Ko e Hā ʻOku Faingataʻa Pehē Ai ʻa e Loto-Falalá?

‘ʻE LAVA ke ke falala moʻoni ki ha taha pē ʻi he ngaahi ʻahó ni?’ Mahalo pē kuó ke ʻosi fanongo ʻi ha taha feifeitamaki kuó ne ʻeke ʻa e fehuʻí ni. Pe kuo aʻu nai ʻo ke ʻeke ʻa e fehuʻí ʻe koe tonu ʻi he taimi naʻe uesia fakaeongo ai koe ʻi ha ngaahi meʻa kuo hoko ʻi hoʻo moʻuí.

ʻOku ʻikai alafakaʻikaiʻi, ʻoku ʻikai ha loto-falala ʻi māmani lahi ʻi he ngaahi fokotuʻutuʻú pea ʻi he kakai kehé. ʻOku faʻa fakatonuhiaʻi pē ʻa e ʻikai ha loto-falalá ia. ʻOku ʻamanekina moʻoni ʻe ha taha ʻe tauhi ʻe he tokolahi taha ʻo e kau politikí ʻa ʻenau talaʻofa kotoa ki muʻa he filí? Naʻe fakahaaʻi he 1990 ʻi ha savea ʻo ha kau ako ʻe toko 1,000 ʻi Siamane, neongo ko e peseti ʻe 16.5 ʻo kinautolu naʻa nau loto-falala ʻe lava ʻe he kau politikí ʻo solova ʻa e ngaahi palopalema ʻi he māmaní, ʻoku liunga ua ʻa e tokolahi ia naʻa nau fakahaaʻi ʻa e veiveiua lahi. Pea naʻe pehē ʻe he tokolahi tahá naʻe ʻikai haʻanau loto-falala ki he malava ʻa e kau politikí ke solova ʻa e ngaahi palopalemá pehē foki ki haʻanau loto-lelei ke fai pehē.

Naʻe lāunga ʻa e nusipepa Stuttgarter Nachrichten: “ʻOku fuʻu tokolahi ʻa e kau politiki kuo nau tokanga muʻomuʻa pē ki heʻenau ngaahi meʻá, pea toki hoko leva, mahalo pē nai, ki he ngaahi meʻa ʻa honau kau filí.” ʻOku tui pehē ʻa e kakai ʻi he ngaahi fonua kehé. Ko e nusipepa ko e The European naʻe pehē ai fekauʻaki mo ha fonua ʻe taha: “Ko e talakehe ʻa e toʻutupú ki he kau politikí ʻoku makatuʻunga lelei pea kuo kau atu ki ai mo ʻenau kau taʻumotuʻá.” Naʻe fakamatalaʻi ai ‘ko e kau filí ʻoku nau faʻa tuku ki tuʻa mei he ʻōfisí ʻa e ngaahi faʻahi fakapolitikalé.’ Naʻe toe pehē ʻe he nusipepá: “Ko ha taha pē ʻokú ne fakamoleki ha taimi ʻi he haʻohaʻonga ʻo e kau talavoú [ʻi aí] ʻoku vave ʻene fakatokangaʻi ʻenau taʻelotofalalá mo e ongoʻi taumuʻavaleá.” Ka neongo ia, ʻi ha ʻikai ha loto-falala mei he kakaí, ʻe ʻikai loko lava ha meʻa ʻe ha founga-pule fakatemokalati. Ko e Palesiteni ʻo e U.S. ki muʻa ange ko John F. Kennedy naʻá ne pehē ʻi he taimi ʻe taha: “Ko e makatuʻunga ʻo ha founga-pule ola lelei ko e loto-falala ʻa e kakaí.”

Fekauʻaki mo e loto-falala ʻi he māmani ʻo e paʻangá, ko e ngaahi liliu fakafokifā fakaʻikonōmiká mo e ngaahi faʻufaʻu ke tuʻumālie vave ko ia kuo iku ʻo fehālaakí, kuo fakatupunga ai ʻa e tokolahi ke toumoua. ʻI he taimi naʻe fetōʻaki tavale ai ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga fakamāketi ʻo e māmaní ʻi ʻOkatopa 1997, naʻe fakamatala ai ʻi ha makasini ongoongo fekauʻaki “mo ha ʻikai ha loto-falala lahi fakaʻulia pea taʻeʻuhinga ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi” pea pehē ki he “mafolalahia ʻa e ʻikai ha loto-falalá.” Naʻe toe pehē foki ai ko e “loto-falalá kuo mātuʻaki hōloa atu ia [ʻi ha fonua ʻĒsia ʻe taha] ʻo ngali ʻi he tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ai . . . ʻa e moʻui tonu ʻa e Puleʻangá.” ʻI hono fakanounoú, naʻá ne fakamatalaʻi ʻa e meʻa ʻoku hā mahinó: “Ko e ngaahi tuʻunga fakaʻikonōmiká ʻoku fakafalala ia ki he loto-falalá.”

