Hepataitisi B​—Ko ha Tokotaha Tāmate Fakalongolongo

“Naʻá ku taʻu 27, toki ʻosi mali, peá u hā ngali moʻui lelei mo ongoʻi pehē. Naʻá ku maʻu ha ngāue naʻe tenge lahi ai au lolotonga ia ʻeku tokangaʻi ʻa hoku ngaahi fatongia lahi ʻi he fakatahaʻanga fakalotofonua ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová. Naʻe ʻikai te u ʻiloʻi naʻe kamata ke fakaʻauha ʻe he hepataitisi B ʻa hoku ʻaté.”—Dukk Yun.

KO E ʻaté ʻokú ne sivi ʻa e ngaahi kona mei he totó pea fakahoko mo e ngaahi ngāue mahuʻinga kehe ʻikai siʻi hifo he 500. Ko e ʻuhinga ia ʻoku lava ai ke maumauʻi ʻe he hepataitisí—pupula ʻa e ʻaté—ʻa e moʻui lelei ʻa ha taha. ʻOku tupu nai ʻa e hepataitisí mei hono maʻu tōtuʻa ʻa e kava mālohí pe ko hono uesia ʻe ha ngaahi meʻa kona. Neongo ia, ʻoku faʻa hoko iá ko e tupu mei ha ngaahi vailasi. Kuo fakapapauʻi ʻe he kau saienisí ʻa e nima ʻi he ngaahi vailasi ko iá pea ʻoku nau tui ʻoku toe ʻi ai mo e vailasi ʻikai siʻi hifo he tolú.—Sio ki he puha ʻi laló.

Ko e taha pē ʻi he nima ko iá—ʻa e vailasi hepataitisi B (HBV)—ʻokú ne tāmateʻi ʻikai siʻi hifo he kakai ʻe toko 600,000 he taʻu, ʻo meimei tatau ia mo e tokolahi ʻoku mate ʻi he malēliá. Laka hake he kakai ʻe toko ua piliona—ko e meimei vahe tolu ia ʻe taha ʻo e kakai he māmaní—kuo nau maʻu ʻa e HBV, pea ko e tokolahi tahá ʻoku nau fakaakeake mei ai ʻi loto ʻi ha ngaahi māhina. Kae kehe, ʻoku hoko ʻa e mahakí ko ha mahaki tauhi ki he toko 350 miliona nai. ʻI he toenga ʻo ʻenau moʻuí, pe ʻoku nau maʻu nai ha ngaahi fakaʻilonga pe ʻikai, ʻe malava ke nau fakapipihi ia ki he niʻihi kehé.a

Ko e tokangaʻi fakafaitoʻo leleí, ʻi hono kamata tōmuʻá, ʻoku lava ke ne tokoniʻi ʻa e niʻihi ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e mahaki tauhi HBV ke nau maluʻi kinautolu mei he maumau lahi ʻa honau ʻaté. Ka ko e tokolahi tahá ʻoku ʻikai te nau ʻiloʻi kuo nau ʻosi pihia ai, he ko ha sivi toto makehe pē ʻe toki lava ke ʻiloʻi ai ʻa e HBV. Naʻa mo e ngaahi sivi anga-maheni ʻo e ngāue ʻa e ʻaté ʻoku maʻu nai ia ai ʻoku sai pē. Ko ia ai, ʻoku lava ke hoko ʻa e HBV ko ha tokotaha tāmate fakalongolongo, ʻi heʻene tāmate taʻeʻiai ha fakatokangá. Ko e ngaahi fakaʻilonga hā mahinó ʻe toki ʻasi nai ia ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu lahi hili hono maʻu iá. ʻI he taimi ko ení, kuo hoko nai ʻa e maumau pe kanisā ʻo e ʻaté. Ko e ongo mahaki ko ení ʻokú ne toʻo ʻa e moʻui ʻa e toko 1 ʻi he toko 4 ʻo e faʻahinga ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e HBV.

“Naʻe Anga-Fēfē ʻEku Maʻu ʻa e HBV?”

