Ɔsɔretia a Sovietfo De baa Nyamesom So
WƆTEW Union of Soviet Socialist Republic aman no wɔ 1922 mu, na na Russia na edi adehyeman anan a na ɛwom no mu akoten. Awiei koraa no, aman 15 na na ɛwom a na ne kɛse bɛyɛ asase nkyem asia. Nanso wɔ 1991 mu no, Soviet Union no gui prɛko pɛ.a Anwonwasɛm ne sɛ, ɛno ne Ɔman a edi kan a ɛpɛe sɛ ebeyi Onyankopɔn ho gyidi biara afi ne manfo adwenem.
Na Vladimir Lenin a ɔyɛ Soviet Union mampanyin a odi kan no yɛ Karl Marx a ɔkae sɛ Kristosom yɛ biribi a wɔnam so di nkurɔfo ani, no suani. Marx frɛɛ ɔsom sɛ “aduru a wɔde sɛe nkurɔfo adwene,” na akyiri yi, Lenin kae sɛ: “Nyamesom ne onyame bi ho adwene biara, . . . yɛ biribi a ɛmfata koraa sɛ wɔbɛka ho asɛm.”
Bere a Russia Ortodɔksfo Panyin Tikhon wui wɔ 1925 mu no, wɔamma asɔre no kwan amma ampaw ɔpanyin biara bio. Ɔsɔretia a wɔde baa asɔre so no kowiee asɔredan ahorow a wɔsɛee no na wɔde ebi nso yɛɛ ɔman no dwumadibea afoforo mu. Wɔde asɔfo pii koguu adwumayɛban mu ma wɔsomee sɛ nkoa na wɔn mu pii wuwui. Encyclopædia Britannica kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ: “Wɔ Joseph Stalin nniso ase wɔ 1920 ne 1930 mfe no mu no, wɔsɔre tiaa asɔre no denneennen kunkum nnipa mpempem pii. Ɛde besi 1939 no, na Ortodɔks asɔfo mpanyin baanan ne asɔre 100 pɛ na ɛwɔ hɔ wɔ mmara ase.”
Nanso, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ nsakrae kɛse bi bae prɛko pɛ.
Wiase Ko II ne Nyamesom
Wɔ 1939 mu no, Nasi Germany a saa bere no na ɛne Soviet Union ayɛ apam no, tuu Poland so sa maa Wiase Ko II fii ase. Wɔ afe biako pɛ mu no, Soviet Union tumi gyee aman 4 a na etwa to wɔ adehyeman 15 no mu—Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, ne Moldavia—kaa ho. Nanso, wɔ June 1941 mu no, Germanfo kɔtow hyɛɛ Soviet Union so mpofirim ma ɛyɛɛ Stalin ahodwiriw koraa. Eduu afe no awiei no, na German asraafo atumi ako afa Moscow ahye nyinaa, ma ɛbɛdaa adi sɛ Soviet Union asehwe abɛn.
Stalin de ahometew boaboaa ɔman no ano de wɔn kɔɔ ɔko a Russiafo frɛɛ no Akodi a Ɔmanfo Pii De Wɔn Ho Hyɛɛ Mu no. Stalin behui sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ ɔma asɔre no hokwan bi na ama emufo no aboa no wɔ ɔko no mu, esiane sɛ na wɔn mu ɔpepem pii ani da so gye nyamesom ho nti. Dɛn na efi adwene foforo koraa a Stalin nyae wɔ nyamesom ho no mu bae?
Esiane sɛ wotumi ne asɔre no yɛɛ biako nti, wonyaa Russiafo no ma wɔde wɔn ho hyɛɛ ɔko no mu, na wɔ 1945 mu no, Sovietfo no tumi dii Germanfo so nkonim koraa. Bere a wɔmaa ɔsom ho kwan kakra wɔ Soviet no, Ortodɔks asɔre a ɛwɔ hɔ no dodow duu 25,000, na asɔfo no nso duu 33,000.
Ɔsɔretia Foforo
Nanso, nokwarem no, na Soviet akannifo no adwene a ɛne sɛ wobeyi nkurɔfo no adwene afi Onyankopɔn so no nsesae. The Encyclopædia Britannica kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ: “Ɔman Soafo Panyin Nikita Khrushchev de ɔsɔretia foforo baa nyamesom so wɔ 1959 kosi 1964 mu, ma ɛno nti na asɔre a wɔma hokwan wɔ mmara mu no dodow nnu 10,000. Wɔpaw ɔsɔfo Panyin Pimen wɔ 1971 mu wɔ Alexis wu akyi, na ɛwom sɛ na nnipa ɔpepem pii da so ara kɔ asɔre de, nanso, na anidaso pa biara nni hɔ.”b
Akyiri yi, yebesusuw sɛnea ɛyɛe a Russia Ortodɔks Asɔre no tumi gyinaa Soviet ntua foforo yi ano no ho. Nanso, esii asɔre afoforo a na ɛwɔ Soviet Union no dɛn? Asɔre ahorow yi mu nea ɛwɔ he na ehyiaa ɔsɔretia kɛse, na dɛn ntia? Yebesusuw eyi ho wɔ asɛm a edi hɔ no mu.
[Ase hɔ nsɛm]
a Eyinom ne aman 15 a na ɛka bom yɛ kan Soviet adehyeman no: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, ne Uzbekistan.
b Ɛtɔ da bi a, wɔkyerɛw edin Alexis I, a na ɔyɛ Russia Ortodɔks asɔre panyin wɔ 1945 kosi 1970 mu, ne Alexis II, a wayɛ asɔre panyin fi 1990 mu de besi nnɛ no, Alexy, Aleksi, Aleksei, ne Alexei.
[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 11]
Lenin kae sɛ ‘Onyankopɔn ho adwene biara yɛ nea ɛmfata koraa sɛ wɔbɛka ho asɛm’
[Asɛm Fibea]
Musée d’Histoire Contemporaine—BDIC