Ɔkwaha Ho Ntease a Yebenya

“EDU ANADWO A, MEHWƐ ME NAN NE ME NSA A AKYEAKYEA NO NA MISU.”—MIDORI, JAPAN.

ƆKWAHA ahaw nnipa mfehaha pii. Misrifo amukyenee da no adi sɛ yare no atra hɔ mfehaha pii a atwam ni. Adanse a ɛwɔ hɔ kyerɛ sɛ, yare no yɛɛ Christopher Columbus a na okyin hwehwɛ nsase so no. Na ayɛ nnipa ɔpepem pii nnɛ. Yare a ebubu nnipa yi yɛ dɛn ankasa?

Wɔfaa asɛmfua a wɔkyerɛɛ ase “ɔkwaha” no fii Hela nsɛmfua a ɛkyerɛ “apɔw so a ahonhon” mu, na wɔde frɛ ɔkwaha a egu ahorow bɛboro 100.a Ɛnyɛ apɔw so nko na yare yi ka na mmom ntini, nnompe, ne nhama a ekurakura mu no nso. Ɔkwaha bi betumi asɛe wo honam ani, nipaduam nkwaadɔm ne w’ani mpo. Ma yɛmfa yɛn adwene nsi nyarewa a wɔtaa frɛ no ɔkwaha no mu abien—ɔkwaha a ɛma nnipa apɔw so gogow (RA) ne ɔkwaha a ɛma nnipa apɔw so honhon (OA)—no so.

Sɛnea Wɔyɛɛ Nipadua Apɔw No

Pɔw so ne baabi a nnompe abien hyia. Kotoku twintwann bi atwa nipadua apɔw so a nsu tentann gyina hɔ no ho ahyia, na ɛbɔ ho ban wowaw no. (Hwɛ mfonini a ɛwɔ kratafa 4 no.) Ntini hatahata bi fomfam pɔw so kotoku twintwann no ho. Ntini hatahata yi yɛ nsu tentann bi. Wɔ nipadua apɔw so kotoku no mu no, ntini toromtorom twintwann bi kata nnompe abien no nyinaa anim a wɔfrɛ no dompe gyirigyiriw. Eyi na ɛmma wo nnompe no ntwiw anim mma emu biara enhi no. Dompe gyirigyiriw no na sɛ wohuruhuruw a ɛmma wo nnompe nka nsi anim no, ɛhyɛ ntam tofoo, na ɛmma adesoa nnyina dompe biako so na mmom ɛkyɛ ma nnompe nyinaa.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wonantew, wutu mmirika, anaa wohuruhuruw a adesoa a ebegyina w’adwonku ne wo nkotodwe so no betumi ayɛ wo mu duru mmɔho anan kosi awotwe! Bere a wo ntini akɛse ne nketewa a ɛwɔ w’adwonku ne wo nkotodwe ho gye adesoa no fã kɛse no ara no, dompe gyirigyiriw no kamoa sɛ sapɔw de boa wo nnompe no ma etumi soa adesoa no.

Ɔkwaha a Ɛma Apɔw so Honhon

Ɛdefa ɔkwaha a ɛma apɔw so honhom (RA) ho no, nipadua mu nkwaadɔm a ɛko tia nyarewa no tow hyɛ nipadua no apɔw so. Bere a yennim nea ɛde ba no, mogya nkwammoaa dodow no ara—a nkwammoaa a wɔfrɛ wɔn T, a wodi akoten wɔ nipadua mu nkwaadɔm a ɛko tia nyarewa ka ho no—de ahoɔhare kɔhyehyɛ ntokuru a ɛwɔ nipadua no apɔw so no mu. Eyi ma nsakrae pii ba nsu a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu ma pɔw no hon. Pɔw no so nsu tentann no nkwammoaa tumi dɔɔso wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ nwonwa so, na wɔkeka wɔn ho bom yɛ nnwoa wɔ hɔ. Na nnwoa no nso yɛ nipadua mu nsu bi a ɛsɛe dompe gyirigyiriw no. Afei nnompe no keka si anim, na ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ ebetwa ne ho—na ɛyɛ yaw yiye. Adesɛe yi ma nhama, ntini nketewa, ne ntini akɛse no yɛ mmerɛw, na ɛma pɔw no mu gow na ɛto fere ho kakra, mpɛn pii no, ɛma ɛkyeakyea. Mpɛn pii no RA ka nipadua no apɔw abien bere koro mu, ɛyɛ abakɔn abien, nkotodwe abien, ne anan abien. Nnipa a RA yɛ wɔn no ɔha biara mu 50 apɔw so honhon nso. Ebinom mogya so tew, na wɔn aniwa ne wɔn menem nsu yow ma ɛyɛ wɔn yaw. RA ma ɔbrɛ, ɛma hwenem fi nsu, ɛma ahoɔhyew, na ɛma ntini yɛ yaw nso.

