Piá—Ko e Talanoa Fekauʻaki mo e Inu Lanu-Koulá
Mei he tokotaha-tohi ʻĀ Hake! ʻi he Lepupilika Sekí
KO E HĀ ʻoku faʻa fakaʻamua ʻe ha tangata ʻoku fieinua moʻoni? ʻI he ngaahi fonua lahi, tatau ai pē pe ko ha tokotaha ngāue leipa pe ko ha tangata pisinisi, ʻokú ne fakaʻamua nai ha ipu ʻo ʻene inu lanu-koula ʻokú ne mamanaʻakí. ʻOkú ne sioloto atu nai ki he inu ʻoku koa hinehina matolu ʻi ʻolunga pea kiʻi ifo tamalá. ʻOkú ne pehē hifo nai leva kiate ia, ‘Ke u inu mai ha ipu pia mokomoko!’
ʻOku meimei motuʻa tatau pē ʻa e piá mo e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá. Kuo laui afeʻi taʻu ʻene tauhi mai ʻene manakoá, pea kuo hoko ia ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu lahi ko ha konga tefito ʻo e anga fakafonua fakalotofonuá. Ko hono pangó pē, kuo hoko ʻa e piá ia ko ha tupuʻanga ʻo e ngaahi palopalema ki he faʻahinga ko ia ʻoku nau maʻu ia ʻo fuʻu tōtuʻá. Kae kehe, ko hono maʻu fakafuofua iá, ʻoku hanga ʻe hono ngaahi tuʻunga lelei makehé mo hono ifó ʻo ʻai hono inu iá ke fakafiefia ʻaupito. Tau sivisiviʻi angé ʻa e hisitōlia ʻo e inu manakoá ni.
Ko e Hā Hono Fuoloa ʻo ʻEne Tukuʻau Maí?
Hangē ko ia naʻe hā ʻi he ngaahi lauʻi maka tohi matatōtao naʻe maʻu ʻi he feituʻu ʻo e kau Sumēlia ʻo e kuonga muʻá ʻi Mesopotēmiá, naʻe ala maʻu ʻa e piá ai ʻi he kamata mai pē ʻo e mileniume hono tolu K.M. ʻI he lolotonga ʻo e vahaʻa taimi tatau, naʻe hā foki ʻa e inu ko ʻení ʻi he ngaahi tēpile ʻa e kau Pāpiloné mo e kau ʻIsipité. ʻI Pāpilone, ʻa ia naʻe ʻiloa ai ʻa e ngaahi faʻahinga pia kehekehe ʻe 19, ko hono haká naʻe aʻu ʻo puleʻi ia ʻe he ngaahi lao naʻe fakakau ʻi he Lao ʻa Hamulapí. Ko e fakatātaá, naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻi he ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ko ʻení ʻa e mahuʻinga ʻo e piá, pea ko hano maumauʻi kinautolu naʻe ala tautea mate ia. ʻI ʻIsipite ʻo e kuonga muʻá, naʻe mafolalahia ai hono haka ʻo e piá, pea naʻe hoko ʻa e piá ko ha inu manakoa. Naʻe hā ʻi he ngaahi keli fakaʻāsioloki aí ʻa e founga ngaohi motuʻa taha kuo tohi ki hono haka ʻo e piá.
Ko e tekinolosia ʻo hono haká naʻe faai mai pē ʻo mafola mai ki ʻIulope. Naʻe lave ʻa e kau faihisitōlia Loma ʻe niʻihi ʻi he kamataʻanga ʻo Hotau Kuongá ki he kau Sēleti, kau Siamane, mo e ngaahi matakali kehe naʻa nau saiʻia ʻi he piá. Naʻe tui ʻa e kau Vaikingí ʻo pehē naʻa mo Valahala—fakatatau ki he talatupuʻa Nōtikí, ko e holo ko ia naʻe ʻalu ki ai ʻa e kau tangata toʻa ʻi he taú ʻi he hili ʻa e maté—ʻe fonu mahuohua ai ʻa e ipu ʻa e kau tangatá ʻi he piá.
