Ɔyaredɔm Wɔ Afeha a Ɛto so 20 Yi Mu
PƆMPƆ BƆNE yare a ɛbaa afeha a ɛto so 14 mu wɔ Europa no amfa wiase awiei no amma sɛnea na nnipa pii susuw no. Na yɛn bere yi nso ɛ? So yɛn bere yi mu yaredɔm ne nyarewa ahorow no kyerɛ sɛ yɛte nea Bible frɛ no “nna a edi akyiri” no mu?—2 Timoteo 3:1.
Ebia wubesusuw sɛ ‘ɛnte saa koraa.’ Aduruyɛ ne nyansahu mu nkɔso a wɔanya no aboa kɛse ma yɛate nyarewa ase seesei reko atia sen nnipa abakɔsɛm mu bere biara. Aduruyɛ mu nyansahufo anya nnuru a wɔde sa nyarewa ne nea wɔde kwati pii—nnwinnade a tumi wom a wɔde ko tia nyarewa ne mmoawa a wɔde ba no. Nkɔanim a wɔanya wɔ ɔhwɛ a wɔde ma wɔ ayaresabea ne afei nsu a wɔnom ho dwumadi, ahotew, ne aduannoa mu no nso aboa wɔ akodi a etia nsanyare no mu.
Mfe kakra a atwam no, nnipa pii susuwii sɛ wɔreyɛ adi ɔko no mu nkonim. Ná wɔayi mpete yare afi hɔ, na na wɔde wɔn ani asi nyarewa foforo so sɛ wobeyi afi hɔ. Nnuru ahorow tumi dii nyarewa a enni ano so nkonim. Nnuruyɛfo hwɛɛ daakye a ɛyɛ anigye kwan. Ná wobedi nsanyare so nkonim; na wobetu ase mmiako mmiako. Ná aduruyɛ mu nyansahu bedi nkonim.
Nanso amma saa. Ɛnnɛ nsanyare da so ara kunkum nnipa sen biara wɔ wiase, na ekunkum nnipa bɛboro ɔpepem 50 wɔ 1996 mu nkutoo. Daakye ho dadwen a ɛreyɛ kɛse resi anidaso a wonyae bere a atwam no ananmu. The World Health Report 1996, a Wiase Nyinaa Akwahosan Ahyehyɛde (WHO) yɛe no bɔ kɔkɔ sɛ: “Nkɔso a wonyae wɔ nnansa yi mfe mu a wɔde bɛma nnipa akwahosan atu mpɔn no mu pii ho aba asɛm. Wiase nyinaa nsanyare ho asiane repenpɛn so. Ɔman biara nni hɔ a ne ho nnim.”
Nyarewa Dedaw Abɛyɛ Hu Kɛse
Ade biako a ɛhaw adwene ne sɛ, nyarewa a agye din, a bere bi na wosusuw sɛ wɔadi so nkonim no resan aba bio, a seesei de etumi di awu kɛse, na ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛsa. Nhwɛso biako ne nsamanwaw, yare a bere bi na wosusuw sɛ wɔadi so koraa wɔ aman a anya nkɔso mu no. Nanso nsamanwaw amfi hɔ; seesei ekunkum nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepem abiɛsa afe biara. Sɛ wɔanyɛ akwan a wɔfa so sa no yiye a, nnipa bɛboro ɔpepem 90 na wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ wobenya yare no bi wɔ 1990 mfe yi mu. Nsamanwaw a aduru ntumi no no retrɛw wɔ aman pii mu.
