Ko e Fekumi ki ha Fokotuʻutuʻu Foʻou ʻo e Māmani
“ʻOKU ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha ngaahi mape ia ke nau tataki kitautolu ki he feituʻu ʻoku tau ʻalu ki aí, ki he māmani foʻou ko ʻeni ko ʻetau ngaohi pē. ʻI he vakai ki he kuo hili ʻo e māmaní ki he ngaahi hongofuluʻi taʻu ʻe hiva ʻo e tau, ʻo e fepaki mālohi, ʻo e fakahuʻuhuʻu, tau toe vakai foki ki muʻa—ki ha senituli foʻou, mo ha afeʻi taʻu foʻou ʻo e melino, tauʻatāina mo e tuʻumālie.”
Naʻe fai ʻe he palesiteni ʻo ʻAmeliká ko George Bush ʻa e fakamatala ko iá ʻi Sānuali 1, 1990. ʻI ha fakamatala meimei tatau, ko e palesiteni ʻo Lūsia he taimi ko iá, ko Mikhail Gorbachev, naʻá ne fokotuʻu ke fai ha fetokoniʻaki ʻi he ngaahi taʻu ʻo e 1990 tupú ke toʻo atu mei he “māmani ʻa e ngaahi manavahē mo e taʻefalala, ʻa e ngaahi meʻatau ʻoku ʻikai ke fiemaʻu, ʻa e ngaahi fakakaukau fakapolitikale mo e ngaahi tokāteline fakaekautau kuo ʻosi hono taimi, mo e ngaahi fakangatangataʻanga faʻu pē ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e kakaí mo e ngaahi puleʻangá.” Ko e fakamatala ia naʻe fai ʻe he Mainichi Daily News ʻa Siapani ʻi Sānuali 3, 1990.
ʻOku hā mahino, naʻe lahi ʻa e ʻamanaki ʻi he meʻá ni. Naʻe kei pehē pē ʻi he ʻosi ʻa e taʻu ʻe taha mei ai. ʻI he fakamatala ʻo kau ki he Tuʻunga ʻo e Fonuá ʻi Sānuali 29, 1991, naʻe lave ʻa Palesiteni Bush ki he tau ʻi he Kūlifa ʻo Peasiá ʻo ne pehē: “ʻOku ʻikai ko e fonua siʻisiʻi pē ʻe taha [ko Kueiti] ʻoku ʻi ha tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmakí, ka ko ha foʻi fakakaukau lahi—ko ha fokotuʻutuʻu foʻou ʻo e māmani ʻa ia ʻoku fakatahatahaʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi fonua kehekehe ki ha taumuʻa pē ʻe taha ke fakahoko ʻa e ngaahi holi fakalūkufua ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá: ko e melino mo e maluʻanga, tauʻatāina mo e pule ʻa e laó.”
ʻIkai ko ha Kumi ʻE Taʻe Kau ai ʻa e Faingataʻa
ʻOku lahi ʻa e ngaahi palopalema ʻokú ne fakafaingataʻaʻiaʻi ʻa e tangatá ʻi heʻene kumi ki ha fokotuʻutuʻu foʻou ʻo e māmaní. Ko e moʻoni ko e ngaahi fepaki ʻoku kau ai ʻa e ngaahi mahafú ʻokú ne taʻofi ʻeni. ʻI he lave ki he fefakafiliʻaki ʻi he taimi lolotonga ko iá ʻa ʻIulaki mo Kueití, naʻe pehē ʻe he makasini ko e Time, ʻo Sānuali 28, 1991: “ʻI he tō hifo ʻa e ngaahi pomú pea laku mai mo e ngaahi mahafú, naʻe holomui ʻa e ngaahi ʻamanaki ki ha fokotuʻutuʻu foʻou ʻo e māmaní ki he maveuveu anga-maheni pē.” Naʻe tānaki atu ki ai ʻe he makasiní: “ʻOku ʻikai totonu ki ha taha ke ʻi ai haʻane fakakaukau hala ʻo pehē ko e pōlepole lahi fau ki he fokotuʻutuʻu foʻou ʻo e māmaní kuo ʻosi hoko ia pe ʻoku panaki mai.”
