“Jehowa” kana “Yawe”?

TSHƐKƐTA yele “bu la dioho,” “tshɛkɛta yotombi oma l’ɛtɛkɛta ehende wotshikitanyi,” “ehekesa.” Kakɔna kakatshutshuya nomb’ewo y’Ase Hɛbɛru l’akambo wa Bible dia vɔ kamba la tɔtɛkɛta ta wolo ta ngasɔ na? Tamu takatombe dia mbeya kana “Jehowa” mbele yoho y’ɔlɔlɔ ya mbuta lokombo la Nzambi lo Angɛlɛ. Ambolekana ɛnɔnyi lokama mbambotomba tamu tɔsɔ. Ɛlɔ kɛnɛ, nomb’ewo efula ndekaka nanga mbuta ɔnɛ “Yawe,” yoho yele paka lo totenyi t’ɔtɛkɛta tohende toto. Onde mɛtɛ ɔtɛkɛtɛlɔ w’ɔnɛ “Jehowa” ekɔ “ehekesa”?

Oma Lɛnɛ akatɔngɔ tamu

Lo ndjela Bible, Nzambi ndamɛ mbakasholɛ anto lokombo lande. (Etumbelu 3:15) Afundelo mɛnyaka ɔnɛ ekambi wa Nzambi wa lo nshi y’edjedja wakakambaka la lokombo lɔsɔ oko akawalangaka. (Etatelu 12:8; Ruta 2:⁠4) Ndo wedja ekina wakeyaka lokombo laki Nzambi. (Jashua 2:⁠9) Dikambo sɔ diaki mɛtɛ djekoleko lam’akayekesanɛka Ase Juda l’anto w’oma lo wedja efula l’ɔkɔngɔ wa vɔ kawola oma la Babilɔna lɛnɛ akiwɔ lo lɔhɔmbɔ. (Osambu 96:​2-10; Isaya 12:4; Malaki 1:11) The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible mbutaka ɔnɛ: “Mɛnamaka tshɛ dia l’etena kakaye Ase Juda oma lo lɔhɔmbɔ, angɛndangɛnda efula wakakotwama oya l’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ awɔ.” Koko, oya l’eleko ka ntondo T.D., anto wakayongaka la dikanyiyakanyiya lo kɛnɛ kendana la lokombo la Nzambi. Yema yema, Ase Juda kondjotshika tsho kamba la lokombo laki Nzambi lo sɛkɛ, koko amɔtshi wakayodjɛka anto ndo ɔlɛmbɛ w’aha litɛkɛta. Omalɔkɔ, anto wakayohɛka woho wa mɛtɛ wakawalitɛkɛtaka​—⁠onde ngasɔ mbakidiɔ mɛtɛ?

Kakɔna kakoka tanema lo lokombo?

L’ɔtɛkɛta wa Hɛbɛru, lokombo la Nzambi fundamaka יהוה. Alɛta asɔ anɛi wadiema oma lo lonya lomi otsha lo lɔmɔsɔ, mbelamɛka ɔnɛ: Tetragramɛ. Nkombo efula y’anto ndo y’ahole watɛkɛtama lo Bible yekɔ la yoho mɔtshi y’okangelo ya lokombo lɔsɔ la Nzambi. Onde mɛtɛ, nkombo shɔ kokaka tokimanyiya dia mbeya nganɛ wakawatɛkɛtaka lokombo la Nzambi?

George Buchanan, prɔfɛsɛrɛ ka lokumu lo kalasa ka Seminɛrɛ ka la Wesley, l’États-Unis, suyaka dui sɔ. Nde nembetshiyaka ate: “Lo nshi y’edjedja, mbala efula ambutshi wakɔlɛka anawɔ nkombo ya tozambi zambi tawɔ. Dui sɔ mɛnyaka ɔnɛ takawahombe mbohɛ tɛkɛta nkombo y’anawɔ lo ndjela woho wakawelɛka tozambi zambi tɔsɔ. Wakadjaka Tetragramɛ lo nkombo y’anto ndo mbala tshɛ wakadjaka dɛta dia londjo dia l’atei atei.”