Nyarewa a ɛresan aba bio ho nhwɛso foforo ne atiridiinini. Mfe aduanan a atwam no, na nnuruyɛfo wɔ anidaso sɛ wobetu atiridiinini ase ntɛm. Ɛnnɛ, yare no kunkum nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepem abien afe biara. Atiridiinini wɔ aman bɛboro 90 mu bere nyinaa, na ɛde wiase mu nnipa dodow ɔha biara mu 40 nkwa to asiane mu. Ntontom a wɔde atiridiinini mmoawa no ma no yɛ nea nnuru a wɔde kum nkoekoemmoa ntumi wɔn, na ɔyare mmoawa no ankasa yɛ nea nnuru ntumi wɔn araa ma nnuruyɛfo suro sɛ ebia ɛrenkyɛ atiridiinini bi wɔ hɔ a wɔrentumi nsa.
Yare ne Ohia
Nyarewa foforo kunkum nnipa pii ɛmfa ho sɛ akwan a etu mpɔn wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so ko tia no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, susuw hon ntini mu yare ho. Nnuru wɔ hɔ a etumi siw hon ntini mu yare ano na etumi sa. Ebi sii Afrika Sahara Anafo fam wɔ 1996 mfiase. Ebia woante ho asɛm kɛse; nanso ekunkum nnipa bɛboro 15,000—wɔn mu fã kɛse yɛ ahiafo ne mmofra.
Ɔhome mu nyarewa, a ebi ne mpafe no, kunkum nnipa ɔpepem anan afe biara, a wɔn mu dodow no ara yɛ mmofra. Ntoburo kunkum mmofra ɔpepem biako afe biara, na nkɔnkɔn kunkum 355,000 foforo. Anka nnuru a ne bo nyɛ den betumi asiw saa owu yi pii ano.
Ayamtu kunkum mmofra bɛyɛ mpem awotwe da biara da. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ anka ahotew anaa nsu pa a wɔnom anaa nnuru a ɛma ayamtim a wɔbɛhwɛ de ama no betumi asiw saa owu yi nyinaa ano.
Aman a ennyaa nkɔso pii mu na saa owu yi mu dodow no ara si, baabi a ohia abu so no. Nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepem 800—wiase nnipa bebree—na wonni ayaresa ho kwan. The World Health Report 1995 kae sɛ: “Wɔ Amanaman Ntam Nyarewa Ho Kyerɛwtohɔ mu no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ade a edi awu sen biara na ɛde ɔyare ne amanehunu ba sen biara wɔ wiase nyinaa no na wɔde twa to koraa. Edin a wɔde ama no ne Z59.5—ohia buruburoo.”
Nyarewa Foforo a Wɔahu
Nanso nyarewa foforo wɔ hɔ a afei na aba, na nnansa yi ara na wɔrehu. WHO kae nnansa yi sɛ: “Wɔ mfe 20 a atwam mu no, anyɛ yiye koraa nyarewa foforo bɛyɛ 30 na aba a ɛde nnipa ɔpehaha pii akwahosan to asiane mu. Saa nyarewa yi mu pii na wontumi nsa anaa wonnya ano aduru anaasɛ nnuru a wɔde bɛbɔ nkurɔfo ho ban afi ho, na ɛyɛ den sɛ wobetumi asiw ano anaa wobetumi adi so.”
Sɛ nhwɛso no, susuw HIV ne AIDS ho. Ɛyɛ yare a na wonnim bɛyɛ mfe 15 a atwam ni, nanso seesei ɛhaw nnipa wɔ asasepɔn biara so. Mprempren, mpanyimfo bɛyɛ ɔpepem 20 na wɔwɔ HIV, na bɛboro ɔpepem 4.5 na wɔanya AIDS. Sɛnea Human Development Report 1996 kyerɛ no, seesei AIDS kunkum mpanyimfo a wonnii mfe 45 sen biribi foforo biara wɔ Europa ne Amerika Atifi fam. Wiase nyinaa no, nnipa bɛyɛ 6,000 na wonya bi da biara da—biako wɔ anibu 15 biara mu. Akontaabu kyerɛ sɛ nnipa a wonya AIDS no dodow bɛkɔ soro ntɛmntɛm. Sɛnea U.S. adwumakuw bi kyerɛ no, wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ ebedu afe 2010 no, na nnipa a wɔwɔ Afrika ne Asia aman a AIDS asi hɔ kɛse mu no nkwa nna so atew abedu mfe 25.