Sɛnea ɛte no, RA gu ahorow wɔ sɛnea efi ase ne bere tenten a edi mu. Wɔ nipa bi fam no, ne yaw ne asensen no tumi ba nkakrankakra bɛyɛ adapɛn anaa mfe dodow bi mpo mu. Wɔ onipa foforo fam no, etumi kyere no mpofirim. Wɔ nnipa binom fam no, sɛ RA yɛ wɔn asram kakraa bi a ɛkɔ a ɛnsɛe wɔn. Etumi kyere afoforo denneennen wɔ bere ne bere mu, na afei egyae ma wɔn ho tɔ wɔn saa bere no. Na afoforo fam no, yare no kɔ so yɛ wɔn mfe pii a ennyae, na ebubu wɔn.

Henanom na RA betumi ayɛ wɔn? Sɛnea Oduruyɛfo Michael Schiff kyerɛ no, “ɛtaa yɛ mmea mmasiriwa.” Nanso, Schiff kɔɔ so kae sɛ “ebetumi ayɛ obiara a mfe a wadi mfa ho, a mmofra ne mmarima nyinaa ka ho.” Ɛnyɛ den sɛ ɔkwaha a ɛma apɔw so honhom bɛyɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ abusuafo a ebi ayɛ wɔn no. Nhwehwɛmu pii a wɔayɛ kɔ so da no adi sɛ tawanom, kɛseyɛ mmoroso, ne mogya a wɔde ma nyinaa yɛ nneɛma a etumi de yare no ba paa.

Ɔkwaha a Ɛma Apɔw so Gogow

Western Journal of Medicine ka sɛ “ɔkwaha a ɛma apɔw so gogow te sɛ wim tebea wɔ akwan pii so—etumi yɛ nipadua no afã biara, na mpɛn pii no wɔntaa nhu, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛsɛe ade yiye.” Nea ɛnte sɛ RA no, ɔkwaha a ɛma apɔw so gogow (OA) ntaa ntrɛw nkɔ nipadua no afã foforo na mmom egyina pɔw biako anaa kakraa bi pɛ so sɛe hɔ. Bere a ɛde nkakrankakra sɛe dompe gyirigyiriw no, dompe no fi ase twiw foforo anim. Eyi ma dompe no fefɛw. Nnwoa nketenkete tumi ba hɔ ma dompe no yɛ pipiripii na ɛsɛe. Nsɛnkyerɛnne foforo nso ne nsa pɔw so a ɛyɛ gogorɔgogorɔ, dede a dompe a etwiw anim wɔ apɔw a ɔkwaha ayɛ hɔ yɛ, ntini a ɛpoapoa, ɛyaw, asensen, ne nantew a wontumi nnantew yiye.

Mmere bi a atwam no, na wosusuw sɛ OA yɛ yare a onyin de ba ara kwa. Nanso, animdefo nnye adwene a nkurɔfo akura mu bere tenteenten no ntom bio. The American Journal of Medicine ka sɛ: “Biribiara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nipadua pɔw so a hwee nyɛɛ no a adesoa a egyina so nyɛ nea ɛtra so no bɛgogow wɔ onipa no nkwa nna mu.” Ɛnde dɛn na ɛde ɔkwaha a ɛma apɔw so gogow no ba? Sɛnea Britain nsɛmma nhoma The Lancet ka no, “akyinnyegye pii asɔre” wɔ mmɔden a wɔabɔ sɛ wobehu dekode pɔtee a ɛde ba no ho. Nhwehwɛmufo bi akyerɛ sɛ ebetumi aba sɛ dompe no ho di kan ka, sɛ ebia pae a ɛho paapae nketenkete. Na ebetumi aba sɛ eyi na ɛma dompe no fefɛw na ɛsɛe dompe gyirigyiriw no. Afoforo susuw sɛ OA fi ase wɔ dompe gyirigyiriw no ankasa mu. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ, bere a ebubu no, adesoa a ɛba dompe no so yɛ kɛse. Na sɛ nipadua no yɛ sɛ ebesiesie dompe gyirigyiriw a asɛe no a, nsakrae bi ba.