ʻOku toe taʻemalava ʻa e lotú ke ne fakatupu ʻa e loto-falalá. ʻOku fakamatalaʻi mamahi ʻe he tohi fakalotu Siamane ko e Christ in der Gegenwart: “Ko e tuʻunga ʻo e loto-falala kuo tuku ʻe he kakaí ki he Siasí ʻoku hokohoko ʻa ʻene tōlaló.” ʻI he vahaʻa ʻo e 1986 mo e 1992, ko e tokolahi ʻo e kau Siamane naʻe lahi, pe ʻi ai ha kiʻi loto-falala feʻunga ki he siasí naʻe tō ia mei he peseti ʻe 40 ki he 33. Ko hono moʻoní, ʻi Siamane Hahake ki muʻá, naʻe tō ia ki lalo hifo ʻi he peseti ʻe 20. ʻI hono kehé, ko e kakai ʻoku siʻi pe ʻikai haʻanau loto-falala ki he siasí naʻe tupu ia mei he peseti ʻe 56 ki he 66 ʻi he feituʻu naʻe Siamane Hihifo ki muʻá pea ki he peseti ʻe 71 ʻi he Siamane Hahake ki muʻá.

Ko ha tō ʻa e loto-falalá kuo hoko ia ʻo hā mahino ʻi he ngaahi malaʻe kehe tuku kehe ʻa e politikí, paʻangá, mo e lotú​—ʻa e pou tefito ʻe tolu ʻo e sōsaieti ʻo e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá. Ko e fakatātā ʻe taha ko e fakahoko ʻo e laó. Ko e ngaahi matāmama ʻi he ngaahi lao faihiá, ngaahi faingataʻaʻia ʻi hono fakahoko totonu ʻa e laó, mo e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ngali kehe fakaefakamaauʻangá kuó ne luluʻi lahi ʻa e falala ʻa e kakaí. Fakatatau ki he makasini Time, “ko e feifeitamaki ʻa e kakai ʻo e fonuá mo e kau polisí kuo aʻu ia ki ha tuʻunga ʻo e ʻikai ha loto-falala ki ha faʻahinga fokotuʻutuʻu ʻokú ne toutou fakaʻatā pē ʻa e kau faihia fakatuʻutāmakí.” Koeʻuhi ko e ngaahi tukuakiʻi ʻo e kau polisí ki he kakaá mo e anga-fakamamahí, kuo tōlalo ai naʻa mo e loto-falala ki he kau polisí.

Fekauʻaki mo e kau politiki fakavahaʻapuleʻangá, ko e ngaahi alea melino taʻelavá mo e maumauʻi ʻo e huʻi mahafú ʻokú ne fakamamafaʻi ʻa e ʻikai ha loto-falalá. Ko e ʻamipasitoa U.S. ki he Ngaahi Puleʻanga Fakatahatahá ko Bill Richardson, ʻokú ne fakapapauʻi ʻa e maka tūkiaʻanga tefito ki hono maʻu ʻa e melino ʻi he Hahake Lolotó, ʻaki ʻene pehē pē: “ʻOku ʻikai ha loto-falala.”

ʻI he taimi tatau ʻi ha tuʻunga fakafoʻituitui ange, ʻoku ʻikai ha loto-falala ia ʻi he kakai tokolahi ʻo aʻu pē ki he ngaahi kāinga mo e kaungāmeʻa ofí, ʻa e faʻahinga tofu pē ko ia ʻoku anga-maheniʻaki ke hanga ki ai ʻa e tangatá ki ha mahino mo ha fakafiemālie ʻi he taimi ʻoku nau maʻu ai ha ngaahi palopalemá. ʻOku meimei hangē ia ko e tuʻunga ko ia naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe he palōfita Hepelū ko Maiká: “ʻOua te mou tuʻanaki ki ha kaumeʻa, ʻoua te mou falala ki ha toʻutakanga: tauhi ʻa e matapa ʻo ho ngutu mei he fefine ʻoku tokoto ʻi ho fatafata.”​—Maika 7:5.

