Ciindi Zyeelelo Zyakulilemeka Nozyakayaansi Kapati
INO ndilili zyeelelo zyakulilemeka nozyakatalika kuyaansi kapati? Sena muciindi ncomupona naa nciindi nobakali kupona babbululu banu naa balongwe banu bakaindi? Bamwi baamba kuti nciindi ca Nkondo Yakusaanguna Yanyika Yoonse, yalo iyakatalika mu 1914 akupa kuti kube kutalilemeka munzila ziindene-indene. Syaazibwene mumakani aakaindi Robert Wohl wakalemba boobu mubbuku lyakwe litegwa The Generation of 1914: “Aabo ibakapona lyankondo tabaleki kusyoma kuti nyika yakacinca kapati kuzwa mu August 1914 alimwi kunyina noyakali kuyooba mboyakabede.”
Syaazibwene umwi mumakani aazyakaindi uutegwa Norman Cantor, wakaamba kuti: “Munyika yoonse, zyeelelo zyabukkale zyalo izyakali kuyabuyaansi kale, zyakamana. Ikuti naa basitwaambo twacisi alimwi abalupati-pati bakali kweendelezya mamiliyoni aabantu mbobakali kulanganya mbuli kuti mbanyama ibatolwa kukujaigwa, nkokuti kunyina zyeelelo zyabukkale naa zyabukombi izikonzya kulesya bantu kweendelezyanya mbuli kuti mbanyama mubukkale bwabuzuba abuzuba. . . . Mbobakajaigwa calunya bantu lya Nkondo Yakusaanguna Yanyika Yoonse [1914-18] cakapa kuti bantu balekele limwi kubulemeka buumi.”
Mubbuku lyakwe litegwa The Outline of History, syaazibwene umwi mumakani aakaindi waku England uutegwa H. G. Wells wakaamba kuti ciindi noyakazuminwa njiisyo yakusanduka kwazintu, ndendilyo “zintu nozyakaindila buya kubija.” Nkaambo nzi? Nkaambo bamwi bakali kuyeeya kuti muntu, ncintu buyo cisumpukide cabuumi bwacinyama. Wells walo iwakali kusyoma njiisyo yakusanduka, wakalemba boobu mu 1920: “Bakaamba kuti muntu, munyama buyo uukkala mucilawo mbuli mubwa uutegwa Indian hunting dog . . . , aboobo bakacibona kuti cili buyo kabotu kuti babwa bapati alimwi balaanguzu ibali muciimo cabantu kabali bakali alimwi akupenzya bamwi.”
Kweelana ambwaakabona Cantor, masimpe, nkondo yanyika yoonse yakusaanguna yakazicincila limwi zyeelelo zyabantu kujatikizya cintu ciluzi acitaluzi. Wakapandulula kuti: “Izyalani lyakaindi lyakalibonya mbuli kuti tiilyakaluzi muzintu zyoonse, nkokuti mumakani aamapolitikisi, munsamino alimwi amumakani aajatikizya koonana.” Zikombelo izyakasofwaazya njiisyo zya Bunakristo kwiinda mukuzumizya njiisyo yakusanduka kwazintu alimwi akukulwaizya bantu kucita cintu citaluzi, nkokuti kulwana zisinyina, zyakapa kuti kube kuyaansi kapati muzyeelelo zyakulilemeka. Mupati-pati umwi wabasikalumamba uutegwa Frank Crozier wakalemba kuti: “Zikombelo zya Bunakristo nzezyakali kukulwaizya bantu kuunka kunkondo, aboobo basikalumamba bakakkomana kapati akaambo kakugwasyilizyigwa azikombelo.”
Milawo Iijatikizya Kulilemeka Yakasoogwa
Mumyaka yakatobela kuzwa ciindi noyakamana Nkondo Yakusaanguna Yanyika Yoonse, bantu bakatalika kubikkila kapati maano kukulikondelezya alimwi alusumpuko, bakazikaka zyeelelo zyakaindi izyakulilemeka akutalika kwaamba kuti bukkale buli boonse buli buyo kabotu. Syaazibwene umwi mumakani aakaindi Frederick Lewis Allen wakaamba kuti: “Myaka iili 10 iyakatobela kuzwa ciindi noyakamana Nkondo Yakusaanguna Yanyika Yoonse ilakonzya kwaambwa kuti yakali myaka yabukkale bubyaabi kapati. . . Zintu nozyakacinca, bantu banji bakaikaka milawo yakaindi iyakali kujatikizya ciluzi acitaluzi, aboobo cakatalika kukatazya kapati kuzyiba milawo yakeelede kutobelwa.”
