ʻE Lava Ke Ke Tui ki ha Māmani Palataisi?
KO E kakai tokosiʻi pē ʻoku nau tui ʻe faifai ange pea hoko ʻa e māmaní ko ha palataisí. ʻOku fakakaukau ʻa e tokolahi ʻe ʻikai ʻaupito ke hokohoko atu ʻa ʻene ʻi aí. Fakatatau ki he tohi The Sacred Earth, ʻa Brian Leigh Molyneaux, naʻe hoko ʻo ʻi ai ʻa e foʻi kolope ko ení koeʻuhi ko ha ‘foʻi pā fakaeʻuniveesi lahi’ ʻi he ngaahi taʻu ʻe laui miliona he kuohilí. Pea kapau ʻe ʻikai fakaʻauha ʻe he tangatá tonu ʻa e foʻi māmaní, ʻoku tui ʻa e tokolahi ko ia pea mo e ʻunivēsí fakakātoa ʻe iku ʻo “holofa ʻo foki ʻo hoko ko ha foʻi pulu afi uloulo.”
Ko e tokotaha faʻu-maau Pilitānia ʻi he senituli hono 17 ko John Milton naʻe ʻikai haʻane ngaahi fakakaukau fakatuʻatamaki pehē. ʻI heʻene foʻi maau lōloa ko e Paradise Lost, naʻá ne tohi ai ʻo pehē naʻe fakatupu ʻe he ʻOtuá ʻa e foʻi māmaní ke hoko ko ha ʻapi palataisi ki he fāmili fakaetangatá. Ko e muʻaki Palataisi ko iá naʻe mole ia. Kae kehe, naʻe tui ʻa Milton ʻe toe fakafoki mai ia—ko Sīsū Kalaisi ʻi heʻene hoko ko e tokotaha huhuʻí te ne hanga ʻi ha ʻaho ʻo “fakapaleʻi ʻa ʻene kau faitōnungá, pea talitali kinautolu ki he fiefia kakato . . . ʻi Hēvani pe ko Māmani.” Naʻe talaki loto-falala ʻe Milton: “ʻI he taimi ko iá ʻe hoko kotoa ʻa e Māmaní ko ha Palataisi.”
Palataisi—ʻi Hēvani pe ʻi Māmani?
ʻOku kau ʻa e kakai lotu tokolahi ʻi he fakakaukau ʻa Milton ʻe faifai pē ʻo nau maʻu ha faʻahinga pale ki he ngaahi meʻa fakalilifu pea mo e mamahi naʻe pau ke nau kātakiʻi ʻi heni ʻi he māmaní. Ka ko fē te nau maʻu ai ʻa e pale ko iá? ʻE “ʻi Hēvani pe ko Māmani”? Ki he niʻihi, ʻoku ʻikai teitei kau ʻi heʻenau fakakaukaú ʻa e māmaní. ʻOku nau pehē ʻe maʻu ʻe he kakaí ʻa e “fiefia kakato” ʻi he toki hili pē ʻenau mavahe mei he māmaní ʻo nofo ʻi ha nofoʻanga laumālie ʻi hēvani.
ʻI he tohi ko e Heaven—A History, ko e ongo faʻu-tohi ko C. McDannell mo B. Lang ʻokú na pehē naʻe tui ʻa e teolosia ko ʻIleniasi ʻi he senituli hono uá ko e moʻui ʻi ha palataisi ʻe toe fakafoki maí “ʻe ʻikai ke hoko ia ʻi ha nofoʻanga fakahēvani mamaʻo, ka ʻi māmani.” Fakatatau ki he tohi ko iá, neongo ko e ongo taki lotu hangē ko Sione Kalavini mo Mātini Lūteló naʻá na ʻamanaki ke ō ki hēvani, naʻá na toe tui foki ko e “ʻOtuá te ne fakafoʻou ʻa e foʻi māmaní.” Kuo maʻu ʻe he kau mēmipa ʻo e ngaahi lotu kehé ʻa e ngaahi tui meimei tatau. ʻOku toe pehē ʻe McDannell mo Lang naʻe tui ʻa e kakai Siu ʻe niʻihi ʻo pehē ʻi he taimi totonu ʻa e ʻOtuá, ko e ngaahi faingataʻa fakaetangatá kotoa “ʻe toʻo atu ia pea ʻe moʻuiʻaki ha moʻui mohu ʻuhinga ʻi māmani.” Fakatatau ki he tui faka-Pēsia ʻo e kuonga muʻá, “ko e muʻaki tuʻunga ʻo e māmaní ʻe toe fakafoki mai ia pea ʻe toe moʻui ʻa e kakaí ʻi he melinó,” ko e lau ia ʻa e Encyclopaedia of Middle Eastern Mythology and Religion.
Ko e hā naʻe hoko ki he ʻamanaki ʻo kau ki ha māmani palataisí? Ko ʻetau ʻi ai ʻi he māmaní naʻe ʻuhingá ke ʻi ha tuʻunga fakataimi pē? Hangē ko e tui ʻa e filōsefa Siu ko Filo ʻi he ʻuluaki senitulí, ʻe hoko pē ia ko ha “meʻa naʻe hoko nounou ʻo faʻa ʻikai lavameʻa” ʻi ha fononga ki ha nofoʻanga laumālie? Pe naʻe ʻi ai ha toe meʻa kehe ʻi he taumuʻa ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻi he taimi naʻá ne fakatupu ai ʻa e foʻi māmaní pea tuku ʻa e tangatá ʻi hono ngaahi tuʻunga palataisí? ʻE lava ke maʻu ʻe he faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ha lavameʻa fakalaumālie moʻoni mo e fiefia kakato ʻi heni tonu ʻi he māmaní? Ko e hā ʻoku ʻikai ke sivisiviʻi ai ʻa e meʻa ʻoku leaʻaki ʻe he Tohitapú ʻo fekauʻaki mo e kaveinga ko ení? Te ke fakaʻosi lelei ʻaki nai, hangē ko ia kuo ʻosi fai ʻe he laui miliona, ke ʻamanaki ki ha palataisi fakaemāmani ʻe fakafoki maí ʻoku ʻuhinga lelei moʻoni ia.
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 3]
Ko e tokotaha faʻu-maau ko John Milton naʻá ne tui ʻe toe fakafoki mai ʻa e Palataisí
[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā ʻi he peesi 2]
TAKAFÍ: Māmaní: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C./NASA
[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā ʻi he peesi 3]
Māmaní: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C./NASA; John Milton: Leslie’s