuzwa n’Ciirlanda kwa pyaka 300 kutsogolo.
Bedell, nyakudziwisa Wacihebere, alemba basa amuna awiri adabalwa ku Irlanda na asalonga Ciirlanda toera kumphedza kuthumburuza Cingerezi kudza Ciirlanda. Mukhapitiriza iwo na basa yawo, Bedell, pabodzi na m’bodzi peno anthu awiri akunyindirika, mwakuwangisira adinga mbasasanyira papswa vesi ibodzi na ibodzi. Toera kuona mareferensya, iwo akhasaka Bhibhlya Septuaginta Yacigrego yakuthumburuzwa n’Ciitalya na Giovanni Diodati, pontho Bhibhlya yakale Yacihebere yakulembwa na manja.
Nsoka ukhatsogolerwa na athumburuzi a King James Version (akuti azinji a iwo Bedell akhaadziwa) na aphataniza dzina ya Mulungu m’mbuto zizinji m’Bhibhlya yawo. Mwacitsandzo, pa Eksodo 6:3, iwo aphatisira dzina ya Mulungu yakuti “Iehovah.” Bhibhlya yakulembwa na manja yakutoma ya Bedell yakoyiwa m’Bibliyoteka ya Marsh, ku Dublin, Irlanda.—Onani bokosi “Kukumbukwa na Kupaswa Ntengo kwa Bedell.”
KUBULUSWA KWAYO
Bedell amalisa basa yace mu 1640. Mbwenye, nee mbadaibulusa mu ndzidzi unoyu. Thangwi yanji? Thangwi akhapitiriza kutcingwa. Anyakutcinga axola n’thumburuzi wankulu wa Bedell toera anthu akhonde kupasa ntengo Bhibhlya yace. Iwo afika pakum’manga mbamuikha nkaidi. Mwakuthimizira, Bedell agumanika pakati pa nsoka wakugopswa kakamwe wa anyakusandukira a ku Inglatera, udatoma mu 1641. Maseze Bedell akhali wa ku Inglatera, atsidzikizwa pa ndzidzi unoyu na anthu a ku Irlanda, thangwi iwo akhadziwa kuti iye akhadzudzumika kakamwe na iwo. Pakumalisira, anyankhondo akusandukira amuikha nkaidi m’makhaliro akunentsa kakamwe. Pyenepi ndipyo pidancitisa kulowa mu 1642. Bedell nee aona kubuluswa kwa Bhibhlya idathumburuza iye.
Bhibhlya ya Bedell ikhali cifupi na kufudzwa mudapiswa nyumba yace. Dombo ndi xamwali wace wakuti awangisira mpaka kubulusa matsamba onsene adamala kuthumburuzwa. Mukupita kwa ndzidzi, Narcissus Marsh, wakuti adzakhala bispu wankulu wa Armagh, Gereja yakutoma ya ku Irlanda, aakwata onsene. Iye atambira ciphedzo ca kobiri kuna siyentista Robert Boyle, pontho mwacipapo abulusa Bhibhlya ya Bedell mu 1685.
YAKUPWAZIKA, MBWENYE YAKUFUNIKA KAKAMWE NTSOGOLO
Kubuluswa kwa Bhibhlya ya Bedell nee kwatsandzayisa anthu pa dziko yonsene. Ngakhale kuti ikhali yakupwazika yadzakhala yakubveka mwadidi makamaka kwa anthu analonga Ciirlanda—tayu basi a ku Irlanda, mbwenye a ku Escócia na mbuto zinango zizinji. Cincino iwo mbadakwanirisa pyakufuna pyawo pyauzimu, munaleri iwo Mafala a Mulungu mu cilongero cawo.—Mateo 5:3, 6.
Bhibhlya ya Bedell isapitiriza kuphedza anthu anafuna undimomwene mu ndzidzi uno. Munthu m’bodzi wa ku Irlanda, wakuti apfundza cincino pinapfundzisa Bhibhlya mwandimomwene, alonga: “Tingaleri Bhibhlya ya Bedell, tisabva mafala a Bhibhlya mu cilongero cathu. Ndiyo idafungula njira kuna ine na banja yanga toera kupfundza undimomwene wadidi kakamwe unagumanika m’Bhibhlya.”
[Bokosi pa tsamba 12]
“Tingaleri Bhibhlya ya Bedell, tisabva mafala a Bhibhlya mu cilongero cathu. Ndiyo idafungula njira kuna ine na banja yanga toera kupfundza undimomwene wadidi kakamwe unagumanika m’Bhibhlya”
[Bokosi pa tsamba 13]
Kukumbukwa na Kupaswa Ntengo kwa Bedell
Cifupi na pyaka 300 pidamala kubuluswa Bhibhlya ya Bedell mu 1685, nee pakhali na Bhibhlya inango yamumphu idabuluswa n’Ciirlanda. Natenepa, mu 1981, nyakulemba Wacikatolika abulusa Bhibhlya ya Maynooth, yakuthumburuzwa n’Ciirlanda ca ndzidzi uno. M’mafala ayo akutoma, Bhibhlya ya Maynooth yalonga pya “khundu ikulu idacita Gereja ya ku Irlanda mudabulusa iwo Bhibhlya yawo m’pyaka dzana 17.” Mwandimomwene, ineyi ikhali Bhibhlya yakuthumburuzwa na Bedell, maseze cincino Gereja ya Katolika yakhondesa Akatolika kuleri Bhibhlya ya Bedell.
Anyakudziwisa adathumburuza Bhibhlya ya Maynooth abulusa anango mwa mabukhu awo akutoma mu 1971. Ibodzi mwa khundu ya Bhibhlya ineyi ikhali Pentatúc (Pentateuko), mabukhu maxanu akutoma a Bhibhlya. Mukudzindikira basa ikulu idacita Bedell, anyakudziwisa Acikatolika anewa aikha pa tsamba yakutoma nkati mwa Bhibhlya ineyi mafala akuti “Kukumbuka William Bedell.”
Anyakuthumburuza a Pentatúc aphatisira fala ya Ciirlanda “Iávé” toera kulonga dzina ya Mulungu m’mbuto zizinji zikhagumanika iyo m’Malemba Acihebere na Tetragrama peno YHWH. Pitsandzo pisagumanika pa Eksodo 6:2-13. Mwakutsukwalisa, mudamala kuthumburuzwa Bhibhlya yonsene ya Maynooth, anyakulemba ace—mwakusiyana na Bedell—atonga kubulusa dzina ya Mulungu m’mbuto zonsene zikhagumanika iyo mbaikhamo fala yakuti “an Tiarna” (Mbuya).