ʻI he lolotonga ʻa e Kuonga Lotolotó ʻi ʻIulope, naʻe faʻa fai ai ʻa e haka ʻo e piá ʻi he ngaahi monasitelioó. Naʻe ʻai ʻe he kau mōnike ʻIulopé ʻa e tekinolosia ʻo e foʻi ngāué ʻo fakalakalaka ange, ʻi hono ngāueʻaki ʻa e hopí ko ha meʻa-fakatolonga. Naʻe hanga ʻe hono fakakautahaʻi ʻi he senituli hono 19 ʻo fakahoko mai ʻa e ngāueʻaki ʻo e mīsini ki hono haká pea hoko ai ia ko ha maka-maile ʻi he hisitōlia ʻo e inu manakoá ni. ʻI he hili iá, naʻe hoko ha ngaahi ʻilo fakasaienisi mahuʻinga ʻaupito.
Ko e kēmisi mo e maikolopaiolosia Falanisē ko Louis Pasteur naʻá ne ʻiloʻi ko e ʻīsité ʻa ia naʻá ne fakatupunga ʻa hono fakatoka ʻo e piá ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e fanga kiʻi meʻamoʻui ai. Naʻe hanga ʻe he ʻilo ko iá ʻo fai hono puleʻi totonu ange ʻo hono liliu ʻa e suká ki he ʻolokaholó. Ko ha mataotao Tenimaʻake ʻi he moʻui ʻa e ʻakaú ko Emil Christian Hansen naʻe hoko ko e taha ʻo e kau ʻiloa lahi taha ʻi he hisitōlia ʻo e haka piá. ʻI he kotoa ʻo ʻene moʻuí naʻá ne fekumi ai mo fakafaʻahinga ʻa e ngaahi kalasi kehekehe ʻo e ʻīsité. Tuku kehe ʻa e ngaahi meʻa kehe, ko ʻene fekumí naʻe fekauʻaki ia mo hono fakatupulekina ha faʻahinga ʻīsite haohaoa maʻá e tangata haka-piá. ʻI he foungá ni, naʻe liliu lahi ʻaupito ai ʻe Hansen ʻa e ngāue haka piá.
Ka ʻoku mātuʻaki faingataʻa pehē ʻa e haka piá? ʻOku ongo ʻikai ala tui nai ki ai, ka ko hono moʻoní ʻoku pehē ia. Tau kiʻi lāulea nounou angé ki he fakapulipuli ʻoku tuʻu mei mui ʻi ha ipu pia ifo ʻaupito.
Ki Muʻa Ke Ne Aʻu ki Hoʻo Ipú
Naʻe liliu lahi ʻa e haka piá ia ʻi he faai mai ʻa e ngaahi senitulí pea naʻa mo e ʻahó ni ʻoku kehekehe ʻa e fale hakaʻanga pia ko eé ia mei he fale hakaʻanga pia ko eé. Ka, ʻi he tuʻunga fakalūkufuá, ʻoku meimei ko e pia kotoa pē ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa lalahi ko ení ʻe fā: paʻale, hopi, vai, mo e ʻīsite. Ko e foʻi ngāue fakakātoa ʻo hono haká ʻoku lava ke vahevahe ia ki he foʻi sitepu ʻe fā: Ngaohi molo, teuteu ʻo e huhuʻaʻi-moló, fakatoka, mo e fakamatuʻotuʻa.
