Wiase Redan Nkwakoraa Ne Mmerewa
WƆ 1513 mu no, Spaniani asase hwehwɛfo Juan Ponce de León nam po so baa Amerika Atifi fam mpoano baabi a na obiara nkɔɔ hɔ da. Amanneɛbɔ biako ka sɛ esiane sɛ na nhwiren ayɛ asase a okohui no so ma nti, ɔtoo hɔ din Florida, a ɛkyerɛ “Nhwiren Mu” wɔ Spania kasa mu. Anyɛ no den sɛ ɔbɛto hɔ din. Nanso nea ɛde no kɔɔ hɔ—asuti bi a etumi ma nkwakoraa ne mmerewa dan mmerante ne mmabaa bio—no de, ne nsa anka. Bere a okyinii asase no so nyinaa hwehwɛɛ so asram pii akyi no, asase hwehwɛfo no gyaee nsu a ɛma wɔyɛ mmerante ne mmabaa daa no hwehwɛ san traa po so hyɛn mu kɔe.
Ɛwom sɛ ɛnnɛ nso wontumi nnyaa asuti a ɛbɛma wɔayɛ mmerante ne mmabaa daa te sɛ Ponce de León bere so de, nanso ɛte sɛ nea nnipa abenya nea nhoma kyerɛwfo Betty Friedan frɛɛ no “asuti a ɛma nnipa nyin kyɛ.” Nea ɛma ɔkaa saa ne nkwakoraa ne mmerewa a wɔadɔɔso kɛse wɔ wiase no. Nnipa pii reyɛ nkwakoraa ne mmerewa seesei ma saafo no na wɔredɔɔso wɔ wiase. Ɔkwan bi so no, wiase redan nkwakoraa ne mmerewa.
“Adesamma Nkonimdi a Ɛsen Biara no Biako”
Nnipakan da no adi. Wɔ afeha yi mfiase no, mfe a na nnipa tumi twa nnu 50, wɔ aman a na wodi yiye mpo mu. Ɛnnɛ, akɔ soro akodu mfe 75. Saa ara na ɛnnɛ, wɔ aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii te sɛ China, Honduras, Indonesia, ne Vietnam mu no, mfe 25 abɛtɔ mfe dodow a na wotumi twa so wɔ mfe aduanan pɛ a atwam ni no. Ɔsram biara, nnipa ɔpepem biako na wodi mfe 60 wɔ wiase nyinaa. Nea ɛyɛ nwonwa no, ɛnyɛ mmofra na wɔredɔɔso paa wɔ asase so seesei, na mmom wɔn a wɔadi mfe 80 ne akyiri no, ‘nkwakoraa ne mmerewa posoposo’ no.
Nnipakanfo Eileen Crimmins ka wɔ Science nsɛmma nhoma no mu sɛ: “Mfe dodow a nnipa tumi twa a emu atwe no yɛ adesamma nkonimdi a ɛsen biara no biako.” Amanaman Nkabom no gye tom, na bere a wɔpɛ sɛ wɔtwe adwene si saa mmɔdenbɔ yi so no, wɔafrɛ 1999 afe no sɛ Nkwakoraa ne Mmerewa a Wɔwɔ Aman Nyinaa mu Afe.—Hwɛ adaka a ɛwɔ kratafa 11 no mu.
Ɛho Hia—Nsusuwii Foforo
Saa nkonimdi yi nnyina nsakrae a aba mfe dodow a nnipa tumi twa mu no nkutoo so. Adwene foforo a nnipa abenya wɔ onyin ho no nso ka ho. Ampa, nnipa pii mpɛ mpanyinyɛ, na wosuro mpo, efisɛ onyinkyɛ taa de nipadua ne adwene mu mmerɛwyɛ ba. Nanso nhwehwɛmufo a wosua mpanyinyɛ ho ade si so dua sɛ mpanyinyɛ nyɛ yare. Ɛsono sɛnea obiara nyin koraa. Nhwehwɛmufo ka sɛ sɛ́ obi benyin wɔ mfe mu no yɛ soronko wɔ mpanyinyɛ ho. (Hwɛ adaka mu nsɛm “Dɛn Ne Mpanyinyɛ?”) Ɔkwan foforo so no, sɛ obi renyin a, ɛnkyerɛ ankasa sɛ wagow.
Nokwasɛm ne sɛ bere a worenyin no, wubetumi ayɛ nneɛma bi a ɛbɛma w’asetra atu mpɔn. Ɛwom, saa nneɛma no remma wonyɛ aberante anaa ababaa, nanso bere a worenyin no, ɛbɛma woanya akwahosan pa. Asɛm a edi hɔ no bɛka saa nneɛma yi bi ho asɛm. Sɛ mpanyinyɛ ho asɛm nhia wo pii seesei mpo a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokenkan, efisɛ enni da bi, na abɛyɛ wo asɛnhia.