Ciindi bweende bwamali nobwakayaansi kapati muma 1930, bantu banji bakajatikizyigwa kapati kwiinda mukupa kuti babe bacete citaambiki. Pele kumamanino aamyaka eeyi, kwakaba nkondo iimbi yalo iyakali mbyaabi kapati, Nkondo Yabili Yanyika Yoonse. Tiilyakalampa, zisi zyakatalika kupanga zilwanyo zyankondo iziyoosya kapati alimwi nokuba kuti zyakagwasya kucesya bucete, bantu bakapenga citaambiki. Kuzikusika ciindi noyakamana nkondo, madolopo manji akalinyonyookede citaambiki; madolopo obilo mu Japan akanyonyoonwa kwiinda mukubelesya buyo bbomba lyomwe. Mamiliyoni aabantu bakafwa muzilabba zyakupenzezya. Manyongwe aaya akapa kuti bantu babalilwa ku 50 miliyoni bafwe, bamaalumi, bamakaintu alimwi abana.
Ciindi cabukkale bukatazya bwa Nkondo Yabili Yanyika Yoonse, muciindi cakutobela zyeelelo zili kabotu izyakali kutobelwa kaindi, bantu bakatalika kucita zintu aumwi mbuli mbwaakali kuyanda. Bbuku litegwa Love, Sex and War—Changing Values, 1939-45, lyakaamba kuti: “Kulibonya kuti bantu bakaleka kulijata mumakani aakoonana ciindi cankondo. Aboobo, mbwaanga kunyina cakali kubalesya kucita zintu nzyobakali kucita, bantu bakatalika kucita kufwumbwa ncobakali kuyanda nomuba mumaanda aabo alimwi amumikwasyi yabo. . . . . Nkondo yakapa bantu kutalika kuyeeya kuti buumi mbwakaindi buyo kasyoonto alimwi bunyina mpindu, cakuti noyakamana nkondo bantu bakali kubona cikwati alimwi amukwasyi kuti tazili zintu zyeelede kuzumanana kubako.”
Akaambo kakuyoowa kujaigwa kufwumbwa ciindi, bantu bakaindila kuyanda kulimvwa kuyandwa, nokuba kwakaindi kaniini buyo. Mukaintu umwi uukwetwe waku Britain, ikusola kuubya-ubya bukkale bwakoonana ibwakadumide mumyaka eeyi, wakaamba kuti: “Takuli kuti tiitwakali kulilemeka buya mumakani aakoonana, pele nkuti buyo kwakali nkondo.” Sikalumamba umwi waku America wakaamba kuti: “Kweelana azyeelelo zyabantu banji, masimpe tiitwakali kulilemeka, pele kayi twakacili baniini alimwi twakalizyi kuti tulakonzya kufwa kufwumbwa ciindi.”
Bantu banji ibakafwutuka lyankondo eeyi bakapenga kapati akaambo kazintu iziyumya mate nzyobakali kubona. Kusikila sunu, bamwi kubikkilizya abaabo ibakacili bana aciindi eeco, bacipenga mumizeezo bayeeya zintu izyakali kucitika mane akulimvwa mbuli kuti zyatalika kucitika alimwi. Bantu banji bakaleka kuba alusyomo alimwi akuleka kutobela zyeelelo zyakulilemeka. Akaambo kakuleka kulemeka bweendelezi buli boonse ibwakali kukonzya kubikka zyeelelo zyacintu ciluzi acitaluzi, bantu bakatalika kubona kuti eeci cakali kuya buyo kweelana abukkale.
Zyeelelo Zipya Zyakulilemeka
Noyakamana Nkondo Yabili Yanyika Yoonse, kwakamwaigwa makani aakavwuntauzyigwa kujatikizya bukkale bwabantu mumakani aakoonana. Buvwuntauzi bumwi ku United States ibwakuma 1940 ibwakali kwiitwa kuti Kinsey Report bwakajisi mapeeji aayinda ku 800. Akaambo kaceeci, bantu banji bakatalika kwaabandika makani aajatikizya koonana caantangalala, alo kaindi aatakali kubandikwa mubuleya. Nokuba kuti myeelwe iyakali mulipooti eeyi kujatikizya baabo ibakali koonana abantu mbobakozyenye zizo alimwi akoonana kumbi kusesemya, kumbele yakazikuzyibwa kuti tiiyakali yamasimpe, buvwuntauzi oobu bwakatondezya kuti bantu bakalicincide kapati kujatikizya mbobakali kwaabona makani aakoonana noyakamana nkondo.