Tɔshi bɛnyɛlɔ dingana nɛ dia nkombo ya lo Bible yele la yoho ya lokanga ya lokombo la Nzambi. Jonathan, lokombo lafundama ɔnɛ Yoh·na·thanʹ kana Yehoh·na·thanʹ lo Bible ka lo Hɛbɛru, nembetshiyaka ɔnɛ “Yaho kana Yahowah ambosha,” lo ndjela kɛnɛ kata prɔfɛsɛrɛ Buchanan. Lo Hɛbɛru lokombo l’omvutshi Elidja ekɔ ʼE·li·yahʹ kana ʼE·li·yaʹhu. Lo ndjela prɔfɛsɛrɛ Buchanan, lokombo lɔsɔ nembetshiyaka ɔnɛ “Yahoo kana Yahoo-wah mbele Nzambi kami.” Yoho yakɔ yâmɛ, lo Hɛbɛru Jehɔshafata ekɔ Yehoh-sha·phatʹ, kitshimudi ate: “Yaho ambosambola.”

Lo woho watɛkɛtawɔ Tetragramɛ kɛsɔ lo tenyi pende ɔnɛ “Yawe,” ekɔ wolo dia dɛta o monga lo lokombo la Nzambi. Koko lo nkombo efula ya lo Bible yele la lokombo la Nzambi l’atei, dɛta dia londjo sɔ dia l’atei tanemaka oyadi l’Afundelo wa ntondo wa Bible kana lo yoho ya lokanga, oko lo lokombo Jehonathan ndo Jonathan. Omalɔkɔ, prɔfɛsɛrɛ Buchanan mbutaka lo kɛnɛ kendana la lokombo la Nzambi ate: “Ndoko dihole ɔtɔi diakamɔ dɛta oo kana oh. Mbala efula tshɛkɛta shɔ yakakangemaka ‘Ya,’ koko aha ‘Ya-weh.’ . . . Lam’akawatɛkɛtaka Tetragramɛ lo tshenyi tshɔi, aki ‘Yah’ kana ‘Yo.’ Ko naka lo totenyi tosato kete aki ‘Yahowah’ kana ‘Yahoowah.’ Ko naka lo totenyi tohende kete akahombe kangema ‘Yaho.’ ”​—⁠Biblical Archaeology Review.

Kɔmatɛrɛ shɔ tokimanyiyaka dia mboka kɛnɛ kakate Gesenius, nomb’ewo k’Ose Hɛbɛru ka l’eleko ka 19, lo dibuku diande dia Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures ɔnɛ: “Wanɛ wata ɔnɛ יְהוָֹה [Ye-ho-wah] mbaki yoho yakawelɛka [lokombo la Nzambi] lo nshi shɔ wekɔ la woho wakokawɔ nembetshiya kanyi yawɔ shɔ. Lo yoho shɔ mbakoka nembetshiyama dimɛna okangelo wa lokombo la Nzambi lo tenyi pende יְהוֹ [Ye-ho] ndo יוֹ [Yo], totenyi tatatɛ lo nkombo efula.”

Koko, Everett akɛnya lo mbɔtwɛlɔ k’ekadimwelo kande k’oyoyo k’Abuku Atanu wa Mɔsɛ (Angɛlɛ), ɔnɛ: “woho wakawahembe ndo wahembawɔ polo nd’ɛlɔ dia ‘nɔngɔsɔla’ yoho yatawɔ lokombo la [Nzambi] lo Hɛbɛru halɔngana; oyadi woho wokaso tena dimɔtshi walieta ɔnɛ ‘Jehowa’ kana yoho yalielɛ wa nomb’ewo ɔnɛ ‘Yawe,’ ndoko djembetelo yele lawɔ.”

Aha la tamu, wa nomb’ewo hawotohekɔ kɛtshanya lo dikambo sɔ. Ase Juda wakatshike tɛkɛta lokombo la Nzambi ka mɛtɛ la ntondo ka waa Masɔrɛtɛ, mbut’ate asangodi w’Afundelo wa lo Hɛbɛru, ndjotondja woho wa fundaka l’alɛta wa londjo. Omalɔkɔ, ndoko woho wakokaso mbeya alɛta wa londjo wakawadjaka l’asa alɛta wa lomi anɛ: YHWH (יהוה). Koko, lam’ele nkombo y’anto watɛkɛtama lo Bible yakiwɔ kombohamɛ, sho kokaka mbeya nganɛ wakawelɛka lokombo la Nzambi. Oma lo dikambo sɔ, nomb’ewo mɔtshi mbetawɔka ɔnɛ lokombo “Jehowa” bu mɛtɛ “ehekesa.”

[Caption on page 31]

[Caption on page 31]

“Jehowa” mbele yoho yamboleka kokanɛ yetawɔ lokombo Nzambi