Ngaohi moló. ʻI he lolotonga ʻo e tuʻunga ko ʻení, ʻoku fili ʻa e paʻalé, fua, pea fakamaʻa mei ai ha meʻa kehe pē. Hili iá, ʻoku fakavai—ko ha meʻa pau ia kapau ko e taumuʻá ke kamata tupu ʻa e paʻalé. Ko e tupu ko iá ʻoku fiemaʻu ki ai ʻa e ʻaho ia ʻe nima ki he fitu ʻi he fua māfana ko e tikilī Selosiasi ʻe 14 nai. Ko e meʻa ʻoku maʻu mei he foʻi ngāue ko iá ko e molo lanu-mata, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻave ia ki ha ngaahi ʻōvani makehe ki hono taʻo, ko ha founga fakamōmoa. ʻOku holo hifo leva ʻa e hauhau ʻi he molo lanu-matá ki he vahaʻa ʻo e peseti ʻe 2 mo e 5 ke taʻofi ʻa ʻene tupú. ʻI he hili hono taʻó, ʻoku toʻo ʻa e fanga kiʻi tupú mei he moló, pea ʻoku momosi leva ʻa e moló. ʻOku mateuteu leva ai ki he sitepu hono hokó.
Teuteu ʻo e huhuʻaʻi-moló. ʻOku fio ʻa e molo kuo momosí mo e vai ke maʻu ai ʻa e oʻi, ʻa ia ʻe tutu māmālie leva ia. ʻI he fua māfana pau ʻe kamata leva ke liliu ʻe he ngaahi ʻenisaimé ʻa e ngaahi sitāsí ʻo hoko ko e suka. Ko hono fuoloa ʻo e foʻi sitepu ko ʻení ʻoku laka hake ʻi he houa ʻe fā pea ʻokú ne fakatupu mai ʻa e huhuʻaʻi-molo, ʻa ia ʻoku toki sivi leva ia ke toʻo atu ʻa e fanga kiʻi meʻa ʻoku ʻikai kaunga ki aí. ʻOku hoko mai leva ʻa e foʻi ngāue ko hono haka, ʻa ia ʻokú ne taʻofi ʻa e ngāue ʻa e ʻenisaimé. ʻI he lolotonga hono haká, ʻoku tānaki mai ʻa e hopí ki he huhuʻaʻi-moló ke maʻu ai ʻa e ifo tamala ʻo e piá. ʻI he hili ʻa e houa nai ʻe ua ʻo hono haká, ʻoku fakamokomoko leva ʻa e huhuʻaʻi-moló ki ha fua māfana ʻoku fiemaʻu ki ai.
Fakatoka. Mahalo ko e tuʻunga mahuʻinga taha ʻeni ʻi he haka piá. Ko e suka ko ia ʻoku ʻi he huhuʻaʻi-moló, ʻi hono ngāueʻaki ki ai ʻa e ʻīsité, ʻoku liliu ia ki he ʻolokaholo mo e kāponi taiʻokisaiti. Ko e vahaʻa taimí, ko e lahi tahá ko e uike ʻe taha, pea ko e fua māfana ʻo e foʻi ngāue ko iá ʻoku fakatuʻunga ia ʻi he faʻahinga ʻo e pia—ko e ale pe lāka—ʻoku ngaohí. ʻOku ʻave leva ʻa e pia ko ia ʻoku ʻiloa ko e pia teʻeki matuʻotuʻá ki ha ngaahi tangikē ʻoku tauhi ai ke matuʻotuʻa.
Fakamatuʻotuʻa. ʻI he lolotonga ʻo e tuʻunga ko ʻení, ʻoku maʻu ai ʻe he piá hono ifo mo hono ngangatu anga-mahení; ʻoku toe fakatupu ai ʻe he kāponi taiʻokisaití ʻa e mofisifisi ʻa e piá. ʻOku matuʻotuʻa ʻa e piá ʻi he lolotonga ʻo ha vahaʻa taimi ʻoku lele mei he uike ʻe tolu ki ha ngaahi māhina siʻi, ʻo fakatuʻunga pē ʻi he faʻahinga ʻo e piá. Fakaʻosí, ko e pia haohaoá ʻoku ʻai ia ki he ngaahi puha fuopotopoto pe ngaahi hina pea ʻoku maau ia ke ʻoatu ki hono feituʻu fakaʻosí—mahalo pē ko hoʻo tēpilé! Ka ko fē ʻa e faʻahinga pia ʻokú ke loto ke ke ʻahiʻahiʻí?