“Ko e ʻuluaki ʻasi ʻa e fakaʻilonga ʻo ʻeku puké naʻe hoko ia ʻi hoku taʻu 30,” ko e lau ia ʻa Dukk Yun. “Naʻá ku fakalele, ko ia naʻá ku ʻalu ai ki ha toketā ʻi he faitoʻo ʻa e Uēsité, ka naʻá ne faitoʻo pē ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga naʻe ʻasí. Naʻá ku toe sio ki ha toketā ʻĒsia he faitoʻo tukufakaholó, ʻa ia naʻá ne ʻomai kiate au ʻa e faitoʻo ki hoku ngākaú mo hoku keté. Naʻe ʻikai ha taha ʻi he ongo toketaá te ne fai ha sivi hepataitisi. Koeʻuhi naʻe hokohoko atu pē ʻa e fakalelé, naʻá ku toe foki ki he toketā Uēsité.b Naʻá ne kiʻi tātaaʻi ʻa e tafaʻaki toʻomataʻu ʻo hoku keté, ʻa ia naʻe fakatupunga ai ke u mamahiʻia. Naʻe fakapapauʻi ʻi ha sivi toto ʻa ʻene huʻuhuʻu—naʻá ku maʻu ʻa e vailasi hepataitisi B. Naʻá ku ʻohovale lahi! Kuo ʻikai ʻaupito ke u huhu toto, pea kuo ʻikai ke u tōʻongaʻaki ʻa e fakaʻaluʻalú.”

Hili hono ʻiloʻi ʻe Dukk Yun kuó ne maʻu ʻa e HBV, naʻe sivi e toto ʻa hono malí, ongo mātuʻá, mo e fānaú, pea naʻa nau maʻu kotoa ʻa e siemu maluʻi ki he HBV. Kae kehe, ʻi honau tuʻungá, naʻe toʻo ʻe honau sisitemi maluʻí ʻa e vailasí mei honau sinó. Naʻe maʻu ʻe Dukk Yun ʻa e HBV mei ha taha ʻo kinautolu? Naʻe uesia kotoa kinautolu ʻi ha tupuʻanga tatau? ʻOku ʻikai ha taha ʻe lava ke ne fakapapauʻi. Ko e moʻoni, ko e peseti nai ʻe 35 ʻo e ngaahi keisí, ʻoku kei misiteli ʻa hono tupuʻangá. Kae kehe, ko e meʻa ʻoku ʻiloʻí, ko e hepataitisi B ʻoku ʻikai tukufakaholo pea ʻoku meimei ʻikai ʻaupito ko e maʻu iá fakafou he fetuʻutaki anga-mahení pe ko e kai fakatahá. ʻI hono kehé, ko e HBV ʻoku mafola ia ʻi he hū ki he halanga-toto ʻo ha toe tokotaha ʻa e toto pe ko e huhuʻa kehe ʻo e sinó, hangē ko e huhuʻa fakafanau ʻo e kakai tangatá, huhuʻa ʻoku haʻu ki tuʻa mei he ʻōkani fakafanau ʻo e kakai fefiné, pe fāvai mei ha taha ʻoku puke fakafou ʻi ha mafohi ʻi he kilí pe ʻi he loto ihú.

Ko hono huhu ʻo e toto kuo maʻu ʻe he mahakí ʻoku hokohoko atu ʻene ʻai ke pihia ai ʻa e tokolahi, tautefito ʻi he ngaahi fonua ʻoku siʻi pe halaʻatā ke sivi ai ʻa e HBV. Ko e HBV ʻoku liunga 100 ange ʻene pipihí ʻi he HIV, ʻa e vailasi ʻokú ne fakatupunga ʻa e ʻeitisí. Naʻa mo ha meʻi toto valevale ʻo ha taha kuo puke, hangē ko ia ʻe maʻu nai ʻi ha tele, ʻe lava ke ne fakapipihi ʻa e HBV, pea ko ha meʻi toto naʻe tau ʻi ha meʻa kuo mōmoa ʻe lava ke hoko ai pē ha pihia ʻi ha uike ʻe taha pe lahi ange.c