So AIDS yɛ yare a ɛda nsow bi, anaa so yaredɔm foforo betumi aba a ɛho haw te sɛ ɛno anaa ɛbɛkyɛn saa? WHO bua sɛ: “Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ, nyarewa bi wɔ hɔ a yennya nhui, nanso ebetumi ayɛ hu te sɛ AIDS ara da hɔ retwɛn yɛn.”
Tebea a Eye Ma Ɔyare Mmoawa
Dɛn nti na akwahosan ho abenfo suro sɛ ɔyaredɔm bi betumi aba daakye? Ade biako nti a ɛte saa ne nnipa dodow a wɔredɔɔso wɔ nkuropɔn mu no. Mfe ɔha a atwam no, na wiase nnipa mu ɔha biara mu 15 pɛ na wɔte nkuropɔn mu. Nanso akontaabu ahorow kyerɛ sɛ, ebedu afe 2010 no, na wiase nnipa bɛboro fã na wɔte nkurow akɛse mu, titiriw nkurow akɛse a ɛwɔ aman a ennyaa nkɔso pii mu no.
Ɔyare mmoawa dɔre wɔ mmeae a nnipa akyere so. Sɛ kuropɔn bi wɔ adan pa, mmeae pa a nsufĩ fa, nsu pa a wɔnom ne aduruyɛ ho nhyehyɛe pa a, nsanyare ho asiane no so tew. Nanso aman a edi hia mu nkuropɔn no na emu nnipa redɔɔso ntɛmntɛm. Nkuropɔn bi wɔ hɔ a nnipa 750 anaa nea ɛboro saa biara wɔ tiafi biako pɛ. Nkurow akɛse pii nso wɔ hɔ a adan pa, nsu pa a wɔnom ne afei aduruyɛ ho nhyehyɛe nni hɔ. Baabi a nnipa ɔpehaha pii akyere so wɔ beae a ɛhɔ ntew no, yare tumi san nkurɔfo ntɛmntɛm.
So eyi kyerɛ sɛ nkurow akɛse a nnipa akyere so wom na ohia wɔ hɔ nkutoo mu na yaredɔm bɛba daakye? Nsɛmma nhoma Archives of Internal Medicine bua sɛ: “Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛte ase ankasa sɛ ohia buruburoo a nnipa kakraa bi bedi, sikasɛm mu ahokyere, ne nea efi mu ba no betumi ama nsanyare atrɛw ntɛmntɛm, na ama nkɔanim a nnipa foforo anya no ayɛ kwa.”
Ɛnyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobetumi ama yare bi atra faako. Nnipa pii tu kɔ mmeae foforo. Da biara nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepem biako na wɔkɔ amannɔne. Dapɛn biara nnipa ɔpepem biako tu kwan kɔ aman a wodi yiye ne wɔn a wodi hia nyinaa mu. Bere a nnipa di akɔneaba no, wɔde ɔyare mmoawa a wɔn ho yɛ hu ka wɔn ho kɔ. The Journal of the American Medical Association ka sɛ: “Sɛ ɔyaredɔm bi si baabiara seesei a, ɛsɛ sɛ yegye tom sɛ ebetumi aka aman dodow no ara, ɛnkanka aman a akwantufo taa fi amanaman mu kɔ hɔ no.”
Enti, ɛmfa ho sɛ wɔanya aduruyɛ mu nkɔanim wɔ afeha a ɛto so 20 yi mu no, ɔyaredɔm kɔ so kunkum nnipa pii, na nnipa pii suro sɛ afei na nea ɛyɛ hu sen biara mpo reba. Nanso dɛn na Bible ka fa daakye ho?