Ko e Meʻainu ʻo e Ngaahi Faʻahinga Kehekehe Lahi
Ko hono moʻoní, ʻoku kehekehe lahi pē ʻa e ngaahi faʻahinga piá. ʻE lava ke ke inu ʻa e pia ʻoku lanu maama pe fakapoʻupoʻuli, melie pe tamala, pea pehē ki he pia naʻe ngaohi mei he paʻalé pe mei he uité. Ko e ifo ʻo e piá ʻoku fakatuʻunga ia ʻi he ngaahi moʻoniʻi meʻa lahi, ʻo kau ai ʻa e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e vai ʻoku ngāueʻakí, ko e faʻahinga ngaohi ʻo e moló, ko e tekinolosia ʻoku ngāueʻakí, pea mo e ʻīsite ʻoku ngāueʻakí.
Ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi pia tuʻu-ki-muʻa tahá ko e pilsner (pe pils), ko ha lāka manakoa lahi ʻoku lanu vaivai. Ko e faʻahinga pia ko ʻení ʻoku ngaohi ia ʻi he laui teau ʻo e ngaahi fale hakaʻanga pia takatakai ʻi he kotoa ʻo e māmaní. Kae kehe, ko e pilsner moʻoniá ʻoku haka pē ia ʻi he kolo ko Plzeň, pe Pilsen, ʻoku tuʻu ʻi he Lepupilika Sekí. Ko e fakapulipuli ki hono ngaohí ʻoku ʻikai ngata pē ʻi he tekinolosiá ka ʻoku toe pehē foki ki he ngaahi meʻa ke ngaohiʻakí—vai maʻa ʻataʻatā, molo ʻoku ʻi he tuʻunga lelei māʻolunga, mo e faʻahinga totonu ʻo e ʻīsite ʻa e tangata haka-piá.—Sio ki he puha ki hení.
Ko e toe faʻahinga lelei ʻaupito ʻe taha ʻo e piá ko e pia weiss, ko ha pia uite ʻoku tautefito ʻene manakoá ʻi Siamane. Ko e ongo pia makehe Pilitāniá ia ko e porter mo e stout. Ko e porter ko ha pia mālohi mo fakatoka-vave ʻaupito ʻoku ngaohi mei he molo kuo tunu, ʻa ia ʻe hoko ai ʻa e meʻainu ko ʻení ʻo lanu fakapoʻuli mālohi. Naʻe ʻuluaki haka ʻa e porter ʻi Lonitoni ʻi he senituli 18. ʻI he kamatá, naʻe fakataumuʻa ia ke ngāueʻaki ko ha meʻainu “fakatupu ivi” ki he kau ngāue mālohí, hangē ko e kau fetuku utá. Ko e stout, ko ha pia lanu fakapoʻuli mo mālohi ʻaupito—naʻe ʻai ʻe he fāmili Guinness ʻo ʻiloa ia ʻi ʻAilani pea mo e māmaní—ko ha kiʻi liliu pē ʻo e porter tukufakaholó. ʻE lava ke ke maʻu ha taha pē ʻi he stout melie ʻa ʻIngilaní, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa ʻi ai ʻa e lekitousí (huʻakau suka), pe ko e stout huʻatamaki ʻa ʻAilaní, ʻa ia ʻoku tamala pea ʻokú ne maʻu ha ʻolokaholo lahi angé.
Ko e toe moʻoniʻi meʻa mahuʻinga ʻe taha ki he tokolahi ko ia ʻoku nau inu ʻa e piá ko e anga ko ia ʻo hono maʻú, tatau ai pē pe ʻoku haʻu mei ha foʻi hina pe ko ha kapa pe ʻoku haʻu mei ha puha pulu. ʻOku meimei ke saiʻia ange ʻa e kau ʻAmeliká ke momoko ʻaupito ʻenau piá. ʻOku saiʻia ʻa e niʻihi kehe ia ke mokomoko feʻunga pē pe kiʻi momoko ange pea haʻu hangatonu pē mei he ngaahi puha pulu ko ia ʻoku tauhi ʻi he sela ʻa e papú.