Fiemaʻu ke Mahinoʻi

“ʻI he taimi naʻe ʻiloʻi ai ʻe heʻeku kautahá naʻá ku maʻu ʻa e HBV, naʻa nau ʻave au ki ha kiʻi ʻōfisi ʻo mamaʻo mei he tokolahi taha ʻo hoku kaungāngāué,” ko e manatu ia ʻa Dukk Yun. Ko e tōʻongafai peheé ʻoku ʻikai foʻou ia pea ko e tupu nai ia mei he ʻikai ke mahinoʻi ʻa e anga ʻo e mafola ʻa e vailasí. ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe tahá naʻa mo e kakai ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e ʻilo lahi angé ʻoku nau fetoʻoaki nai ʻa e hepataitisi B mo e hepataitisi A, ʻa ia ʻoku pipihi lahi ange kae siʻi ange ʻene fakatupu maté. ʻIkai ko ia pē, koeʻuhi ko e HBV ʻoku lava ke fetuku holo ʻi he fehokotaki fakasinó, naʻa mo e faʻahinga faitotonu ʻi he tuʻunga fakaeʻulungaanga ʻoku nau puké ʻoku faʻa fai ʻa e huʻuhuʻu kia kinautolu.

Ko e ngaahi taʻefemahinoʻakí mo e huʻuhuʻú ʻoku lava ke tupu mei ai ʻa e ngaahi palopalema mafatukituki. Ko e fakatātaá, ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu lahi ʻoku fakamavaheʻi ai ʻo ʻikai fiemaʻu ʻa e faʻahinga ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e HBV, ʻa e iiki mo e lalahi. ʻOku ʻikai fakaʻatā ʻe he ngaahi kaungāʻapí ʻenau fānaú ke vaʻinga mo kinautolu, ʻikai tali kinautolu ʻi he ngaahi ʻapiakó, pea fakaʻehiʻehi ʻa e kau pule ngāué mei hono fakangāueʻi kinautolú. ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe tahá, ko e manavahē ʻi he tomuʻa fehiʻa kia kinautolú, kuo taʻofi ai ʻa e kakaí mei he sivi pe ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e HBV pe fakahaaʻi ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e mahakí. ʻOku aʻu ʻo tuku ʻe he niʻihi ʻa ʻenau moʻui lelei ʻi he kahaʻú ki ha tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki pea pehē ki he ngaahi mēmipa ʻo e fāmilí kae ʻikai fakahaaʻi ʻa e moʻoní. Ko ia ai, ko e vilo fakatupu mate ʻa e mahakí ʻe lava ke hokohoko atu ia ʻi ha ngaahi toʻutangata.

Fiemaʻu ke Mālōlō

“Neongo naʻe tala mai ʻe heʻeku toketaá ke u mālōlō fakaʻaufuli, hili ʻa e māhina ʻe ua naʻá ku toe foki ki he ngāué,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa Dukk Yun. Ko e ngaahi sivi totó mo e fakaʻata CT naʻe ʻikai fakahaaʻi ai ha fakaʻilonga ʻo e maumau ʻa e ʻaté, ko ia naʻá ku fakakaukau naʻá ku sai pē.” ʻI he taʻu ʻe tolu ki mui aí, naʻe hiki ai ʻe heʻene kautahá ʻa Dukk Yun ki ha kolo lahi, ʻa ia naʻe hoko ʻo toe fakamafasia ange ai ki heʻene moʻuí. ʻI he ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi moʻua ke totongi mo ha fāmili ke tokangaʻí, naʻá ne hokohoko atu pē ʻa e ngāué.