Kwaciindi cili mbocibede, bantu bakasolekesya kutondezya kuti bakajisi bukkale buli kabotu. Mucikozyanyo, bakali kukasya kumwaya zintu zyacisapi awailesi, mumafilimu alimwi aa TV. Pele eeci tiicakazumanana kwaciindi cilamfwu. William Bennett iwakali mulembi wazyalwiiyo ku U.S., wakapandulula kuti: “Kuzikusika kuma 1960, cisi ca America cakatalika kuyaansi kapati mumakani aakulilemeka.” Alimwi eeci cakalibonya amumasi aambi manji. Nkaambo nzi zyeelelo zyakulilemeka ncozyakayaansi kapati mumyaka yakuma 1960?
Mumyaka eeyi, ndendilyo nokwakaba lwaanguluko lwabamakaintu alimwi akucinca kujatikizya mbobakali kuyeeya bantu mumakani aakoonana. Alimwi nceciindi nokwakapangwa mapiilusi makali aalesya kumita (birth-control pills). Aboobo mbwaanga bantu bakali kukonzya koonana kakunyina kuyoowa kumisyanya, “bakatalika koonana coonane-onane” alimwi “kakunyina akuzyibana naa kukwatana.”
Aciindi ncicona eeci, milawo iyakali kukasya kulemba akutondezya zintu zyacisapi mumabbuku, mumafilimu alimwi amuma TV yakaleka kutobelwa. Aboobo umwi iwakali walupati-pati wambunga ya U.S. National Security Council, Zbigniew Brzezinski wakaamba boobu kujatikizya zintu zitondezyegwa a TV: “Bakulwaizya muuya wakuliyanda, nkondo, kujayana alimwi abwaamu mbuli kuti zintu zili kabotu.”
Kuzikusika muma 1970, bantu banji bakali kwaajisi kale mavidiyo kkaseeti (VCR). Aboobo lino bantu kabali mumaanda aabo, bakali kukonzya kweebelela zintu zyacisapi, izijatikizya makani aakoonana zyalo nzyobatakali kuyanda kuti bantu bamwi bababone kabeebelela mubuleya. Alimwi lino, akaambo ka Intaneti iyakatalika myaka misyoonto yainda, bantu ibajisi makkompyuta nyika yoonse balakonzya kweebelela zintu ziletela muzeezo wakoonana izibi kapati.
Zintu izicitika akaambo kaceeci, zilayoosya kapati. Sikugatela baange muntolongo imwi ku U.S. wakaamba kuti: “Myaka 10 yainda, bakubusi ibakali kwaangwa akuletwa kuntolongo, bakali kumvwisya nondakali kubandika ambabo kujatikizya cintu ciluzi acitaluzi. Pele bakubusi ibaangwa mazuba aano inga tabamvwisyi pe ncondipandulula.”
Ino Muntu Inga Wabujana Kuli Busolozi?
Tatukonzyi kulanga kuzikombelo zyanyika kuti zitupe busolozi bujatikizya kulilemeka. Muciindi cakutobela njiisyo nzyaakali kuyiisya Jesu antoomwe abasikwiiya bakwe, zikombelo zyaba cibeela canyika eeyi mbyaabi alimwi amicito yanjiyo. Mulembi umwi wakabuzya kuti: “Ino ninkondo nzi iyakalwanwa abantu kakunyina kwaamba kuti Leza wali kulubazu lwabo?” Myaka minji yainda, musololi wacikombelo umwi waku New York City wakaamba boobu kujatikizya kutobela zyeelelo zya Leza zyakulilemeka: “Munyika yoonse, izikombelo zyolikke nzezizumizya bantu bali boonse bateeleli kunjila mucikombelo akuba cibeela caco, bantu bakuti naba muntu weenzya bbaasi takonzyi kubazumizya kukkwela bbaasi nkaambo tabasiki azyeelelo.”
Cilisalede kuti, kuyaansi kwazyeelelo zyakulilemeka munyika eeyi kutondezya kuti kuyandika kucita cimwi cintu cakufwambaana. Pele ino ncinzi? Ino nkucinca nzi kuyandika? Ino nguni uukonzya kukucita, alimwi ino kuyoocitwa buti?
[Majwi aakwelelezya sikubala]
“Kujaigwa kwabantu banji lya Nkondo Yakusaanguna Yanyika Yoonse [1914-18] kwakapa bantu kubona buumi kuti ncintu citakwe mpindu”
[Cifwanikiso]
Zyakulikondelezya izitondezya cisapi tazicikatazyi kujana mazuba aano