Ko e moʻoni, ʻoku lahi ʻa e ngaahi faʻahinga kehekehe ʻo e piá. ʻI hono inu fakafuofua iá, te ke maʻu nai ai ha ngaahi ʻaonga ki hoʻo moʻui leleí. Ko hono moʻoní, ʻokú ne maʻu ʻa e ngaahi vaitamini mahuʻinga mo e ngaahi minulolo kehekehe, hangē ko e laipofeleivini, ʻēsiti fōliki, kolomiamu, mo e singiki. Fakatatau ki he ngaahi maʻuʻanga fakamatala ʻe niʻihi, ko hono inu fakafuofua ʻa e piá ʻoku malava ke tokoni ia ki hono taʻofi ʻa e mahaki mafú mo e mahaki kilí. Kapau te ke fai ha fili lelei mei he ngaahi ngaohiʻanga mo e ngaahi faʻahinga ʻoku ala maʻú, pea kapau te ke ngāueʻaki fakafuofua ia, te ke fiefia nai ʻi he inu ifo mo fakaivifoʻou ko ʻení. Ko ia, ko e taimi hono hoko te ke tangutu ai ʻi muʻa ʻi ha ipu ʻo e inu lanu-koula koa hinehina matolu ʻi ʻolungá, manatuʻi ʻa hono hisitōlia fisifisimuʻá!
[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 15]
Ko e Kau Faiva Takimuʻá
ʻI he ngaahi taimi ʻi he kuohilí, naʻe kau ai ha kau mataotao fakaengāue tokolahi ʻi hono ngaohi ʻo e piá. Ko e niʻihi ʻeni ʻo kinautolu.
◼ Tokotaha-ngaohi-molo—ko e ʻuluaki tokotaha faiva ia ʻi he tulama ko e haka piá. Naʻe vaheʻi kiate ia ke ne ngaohi ʻa e moló mei he paʻalé pe ko e uité. Naʻá ne siofi ʻa e kamata tupu ʻa e fanga kiʻi tengá pea mo hono haka ʻo e molo lanu-matá. Naʻe ʻi hono ongo umá ha fatongia mamafa, koeʻuhi ko e ifo ʻo e pia ʻoku ngaohí ʻoku fakatuʻunga lahi ia ʻi he tuʻunga lelei ʻo e moló.
◼ Tangata haka-pia (ʻoku hā ʻi ʻolungá)—ko e tangata pule ia ʻi hono haká. ʻUluakí, ʻokú ne fio ʻa e molo kuo momosí mo e vaí, pea hili iá, ʻi he lolotonga hono haká, ʻokú ne tānaki atu ʻa e hopí. Ko e meʻa fakaʻosi ʻoku maʻu ʻi heʻene ngāué ko e huhuʻaʻi-molo.
◼ Pule tauhiʻanga-pia—ko ha tokotaha mataotao taukei ʻokú ne siofi ʻa e fakatoka ʻo e piá ʻi he ngaahi topú pea mo hono tuku ke matuʻotuʻa ʻi he tauhiʻanga-piá. ʻI he hili iá, ʻokú ne ʻoatu ʻa e pia haohaoá ki ha ngaahi ʻaiʻanga pia iiki ange.
