Nea Ɛma Obi Tumi Nyin Kyɛ

SƐ́ OBI a n’adwenem da hɔ no, so wobɛpɛ sɛ wunyin kyɛ yiye? Nanso wohwɛ kwan sɛ wubetumi anyin anya mfe ahe? Onipa nkwa nna yɛ mfe ahe? So wubetumi ayɛ biribi na ama wo nkwa nna ayɛ tenten? Dɛn na ɛma obi tumi nyin kyɛ? Eyinom yɛ nsemmisa ahorow a eye na mmuae a wubenya no betumi aboa wo ma woanyin akyɛ asen sɛnea ɛte mprempren.

Ansa na yɛbɛhwehwɛ mmuae ahorow yi no, ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkyerɛkyerɛ nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ nsɛm abien a ɛho hia yi mu no mu “nkwa nna” ne “asetra mu mfe.” Nkwa nna kyerɛ mfe dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ onipa nya. Asetra mu mfe nso kyerɛ mfe dodow a wubetumi ahwɛ kwan sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ nnipa dodow bi a wɔwoo wɔn wɔ bere koro mu no nya, sɛ wɔkyekyem a. Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, wɔ onipa abakɔsɛm mu nyinaa no, n’asetra mu mfe nnu ne nkwa nna.

Asetra Mu Mfe Wɔ Mmere Horow Mu

“Wɔ onipa nkwa nna mu no, obetumi ahu nneɛma pii a ɔmpɛ ho amane. Meka sɛ onipa nkwa nna yɛ mfe aduɔson.” Solon a ɔyɛ Ateniani ɔmanyɛfo ne Helani mmaranimfo a ɔtraa ase bɛyɛ 600 A.Y.B. no na ɔkaa nsɛm yi. Sɛnea ɔkyerɛ no, na onipa nkwa nna yɛ mfe 70. Nanso sɛnea nsɛm a wɔakyerɛw agu adamoa ho kyerɛ no, bɛyɛ 400 A.Y.B. no, na mfe a wonya wɔ asetra mu no bɛyɛ 29.

Wɔ tete bere no mu no, na nsonsonoe kɛse nni mfe a wonya wɔ asetra mu wɔ Europa aman no mu ne nea wonya wɔ tete Hela no mu. Esiane sɛ na nkurɔfo pii wuwu wɔ wɔn mmofraase nti, na mfe a wonya wɔ asetra mu no nnu mfe a ɛsɛ sɛ wonya wɔ wɔn nkwa nna mu no, sɛ wɔkyekyem a. Adaka a ɛwɔ kratafa a edi hɔ no mu no ka mfe a sɛ wɔkyekyem a, wonya ansa na wɔawu wɔ Europa aman binom mu no ho asɛm na ɛma yetumi de asetra mu mfe a na wonya wɔ tete bere no mu no toto nea na wonya wɔ 1900 mu ne mprempren no ho.

Bere a wohwɛ mfe dodow a wɔakyerɛw wɔ adaka no mu no, wubehu sɛ mfe a wonya wɔ asetra mu no nyaa nkɔanim kɛse wɔ afeha a ɛto so 20 yi mu. Enti ebia wubebisa sɛ nkɔanim yi bɛkɔ so akodu bere bɛn? James F. Fries ne Lawrence M. Crapo kyerɛw asetra mu mfe a anya nkɔanim no ho asɛm wɔ wɔn nhoma a wɔfrɛ no Vitality and Aging 1891 no mu, kratafa 74-6 se:

“Sɛ wɔkyekyem a, mfe a wonya wɔ asetra mu wɔ United States no nyaa nkɔanim fi mfe bɛyɛ 47 wɔ afeha yi mfiase mu hɔ beduu bɛboro mfe 73 nnɛ, na ɛyɛ nkɔanim a ɛboro mfe 25. . . . Nanso sɛ wohwɛ kyerɛwtohɔ yi yiye a, ɛda adi sɛ asetra mu mfe a anya nkɔanim yi fi ɔpatuwu a agyae no na ɛnyɛ onipa nkwa nna a wɔama ayɛ tenten mmom. Sɛ wɔkan mfe a wonya wɔ asetra mu no fi mfe pɔtee bi so a, dodow a mfe no dɔɔso no, dodow no ara na nea ɛbɛkaa ho no yɛ kakraa bi. Sɛ wɔkan fi mfe 40 a, mfe kakraa bi na ɛbɛkaa asetra mu mfe no ho. Sɛ wɔkan fi mfe 75 a, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobehu sɛ ebi abɛka ho. Efi mfe 85 rekɔ no, wontumi nhu sɛ ebi abɛka ho. . . . Nea yebetumi aka ara ne sɛ onipa nkwa nna yɛ mfe 85.”