[Asɛm a wɔafa aka wɔ kratafa 18]
Nsanyare kunkum nnipa sen biara wɔ wiase, na anyɛ yiye koraa no, ekunkum nnipa bɛboro ɔpepem 50 wɔ 1996 mu nkutoo
[Kratafa 20 adaka]
Nyarewa a Nnuru Ntumi No
Nsanyare pii wɔ hɔ a ɛreyɛ den kɛse sɛ wobetumi asa efisɛ nnuru ntumi no bio. Nea ɛba ni: Sɛ obi nya ɔyare mmoawa a, wɔdɔre bere nyinaa, na wɔde wɔn yare tumi no ma wɔn mma. Sɛ wɔwo aboawa foforo biara a, ne su tumi sesa—awo mu biribi a ɛnkɔ yiye su mu dɛmdi kakra a ɛbɛma aboawa no anya su foforo. Hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ aboawa bi su bɛsesa ma nnuru ntumi no no sua koraa. Nanso ɔyare mmoawa tumi wo ɔpepepem pii, na ɛtɔ da bi a wɔwo ma wɔn mma wo ma mma no nso mma wo wɔ dɔnhwerew biako mu. Enti, ade a ɛte sɛ nea entumi mma no ba—bere ne bere mu no, aboawa bi ba a ɛyɛ den sɛ aduru betumi akum no.
Enti sɛ ɔyarefo no fa aduru a, mmoawa a nnuru tumi wɔn no na ekunkum wɔn, na ebia onipa no ho tɔ no kakra. Nanso, mmoawa a nnuru ntumi wɔn no nwu. Na afei de, wɔne mmoawa afoforo mpere aduannuru ne beae a wɔbɛtra ho bio. Wonya hokwan dɔre a biribiara nsiw wɔn kwan. Esiane sɛ aboawa biako betumi awo mmoawa bɛboro ɔpepem 16 da koro nti, ɛnkyɛ na onipa no asan ayare. Nanso saa bere yi de, mmoawa a nnuru a na wosusuw sɛ ebetumi akum wɔn no ntumi wɔn na ɛba ne mu. Saa mmoawa yi betumi akɔ nnipa foforo nso mu, na bere bi akyi no wɔasesa wɔn su bio a nnuru foforo nso ntumi wɔn.
Samufo asɛm bi a ɛwɔ Archives of Internal Medicine nsɛmma nhoma no mu ka sɛ: “Sɛnea akwan a yɛfa so sa nyarewa seesei no ntumi ɔyare mmoawa no yɛ nea ɛma obi susuw bere a nnipa bedi akodi a etia ɔyare mmoawa no mu nkogu, na ɛnyɛ hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobedi saa akodi yi mu nkogu ho.”—Yɛn na yɛasi ɔfã bi so dua no.
[Kratafa 21 adaka]
Nsanyare Foforo Bi a Wɔahu Fi 1976
Baabi a Yare no
Year Afe a Dii Kan Bae
Identified Name of Disease Wohui Yare no Din Anaasɛ Wohui
1976 Mpafe United States
1976 Ayamtunini United States
1976 Ebola Atiridiinini Zaire
1977 Hantaan ɔyare mmoawa Korea
1980 Berɛbo mu yare a emu yɛ den Italy
1980 Ɔyare mmoawa a nkwammoaa ntumi nko ntia wɔn Japan
1981 AIDS United States
1982 Aduan bɔne mu yare United States
1986 Yare a ɛma nantwi bɔ dam* United Kingdom
1988 Aduan bɔne mu yare a ɛka nnipa ne mmoa United Kingdom
1989 Berɛbo mu yare a emu nhyɛ da nyɛ den United States
1991 Venezuela atiridiinini Venezuela
1992 India ayamtu India
1994 Brazil atiridiinini Brazil
1994 Nnipa ne apɔnkɔ yare Australia
*Mmoa nkutoo na ɛyɛ wɔn.