[Kratafa 11 adaka/mfonini]
NKWAKORAA NE MMEREWA A WƆWƆ AMAN NYINAA MU AFE
Bere a wɔde reto gua nnansa yi sɛ afe yi yɛ Nkwakoraa ne Mmerewa a Wɔwɔ Aman Nyinaa mu Afe no, UN Soafo Panyin Kofi Annan kae sɛ: “Esiane sɛ m’ankasa madi mfe 60 nti . . . , seesei wɔkan me fra nnipa a madi kan aka wɔn ho asɛm no.” Nnipa a wɔte sɛ Owura Annan no dɔɔso. Nhwehwɛmufo ka sɛ ebedu bere a afeha yi bɛkɔ n’awiei no, na nnipa 5 biara mu 1 adi mfe 60 ne akyiri wɔ aman pii mu. Wɔn mu binom behia afoforo mmoa, nanso wɔn nyinaa behia akwan a wɔbɛfa so atra ase a wɔrennan afoforo, wobenya nidi, na wɔn ho aba mfaso. Nea ɛbɛboa aman mpanyimfo ama wɔadi ɔhaw a afi ‘mpanyimfo a wɔredɔɔso’ yi mu aba no ho dwuma na wɔanya “mfaso a ɛwɔ mpanyimfo so wɔ ɔman mu” no ho anisɔ kɛse no, UN Bagua Kɛse no sii gyinae wɔ 1992 mu sɛ wɔde 1999 besi hɔ sɛ Nkwakoraa ne Mmerewa a Wɔwɔ Aman Nyinaa mu Afe. Afe titiriw yi asɛmti ne sɛ, “Yɛrepɛ Ɔman a Nnipa a Wɔn Mfe Gu Ahorow Nyinaa Wom.”
[Mfonini]
Kofi Annan
[Nsɛm Fibea]]
UN photo
UN/DPI photo by Milton Grant
[Kratafa 12 adaka/mfonini]
DƐN NE MPANYINYƐ?
Nhwehwɛmufo bi ka sɛ: “Sɛ yɛka mpanyinyɛ a, emu nna hɔ koraa.” Ɔfoforo nso ka sɛ: “Obiara ntumi nte ase nwie.” Ne nyinaa akyi no, nyansahufo a wosua mpanyinyɛ ho ade no abɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ mu. Ne tiaatwa mu no, wɔka sɛ mpanyinyɛ kyerɛ bere tenten a obi de atra ase. Nanso mpanyinyɛ nyɛ mfe dodow a etwam kɛkɛ. Yɛntaa mfa mpanyinyɛ nsusuw abofra efisɛ wɔtaa de mpanyinyɛ bata nipadua mu mmerɛwyɛ ho. Mpanyinyɛ yɛ mmerɛwyɛ a ɛba obi so bere a ne mfe rekɔ anim no. Ebinom ho nkyerɛ sɛ wɔanyin. Ɛno na ɛma wotumi ka kyerɛ obi sɛ ne ho “yɛ fɛ.” Nea ɛbɛma nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ onyin wɔ mfe mu ne mpanyinyɛ ntam no ada adi no, nhwehwɛmufo taa ka mpanyinyɛ (onyin a ɛde nipadua mu haw ba) ho asɛm sɛ mmerɛwyɛ.
Mmoa ho ɔbenfo Steven N. Austad ka mmerɛwyɛ ho asɛm sɛ “nipadua mu nkwaadɔm nyinaa a bere rekɔ so no, ɛgogow nkakrankakra.” Ɔbenfo Richard L. Sprott a ɔwɔ Ɔman Mpanyinyɛ Ho Asoɛe no nso ka sɛ mpanyinyɛ “yɛ yɛn nkwaa a ɛma yetumi gyina dadwen ano yiye no a ɛyɛ mmerɛw nkakrankakra.” Nanso abenfo dodow no ara gye tom sɛ ɛda so ara yɛ den sɛ wobetumi akyerɛ mpanyinyɛ ase yiye. Abɔde mu nneɛma nketewa ho nimdefo Ɔbenfo John Medina ka sɛ nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ: “Efi yɛn apampam besi yɛn nan ase, efi abɔde mu nneɛma nketenkete so kosi awosu mu nneɛma so, efi awo mu kosi owu mu no, nneɛma a enni ano sisi a ɛma nipadua mu nkwammoaa ɔpepepepem 60 no yɛ mmerɛw.” Ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ nhwehwɛmufo pii ka sɛ mpanyinyɛ yɛ “nipadua mu haw ahorow no mu nea ase yɛ te na sen biara”!