[Maʻuʻanga]
S laskavým svolením Pivovarského muzea v Plzni
[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 16]
Pilsner—Ko e ʻOlisinolo Faʻifaʻitakiʻi Lahi Tahá
Naʻe kamata kotoa ia ʻi he 1295. Ko e tuʻi ʻo Pohēmia, ko Wenceslas II, naʻá ne fokotuʻu ʻa e kolo ko Plzeň, pea hili ha taimi siʻi mei ai, naʻá ne ʻoange ki he toko 260 ʻo e kakai tuʻufonua ʻo Plzeň ʻa e totonu ke haka piá. ʻI he kamatá naʻe haka ʻe he kakaí ni ʻa e piá ʻi honau ngaahi falé pea ʻi he tuʻunga siʻisiʻi pē, ka ki mui ai naʻa nau fokotuʻu ha ngaahi kautaha fakapisinisi pea langa mo ha ngaahi fale hakaʻanga pia. Kae kehe, ʻi he faai mai ʻa e taimí, naʻe hōloa ai ʻa e ʻekonōmika mo e sivilaise ʻi Pohēmia, pea naʻe uesia ai ʻa e haka piá. ʻI hono siʻaki ʻa e tekinolosia naʻe ʻosi fokotuʻú pea ngāueʻaki ʻenau ngaahi founga pē ʻa kinautolú, naʻe faʻa faʻu ai ʻe he kau tangata haka-piá ha meʻainu taʻeoli naʻe ʻikai feʻunga ia ke ui ko e pia.
ʻI he taimi ko iá, ko e faʻahinga pia ʻe ua naʻe faʻu ʻi ʻIulopé. Ko e pia fakatoka-vave naʻe haka tautefito ʻi Pohēmia, lolotonga ia naʻe manakoa tautefito ʻi Pavalia ha pia fakatoka-māmālie, ʻa ia naʻe tuʻunga lelei ange ia. Naʻe ʻi ai ha fuʻu faikehekehe lahi ʻaupito ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi pia ʻa Pavalia pea mo e ngaahi pia Plzeň.
Naʻe hoko ha liliu mahuʻinga ʻi he 1839. Naʻe fili ʻa e toko 200 nai ʻo e kakai ʻo Plzeň ke fai ha meʻa fekauʻaki mo e tuʻunga ko iá. Naʻa nau fokotuʻu ai ʻa e Fale Hakaʻanga Pia Burgess, ʻa ia ko e pia fakatoka-māmālié pē, pe founga ʻa Pavalia, ʻe haka aí. Naʻe koleʻi mai leva ʻa e tangata haka-pia ʻiloa ko Josef Groll mei Pavalia. Naʻá ne kamata leva ke ne faʻu ʻa e faʻahinga pia ʻa Pavalia. Naʻe kehe ʻaupito ʻa e olá—ka naʻe toe lelei ange ia ʻi he meʻa naʻá ne taumuʻa ki aí. Ko e taukei ʻa Groll fakataha mo e ngaahi naunau lelei fakalotofonua ke faʻuʻaki ʻa e piá naʻe tokoni ia ki hono ngaohi ha pia naʻá ne fakamoʻutāfuʻuaʻi ʻa e māmaní. Ko e hā hono ʻuhingá? Koeʻuhi ko hono ifó, lanú mo hono ngangatu makehé. Kae kehe, ko e ongoongoa ʻo e pia ʻa Plzeň naʻe toe ʻi ai hono ngaahi mele. Ko e kau tangata haka-pia tokolahi, ʻi heʻenau loto ke maʻu ʻaonga mei he foʻi fakalakalaka ko ʻení, naʻa nau kamata ke ui ʻenau ngaahi piá ko e pilsner. Naʻe hoko ai ʻa e pilsner ʻo ʻikai ngata pe ʻi heʻene ʻiloá kae toe hoko ko e inu lanu-koula faʻifaʻitakiʻi lahi tahá ia.
[Fakatātā]
Josef Groll
Taua vai ʻa ha fale hakaʻanga pia ʻo Plzeň
[Maʻuʻanga]
S laskavým svolením Pivovarského muzea v Plzni
[Mape ʻi he peesi 14]
[Ki he konga tohi kuo fokotuʻu kakato, sio ki he tohi)
Plzeň
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 14, 15]
Sīpinga faka-ʻIsipite ʻi hono fakatātaaʻi ʻa e teuteu ʻo e maá mo e piá
[Maʻuʻanga]
Su concessione del Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali - Museo Egizio - Torino
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 17]
Hopi, molo, mo ha fale haka pia