Na onipa nkwa nna a wɔnam aduan, aduannuru, nnuru, ne nea ɛkeka ho so bɛma ayɛ tenten no nso ɛ? Fries ne Crapo kyerɛkyerɛ mu wɔ wɔn nhoma no kratafa 18 sɛ:

“Wɔ mfe ɔhaha pii mu no, nnuruyɛfo abɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nnuru ahorow a ɛma obi tumi nyin kyɛ nanso ɛnyɛ nea atumi ayɛ yiye. Woakyerɛ sɛ nneɛma ɔhaha pii a nnuru, aduannuru, mmoa mu nkwa mmoawa ahorow, nufusu a wɔabuw tumi ma obi nyin kyɛ nanso ɛnyɛ nea wɔwɔ ho adanse a edi mũ. Wɔ yɛn ankasa man mu no, ɛnyɛ nea wɔkyerɛ yɛn ankasa nnuru a yɛyɛ no ho anigye ahe biara, nanso yɛda so ara wɔ yɛn aduannuru ahorow. Nnansa, yi Aslan a ɔwɔ Rumania aka aduru a wɔfrɛ no gerovital ho asɛm kɛse sɛ etumi siw nkwakorabɔ ne mmerewabɔ ano. Wɔde aduru yi a nea wɔde yɛ titiriw ne Novocaine no asa Khrusechev [1894-1971], Sukarno [1901-1970], Ho Chi Minh [1890-1969], ne nnipa afoforo a wɔwɔ dibea no yare. Nokwarem no, adanse biara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ aduru yi tumi yɛ saa na biribiara nni hɔ a yebetumi agyina so aka sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ etumi yɛ saa. Nnipa a wɔde wɔn yɛɛ nhwɛso sɛ wɔde aduru yi dii dwuma no nyinaa wuwui a wɔanni mfe a ɛdɔɔso ahe biara.

“Wɔ 1974 mu no, Packer ne Smith tintim asɛm bi wɔ Amerikafo nyansahu ho nsɛmma nhoma bi a agye din mu a ɛka nhwehwɛmu ahorow a ɛte sɛ nea ɛda no adi sɛ vitamin E maa nkwa mmoawa bi a wɔwo nipadua no mu no tumi nyin kyɛe wɔ tumpan bi mu ho asɛm. Akyiri yi wɔkyerɛe sɛ eyi nte saa bere a wɔn anaasɛ nnipa afoforo antumi anyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo a esi eyi so dua no. Ɛde besi nnɛ no, aduan, asetra kwan ahorow, aduannuru ne nnuru ahorow biara nni hɔ a wɔatumi akyerɛ sɛ ɛma onipa nkwa nna yɛ tenten. Wɔ nnipa ɔpepepem 4 a wɔtraa ase a wɔawuwu no mu no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wodii nnuan ahorow nyinaa bi na wɔde nnuru ahorow nso dii dwuma. Di a yenni nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe ɔha no kyerɛ pefee sɛ ɔkwantiaa bi a yɛbɛfa so anya nkwa tenten nni hɔ, anyɛ saa anka obi ahu dedaw.”

Ɛda adi pefee sɛ ɛnyɛ nea nnipa atumi ama wɔn nkwa nna ayɛ tenten, ɛwom sɛ ɛdenam nnipa a mmofraase nyarewa kunkum wɔn dodow so a wɔama atew no so no, wɔama mfe a wonya wɔ asetra mu no adɔɔso de. Wɔ nnipa fam no, anidaso a wɔwɔ sɛ wɔbɛma wɔn nkwa nna ayɛ tenten no nyɛ kɛse biara. Nanso anidaso ankasa a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔbɛma adesamma nkwa nna ayɛ tenten wɔ hɔ. Ɛdenam ɔkwan bɛn so?

Onipa Nkwa Nna a Wɔbɛma Ayɛ Tenten

Bɛyɛ mfe 2,000 a atwam ni no, Yesu Kristo bisae sɛ: “Na mo mu hena na obetumi adwennwenne de basafa biako ato ne nkwa nna so?” (Luka 12:25, NW) Obiara nni hɔ! Nanso Yesu kae nso sɛ: “Nea entumi nyɛ nnipa fam no, Onyankopɔn fam de, ebetumi ayɛ.”​—Luka 18:27.