Kuo ʻikai pē ke teitei maʻu ʻa e fetokoniʻaki fakaevahaʻapuleʻangá, pea ʻoku taʻotaʻofi ʻe he meʻá ni ʻa e ngaahi feinga ʻa e tangatá ke fokotuʻu ha fokotuʻutuʻu foʻou ʻo e māmaní. Ko e fakamatala ʻoku hā ʻi he tohi ko e The World & I (Sānuali 1991), naʻe vakaiʻi ʻe he kau poto mataotaó “ʻa e ngaahi fakaangaanga fakalūkufua ʻo kau ki he ngaahi fonua mulí ʻoku kamata ke ʻasi mei he ngaahi mafai mātuʻaki mālohí pea mo ʻenau uesia nai ʻa e fokotuʻutuʻu foʻou ʻo e māmaní.” Naʻe fakaʻosiʻaki ʻe he ʻetitá: “ʻOku fakahā ʻe he hisitōliá ʻo pehē ko e fakangatangataʻanga ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e taú mo e melinó ʻoku fuʻu manifi ʻaupito ʻo aʻu ki he taimi ʻoku lelei taha ai ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga. Ko e fetokoniʻaki fakaevahaʻapuleʻangá, tautefito ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi mafai lalahí, ʻoku mātuʻaki mahuʻinga ia ki ha liliu lavameʻa mei he fepaki mālohi fakapolitikalé ki ha fokotuʻutuʻu foʻou ʻo e māmani.”
Ko e ngaahi palopalema fakaeʻātakaí ʻokú ne toe fakafaingataʻaʻiaʻi foki ʻa e fokotuʻutuʻu foʻou ʻo e māmani ʻa ia ʻoku fakaʻuta atu ki ai ʻa e tokolahi. ʻI he State of the World 1991 (ko ha fakamatala ʻa e World-watch Institute), naʻe pehē ʻe Lester R. Brown: “ʻOku ʻikai ke lava ʻe ha tokotaha ke ne tala pau pe ʻe anga-fēfē ʻa e fokotuʻutuʻu foʻoú. Ka ʻo kapau te tau ngaohi ha kahaʻu fiefia ki he toʻutangata hono hokó, pea tā ko e feinga kāfakafa ʻoku fiemaʻu ke liliu ʻa e tuʻunga ololalo fakaeʻātakai ʻo e palanité te ne mātuʻaki puleʻi ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻe hoko ʻi he māmaní ʻi he ngaahi hongofuluʻi taʻu ka hoko maí.” Naʻe fakahā ʻe he fakamatala ko iá ko e ʻuliʻi ʻo e ʻeá kuo “aʻu ki ha tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ki he moʻui fakaesinó ʻi he ngaahi kolo lalahi ʻe laui teau mo e tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ki he ngaahi ngoué ʻi he ngaahi fonua lahi ʻaupito.” Naʻá ne tānaki atu ki ai ʻo pehē: “ʻI he fakaʻau ke tokolahi ange ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ʻoku nau nofoʻi ʻa e palanite ko ení, ʻoku holo hifo ʻa e lahi ʻo e faʻahinga ʻo e ʻakaú mo e fanga monumanú. Ko e fakaʻauha ʻo honau nofoʻanga fakaenatulá mo e ʻuliʻi ʻo e ʻātakaí ʻokú ne fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e faʻahinga meʻamoʻui kehekehe ʻo e māmaní. Ko e fakaʻau ke māfana ange ʻa e ʻeá pea mo e fakaʻau ke toe siʻi ange ʻa e matolu ʻo e ʻōsouní ʻe lava nai ke tānaki atu ki he mole ko iá.”
Ko ia, ʻoku hā mahino, ko e kumi ʻa e tangatá ki ha fokotuʻutuʻu foʻou ʻo e māmaní ʻoku fele ai ʻa e ngaahi palopalema. ʻE hoko ʻo lavameʻa ʻa e kumi ko iá? ʻE lava ke pehē ʻoku panaki mai ha māmani foʻou? Kapau ko ia, ʻe anga-fēfē hano fakahoko mai ia?