[Asɛm Fibea]
Fibea: WHO
[Kratafa 22 adaka]
Nyarewa Dedaw San Ba
Nsamanwaw: Wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ nsamanwaw bekunkum nnipa bɛboro ɔpepem 30 wɔ saa mfe du yi mu. Esiane sɛ wɔantumi ansa yare no yiye mmere a atwam no nti, nsamanwaw a aduru biara ntumi no redi awu wɔ wiase nyinaa seesei. Nnuru a bere bi na ekunkum mmoawa a wɔde ba no ntɛmntɛm no ntumi wɔn seesei.
Atiridiinini: Saa yare yi haw nnipa ɔpepem 500 afe biara, na ekunkum ɔpepem 2. Nnuru ho a ɛyɛ na anaa nnuru a wɔmfa nni dwuma yiye nti na wontumi nnii yare yi so. Ne saa nti, atiridiinini mmoawa no abɛyɛ nea nnuru a bere bi na ekunkum wɔn no ntumi wɔn. Nea ama ɔhaw no ayɛ kɛse ne ntontom a nnuru a ekum nkoekoemmoa ntumi wɔn no.
Kɔlera: Kɔlera kunkum nnipa 120,000 afe biara, titiriw wɔ Afrika, baabi a nsanyare tumi trɛw kɛse na ɛtrɛw ntɛmntɛm no. Kɔlera yi a na wonnim wɔ Amerika Kesee fam mfe pii no, sii Peru wɔ 1991 mu, na efi saa bere no atrɛw wɔ asasepɔn no nyinaa so.
Atiridii a Ɛde Ahotutuw Ba: Wobu akontaa sɛ saa yare yi a ntontom na ɛde ba no ka nnipa ɔpepem 20 afe biara. Wɔ 1995 mu no, anyɛ yiye koraa no atiridii a ɛde ahotutuw ba ho yaredɔm a ɛsen biara a esii Latin Amerika ne Caribbean wɔ mfe 15 mu no kaa aman 14 wɔ hɔ. Atiridii a ɛde ahotutuw ba ho yaredɔm no renya nkɔanim esiane nnipa a wɔredɔɔso wɔ nkuropɔn mu, ntontom a wɔde saa yare no ma a wɔredɔɔso, ne nnipa a wɔwɔ bi a wotu yuu kɔtra mmeae foforo nti.
Menasekuru: Aduruma nhyehyɛe a efii ase mfe 50 a atwam no maa saa yare yi yerae koraa wɔ aman a anya nkɔanim wɔ mfiridwuma mu no mu. Nanso efi 1990 no, menasekuru yaredɔm no asi aman 15 mu wɔ Europa Apuei fam ne kan Soviet Union. Nnipa 4 biara a wonyaa yare no bi mu 1 wui. Wɔ 1995 afe no fã a edi kan no, nnipa bɛyɛ 25,000 na wɔbɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ wonyaa bi.
Dwoa a ɛtwe nkurɔfo: Wɔ 1995 mu no, nnipa bɛyɛ 1,400 na wɔbɔɔ amanneɛ kyerɛɛ Wiase Nyinaa Akwahosan Ahyehyɛde (WHO) no sɛ wonyaa yare no bi. Wɔ United States ne mmeae foforo no, ɔyare no atrɛw kɔ mmeae a na yaredɔm biara nsii hɔ mfe dudu pii no.
[Asɛm Fibea]
Fibea: WHO
[Kratafa 19 mfonini]
Ɛmfa ho sɛ wɔanya nkɔso wɔ ayaresa mu no, aduruyɛ mu nyansahu ntumi mmaa nsanyare nnyaee trɛw
[Asɛm Fibea]
WHO mfonini a J. Abcede twae
[Kratafa 21 mfonini]
Sɛ nnipa kyere so tra beae a ɛhɔ ntew a, yare trɛw ntɛmntɛm
[Kratafa 22 mfonini]
Nnipa a wɔwɔ aman a ennyaa nkɔso mu bɛyɛ ɔpepem 800 na wonnya ayaresa ho kwan