Na Onyankopɔn atirimpɔw ma onipa ne sɛ ɔbɛtra ase daa. Na onipa a odi kan a wɔfrɛ no Adam no wɔ hokwan sɛ ɔbɛtra ase daa denam osetie a ɔbɛyɛ ama Onyankopɔn no so. (Genesis 2:15-17) Nanso esiane asoɔden nti, Adam hweree saa hokwan no na adesamma abusua no nyinaa nyaa bɔne ne owu fii ne nkyɛn.​—Romafo 5:12.

Tete agyanom a wɔtraa ase ansa na Nsuyiri no reba no mu pii a na wɔbɛn Adam pɛyɛ no ho nkwa nna bɛnee mfirihyia apem. (Genesis 5:5-31) Wɔ Nsuyiri no akyi no, onipa nkwa nna so tewee mpofirim na Mose tumi kyerɛwee wɔ ne bere so sɛ: “Yɛn mfirihyia nna, emu wɔ mfe aduɔson, na sɛ ɛboro so a, na ɛredu aduɔwɔtwe, na emu ahoahoade yɛ ɔbrɛ ne ahuhude.”​—Dwom 90:10.

Akyiri yi odiyifo Yesaia ka too hɔ sɛ Onyankopɔn ‘bɛmene owu akosi daa na [Yehowa] bɛpopa aniwa nyinaa so nusu.’ (Yesaia 25:8) Wɔsan tii saa bɔhyɛ yi mu wɔ Bible nhoma a etwa to no mu, faako a ɛka sɛ Onyankopɔn ‘bɛpopa wɔn aniwam nusu nyinaa. Na owu nni hɔ bio, na awerɛhow ne osu ne yaw bi nni hɔ bio.’​—Adiyisɛm 21:4.

Ebia wubebisa sɛ: “So menya nhyira ahorow yi bi bere a mete hɔ ara kwa anaasɛ ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ biribi na ama manya bi? Bible no kɔ so ka sɛ: “Nea odi nkonim no benya eyinom adi, na mɛyɛ no Onyankopɔn, na ɔno nso ayɛ me ɔba. Na ahufo ne wɔn a wonnye nni ne akyideyɛfo ne awudifo ne nguamammɔfo ne adutofo ne abosonsomfo ne atorofo nyinaa benya wɔn kyɛfa wɔ ɔtare a ogya ne sufre dɛw mu no mu, ɛne owuprenu no.”​—Adiyisɛm 21:7, 8.

Yiw, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛtra ase daa no, ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nkonimdifo, kyerɛ sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ woma wiase no ne emu nneyɛe ahorow a wɔabobɔ din wɔ Adiyisɛm 21:8 no di wo so nkonim. Onyankopɔn ne ne Ba no ho nimdeɛ a wubenya no ho hia saa ara.​—Yohane 17:3.

So wobɛyɛ nkonimdifo? So wobɛka nnipa ɔpepem pii a wɔreba abenya nhyira a ɛne daa nkwa no ho? Adepa a wobɛyɛ no bɛma wɔabua nsemmisa yi sɛ yiw.

[Kratafa 21 adaka]

Asetra Mu Mfe

Ɔman Wɔ Tete Bɛyɛ 1900 Wɔ mprempren

bere no mua bere yi mu

Austria 37 40 73

Bulgaria 39 40 72

England 33 50 74

France 28 47 75

Germany 35 47 73

Greece 29 40 74

Hungary 36 38 70

Italy 27 45 74

Romania 34 42b 71

Spain 37 35 76

Yugoslavia 33 52c 70

Kyerɛwtohɔ no fi History of Human Life Span and Mortality a Gy. Ascádi ne J Nemeskéri, kyerɛwee, Budapest, 1970, kratafa 222 ne Old Age Among the Ancient Greeks, a Bessie E. Richardson kyerɛwee, kratafa 234 no mu. Ɛdefa afe bɛyɛ 1900 ho no, kyerɛwtohɔ no fi Demographic Yearbook, 1967, a Amanaman Nkabom no yɛe, New York, 1968, kratafa 722-38 ne The Milbank Memorial Fund Quaterly, Po 38, 1960, kratafa 132 no mu. Ɛdefa nnɛ bere yi mu ho no, kyerɛwtohɔ no fi 1986 World Population Data Sheet a Population Reference Bureau tintimii no mu.

[Ase hɔ nsɛm]

[Kratafa 20 mfoni]

“Wɔ mfe ɔhaha pii mu no, nnuruyɛfo abɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nnuru a etumi ma obi nyin kyɛ nanso ɛnyɛ nea atumi ayɛ yiye”

[Asɛm Fibea]

The Bettmann Archive