ʻI ha ngaahi māhina, naʻe māʻolunga ʻaupito ai ʻa e lahi ʻo e vailasi ʻi he toto ʻo Dukk Yun pea naʻá ne kamata ke ongoʻi helaʻia. “Naʻe pau ke liʻaki ʻa ʻeku ngāué,” ko ʻene laú ia, “pea ʻoku ou fakaʻiseʻisa he taimí ni ʻi heʻeku ngāue ʻo fuʻu lahí. Kapau naʻe vave ange ʻa e fakaholoholo hifo ʻeku ngāué, naʻe ʻikai te u mei hoko ai ʻo puke lahi, ʻo toe maumau lahi ange ai ʻa hoku ʻaté.” Kae kehe, naʻe ako ʻe Dukk Yun ha lēsoni mātuʻaki mahuʻinga. Mei he taimi ko iá ʻo faai mai ai, naʻá ne holoki ʻa ʻene ngāué mo ʻene ngaahi fakamolé. ʻIkai ngata aí, naʻe ngāue fāitaha ʻa hono fāmilí kotoa, pea aʻu ʻo fai ʻe hono malí ha kiʻi ngāue ke tokoni ki hono totongi ʻo e ngaahi moʻuá.

Moʻui mo e Hepataitisi B

Naʻe tuʻumaʻu ʻa e tuʻunga moʻui lelei ʻo Dukk Yun, ka naʻe fakautuutu hono talitekeʻi ʻe hono ʻaté ʻa e toto ʻoku tafe ʻo fou aí, ʻo fakalalahi ai ʻa e māʻolunga hono totó. Hili ʻa e taʻu ʻe 11, naʻe pā ha foʻi kālava ʻi hono mongá pea haʻu ki tuʻa ʻa e totó ʻi hono kiá, ʻo ne ʻalu ai ʻo nofo falemahaki ʻi ha uike. ʻI he taʻu ʻe fā ki mui aí, naʻá ne hokosia ha puputuʻu fakaʻatamai. Naʻe fakautuutu ʻa e ʻamōnia ʻi hono ʻutó koeʻuhi naʻe ʻikai kei lava ʻe hono ʻaté ke sivi kotoa ia. Kae kehe, naʻe fakatonutonu ʻa e palopalemá ʻi ha faitoʻo naʻe fai ʻi ha ngaahi ʻaho siʻi.

Ko Dukk Yun ʻokú ne taʻu 54 he taimí ni. Kapau ʻoku kovi ange ʻa hono tuʻungá, ʻoku ʻikai lahi e meʻa ke ne fili mei aí. Ko e ngaahi faitoʻo ke fakafepakiʻi ʻa e vailasí ʻoku ʻikai lava ke ne fakamaʻa kotoa ʻa e vailasí pea ʻoku ʻi ai nai hono ngaahi tafaʻaki kovi mafatukituki. Ko e fili fakaʻosí ko ha tafa ʻo fetongi ʻa hono ʻaté, ka ʻoku lōloa ange ʻa e lisi tatalí ʻi he lisi ʻo e faʻahinga ʻoku nau foaki ʻa honau ʻaté. “Ko aú ʻe lava ke u mate ʻi ha taimi pē,” ko e lau ia ʻa Dukk Yun. “Ka ʻoku ʻikai lelei ke fai ha hohaʻa fekauʻaki mo ia. ʻOku ou kei maʻu pē ʻa e moʻuí, ko ha feituʻu ke mohe ai, mo ha fāmili lelei. Ko hono moʻoní, ʻi he ngaahi founga ʻe niʻihi, kuo iku ʻa hoku tuʻungá ko ha tāpuaki. ʻOku ou maʻu ʻa e taimi lahi ange ke fakamoleki fakataha mo hoku fāmilí pea mo e taimi lahi ange ke ako ai ʻa e Tohi Tapú. ʻOku fakanonga ʻe he meʻá ni ʻa ʻeku ilifia ki he mate mutukiá pea tokoniʻi ai au ke u fakatuʻotuʻa atu ki he moʻui ʻo ʻikai ke toe puké.”d

Mālō mo e vakai papau ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻa Dukk Yun, ʻoku maʻu ai ʻe hono fāmilí ha moʻui fiefia, pea ko ia mo hono malí mo ʻena fānau ʻe toko tolú ʻoku nau kau kotoa ʻi he ngāue fakafaifekau taimi-kakato faka-Kalisitiané.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Fakamatala ʻi he peesi 13]

Ko e tokangaʻi fakafaitoʻo tōmuʻá ʻe lava ke tokoni ki hono taʻofi ha maumau lahi ange

[Fakamatala ʻi he peesi 14]

Ko e manavahē ʻi he tomuʻa fehiʻá ʻoku taʻofi ai ʻe he tokolahi hono sivi kinautolú pe fakahaaʻi ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e HBV

[Puha ʻi he peesi 12, 13]

KO E HĀ ʻA E KALASI ʻO E HEPATAITISÍ?