Ko ha Fakaʻilonga ʻo e Kuongá

Ko e faisaienisi Siamane ki he ʻatamaí ko Arthur Fischer naʻe fai ʻa e lave ki muí ni ki heʻene pehē: “Ko e loto-falala ki he fakalakalaka ʻi he sōsaietí pea mo e kahaʻu fakafoʻituitui ʻo ha tahá kuo tō fakafokifā moʻoni ia ʻi he ngaahi tafaʻaki kotoa pē. ʻOku veiveiua ʻa e kau talavoú ki ha malava ke tokoniʻi kinautolu ʻe he ngaahi fokotuʻutuʻu ʻa e sōsaietí. Kuo ʻikai ke nau kei maʻu ha loto-falala, tatau ai pē pe ko e fakapolitikale, fakalotu, pe ko ha toe kautaha kehe pē.” ʻOku ʻikai ha ofo ʻi he lea ʻa e faisaienisi ki he anga ʻo e nofó ko Ulrich Beck fekauʻaki mo ha “anga fakafonua ʻo e veiveiua” ki he ngaahi mafai, ngaahi fokotuʻutuʻú, mo e kau mataotao tuʻu fuoloá.

ʻI ha anga fakafonua pehē, ʻoku hehema ʻa e kakaí ke holomui, ke talitekeʻi ʻa e tuʻunga mafai kotoa pē, pea ke moʻui ʻo fakatatau ki he ngaahi tuʻunga fakafoʻituituí, ʻo fai ʻa e ngaahi fili tauʻatāina mei he akonakí pe fakahinohino mei he niʻihi kehé. ʻOku hoko ʻa e niʻihi ʻo huʻuhuʻu tōtuʻa, ʻo aʻu pē nai ʻo taʻefakaʻatuʻi, ʻi he feangai mo e faʻahinga ko ia ʻoku nau ongoʻi heʻikai lava ke nau toe falala ki aí. Ko e fakakaukau ko ʻení ʻokú ne pouaki ha ʻātakai fakatuʻutāmaki, hangē ko ia kuo fakamatalaʻi ʻi he Tohitapú: “Ka hokosia ʻa e kuonga fakamui, ʻe ai ha ngaahi taimi faingataʻa. He ko hono kakai te nau ʻofa kiate kinautolu pe, te nau ʻofa ki he paʻanga, te nau fielahi, te nau angataʻetokaʻi, te nau lea fieʻotua, te nau talangataʻa ki he matuʻa; ko e kau taʻehounga, ko e kau angataʻemolumalu, ko e kau taeʻofa-ki-hoʻota, ko e kau taʻefakamolemole, ko e kau fakakovi, ko e kau taʻefakamaʻumaʻu, ko e kau angafakamanu, ko e kau taeʻofa ki he lelei, ko e kau lavaki, ko e kau ʻohonoa, ko e kau loto ʻaoʻaofia ʻi he ʻafungi, ko e kau ʻofa ki he malie ʻo ʻikai ʻofa ki he ʻOtua, ko e kakai ʻoku maʻu ʻa e ngeʻesi ʻo e lotu, ka kuo nau liʻaki hono kakano.” (2 Timote 3:​1-5; Palovepi 18:1) Ko e moʻoni, ko e faingataʻa pehē ʻa e loto-falalá he ʻaho ní, ko ha fakaʻilonga ia ʻo e kuongá, ko ha fakaʻilonga ia ʻo e “ngaahi ʻaho fakamui.”

ʻI ha māmani ʻoku mafasia ʻi ha faingataʻa pehē ʻa e loto-falalá pea tokolahi ai ʻa e kakai hangē ko ia naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻi ʻolungá, heʻikai lava moʻoni ke hoko ʻo fiefia kakato ʻi he moʻuí. Ka ʻoku ngali totonu ke fakakaukau ʻe liliu ʻa e ngaahi meʻá? ʻE lava ke fakaleleiʻi ʻa e faingataʻa pehē ʻa e loto-falalá ʻi he ʻahó ni? Kapau ko ia, ʻe anga-fēfē pea ʻe hoko ʻafē?