Ko e vailasi ʻe nima ʻoku ʻiloa ʻoku nau fakatupunga ʻa e hepataitisí, ko e tolu ʻoku ʻilolahia tahá ʻoku ui ia ko e A, B, mo e C. ʻOku toe mahaloʻi ʻoku ʻi ai e ngaahi vailasi kehe. Ko e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e faʻahinga kotoa ʻo e hepataitisí ʻoku lava ke ne fakatupunga ha ongoʻi hangē ʻoku puke ʻi he fuluú pea ʻoku kau pe ʻikai kau nai ai ʻa e engeenga. Ko e kakai tokolahi, tautefito ki he fānaú, ʻoku ʻikai ha ngaahi fakaʻilonga ia ʻia kinautolu. ʻI he hepataitisi B mo e hepataitisi C, ko e ʻaté kuo ʻosi maumau lahi nai ia ʻi he taimi ʻoku ʻasi ai ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilongá.

VAILASI HEPATAITISI A (HAV)

Ko e HAV ʻoku hā ia ʻi he tuʻu-mamaʻo ʻa ha taha ʻoku puke. Ko e vailasí ʻoku lava ke moʻui ia ʻi he māsimá pe ko e vai pea ʻi he ngaahi konga ʻaisí. ʻE lava ke maʻu ha taha ʻe he HAV ʻi he

● ʻOta ha meʻa tahi mei ha vai kuo ʻuliʻi ʻi he tuʻu-mamaʻo ʻa e tangatá peʻi hono inu ha vai ʻuli

● Fetuʻutaki vāofi mo ha tokotaha ʻoku puke pe kai ʻi ha peleti tatau, inu he ipu tatau, pe meʻa ngaohi kai tatau mo ia

● ʻIkai fanofano fakaʻāuliliki hili hono ngāueʻaki ʻa e fale-mālōloó pe fetongi ʻo ha kiʻi pēpē ʻoku puke pe ki muʻa ke teuteu ʻa e meʻatokoní

Ko e HAV ʻokú ne fakatupunga ʻa e puke lahi kae ʻikai ko ha mahaki tauhi. ʻI he meimei puke kotoa pē, ʻoku fakaʻatā ʻe he sinó meiate ia ʻa e vailasí ʻi loto ʻi ha ngaahi uike pe ngaahi māhina. ʻOku ʻikai ha tuʻunga fakafaitoʻo pau ka ko e mālōlō mo e maʻu ha meʻakai feʻunga. Ko e kava mālohí, pea pehē ki he ngaahi faitoʻo ʻokú ne fakamafasiaʻi ʻa e ʻaté, hangē ko e acetaminophen, ʻoku totonu ke fakaʻehiʻehi mei ai kae ʻoua kuo fakapapauʻi ʻe ha toketā kuo moʻui fakaʻaufuli ʻa e ʻaté. Ko ha tokotaha kuó ne maʻu ʻa e HAV ʻoku ngalingali heʻikai te ne toe maʻu ia ka ʻe lava ke ne maʻu ʻa e kalasi kehe ʻo e hepataitisí. ʻOku lava ke taʻofi ʻe he huhú ʻa hono maʻu ʻo e hepataitisi A.

VAILASI HEPATAITISI B (HBV)

Ko e HBV ʻoku ʻi he totó, huhuʻa fakafanau ʻo e kakai tangatá mo e huhuʻa ʻoku haʻu ki tuʻa ʻi he ʻōkani fakafanau ʻo e kakai fefine ʻoku puké. ʻOku mafola ʻa e vailasí ʻi he taimi ʻoku hū ai ʻa e ngaahi huhuʻá ni ki he sino ʻo ha taha ʻa ia ʻoku ʻikai hano maluʻí. ʻOku lava ke fetuku holo ʻa e vailasí ʻi he

● Fāʻelé (mei ha faʻē ʻoku puke ki heʻene pēpeé)

● Meʻangāue fakafaitoʻo, ngaohi nifo, tā-tatau, hoka ʻa e sinó ʻa ia kuo ʻikai ke haka fakalelei ke mate ʻa e siemú

● Kaungā ngāueʻaki ʻa e meʻa-huhú, tele, faile pe meʻa-tutuʻu ngeʻesi-nima, polosi fulu-nifo pe meʻa kehe pē ʻe lava ke fetuku ai ha meʻi toto valevale fakafou ʻi ha mafohi pē ʻi he kilí

● Fehokotaki fakasinó

ʻOku tui ʻa e kau maʻu mafai ki he moʻui leleí ko e HBV ʻoku ʻikai fakamafola ia ʻe he fanga kiʻi ʻinisēkité, pe ʻi he talé, fepikí, fāʻofuá, ʻuma ʻi he kouʻahé, fakahuhú, pe ko e kai he peleti tatau, inu he ipu tatau, pe ngāueʻaki ʻa e vaʻakau kai tatau, pe ko e ngaahi meʻa ngaohi kai kehe. Ko e tokolahi taha ʻo e kakai lalahi ʻoku nau fakaakeake mei he puke lahi ʻi he HBV heʻikai te nau toe puke ai ʻamui. Ko e fānau īkí ʻoku nau ʻi he tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo e tupu mei ai ha mahaki tauhi. Ko e tuku taʻefaitoʻó, ʻe lava ke iku ai ʻa e mahaki tauhi hepataitisi B ki he ʻikai toe ngāue ʻa e ʻaté pea mo e mate. ʻOku lava ke taʻofi ʻe he huhú ʻa hono maʻu ʻo e hepataitisi B.

VAILASI HEPATAITISI C (HCV)

Ko e HCV ʻoku fetuku holo ia ʻi he founga tatau tofu pē mo e HBV ka ko e lahi tahá ʻi hono huhu ʻo e ngaahi faitoʻó ʻaki ʻa e meʻa-huhu kuo ʻosi ngāueʻaki ʻe ha taha puke. ʻOku ʻikai ha huhu ki hono maʻu ʻo e hepataitisi C.e

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Puha ʻi he peesi 14]

TAʻOFI E VILO ʻA E HBV

Neongo ʻoku uesia ʻe he HBV ʻa e kakai ʻi māmani lahí, ko e peseti nai ʻe 78 ʻo e faʻahinga ʻoku nau mahaki tauhi ʻaki ʻa e hepataitisi B ʻoku nau nofo ʻi ʻĒsia mo e ʻotu motu he Pasifikí. ʻI he konga lahi ʻo e feituʻu ko iá, ko e toko taha ʻi he toko 10 ʻokú ne maʻu ʻa e mahakí. Ko e tokolahi ʻoku puke aí ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e vailasí ʻi honau fāʻeleʻí mei heʻenau faʻeé pe ʻi heʻenau tupu haké pē ʻi hono maʻu mei he toto ʻo e fānau kehe ʻoku nau puké. Ko ha huhu maluʻi ola lelei ki he fanga kiʻi pēpē toki ʻosi fāʻeleʻí mo e niʻihi kehe ʻoku nau ʻi ha tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmakí ʻoku tokoni ia ki hono taʻofi ʻa e vilo ko ení.f ʻI he feituʻu kuo fakahoko ai ʻa e huhu maluʻí, kuo hōloa ai e mafolalahia ʻa e mahakí.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 15]

Ko Dukk Yun mo hono uaifí mo ʻena fānau ʻe toko tolú

[Picture Credit Line ʻi he peesi 12]

© Sebastian Kaulitzki/Alamy