Henanom na OA betumi ayɛ wɔn? Bere a ɛnyɛ mfe a obi adi nkutoo na ɛma OA yɛ no no, sɛ obi mfe rekɔ anim a dompe gyirigyiriw a ɛwɔ n’apɔw so no sɛe ntɛmntɛm. Afoforo nso a ebi betumi ayɛ wɔn ne wɔn a asɛm wɔ sɛnea wɔn nipadua apɔw sisi anim ho anaa wɔn a wɔn nan ne wɔn srɛ mu ntini nni ahoɔden, mpakye, anaa wɔn a wɔn akyi dompe ato afere ho no. Sɛ akwanhyia bi anaa adwuma bi a ɛma obi de ne nipadua pɔw bi yɛ adwuma tra so ho ka a, ɛno nso betumi ama ɔkwaha a ɛma apɔw so gogow ayɛ no. Sɛ OA nya fi ase na onii no mu yɛ duru tra so a, ebetumi asɛe asɛm no koraa.

Oduruyɛfo Tim Spector ka sɛ: “Ɔkwaha a ɛma apɔw so gogow yɛ yare a ɛkyere adwene a nneɛma pɔtee bi a ɛwɔ mmeae a yɛte de ba, na wotumi nya fi awo mu ankasa nso.” Wɔn a wotumi nya OA titiriw ne mmasiriwa ne mmerewa a yare no bi wɔ wɔn abusua mu no. Nea ɛnte sɛ nnompe mu nyarewa no, sɛ OA rebɛyɛ obi a ne nnompe yɛ pipiripii mmom sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ hatahata. Nhwehwɛmufo bi kyerɛ sɛ mframa pa mu nkwammoaa a wɔyare ne aduannuru a wɔfrɛ no vitamin C ne D a obi nni bi papa nso ma yare no tumi yɛ no.

Ayaresa

Nnuruyɛ, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, ne asetra kwan a wɔsakra mu taa yɛ akwan a wɔfa so sa ɔkwaha. Ebia ɔyaresafo bi befi apɔw-mu-teɛ ho nhyehyɛe bi ase. Ebetumi ayɛ akwaa a wɔtwe mu, ahuruhuruw, ne akwaa a wɔpoapoa anaa nneɛma a emu yɛ duru a wɔmema so. Ada adi sɛ eyinom tumi ma yare ho nsɛnkyerɛnne a nea ɛka ho bi ne apɔw so yaw ne ahonhon, ɔbrɛ, mmerɛwyɛ, ne adwenemhaw no brɛ ase. Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ boa wɔn a wɔn mfe akɔ anim paa mpo. Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ tumi tew hatahata a dompe yɛ so nso. Ebinom kyerɛ sɛ wɔnam ɔhyew ne awɔw ne mpaane a wɔde wowɔ ɔyarefo sa ne yare no so tumi tew ɛyaw no so kakra.b

Esiane sɛ obi so a ɛtew tumi ma ɛyaw a ɔte wɔ n’apɔw so no so tew koraa nti, obi aduandi betumi aboa kɛse wɔ ɔkwaha ayaresa mu. Ebinom nso akyerɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ obi so kɛkɛ na nnuan a aduannuru a wɔfrɛ no calcium wom te sɛ afumduan a ɛyɛ nhabammono, nnuaba a ɛyɛ mono, ne nsunam a srade yerɛyerɛw a wɔfrɛ no omega-3 pii wom ma ɛtew—na ɛno tew nnuan a wɔde gu nkyɛnsee mu ne srade a etumi da so—na ɛboa ma ɛyaw so tew nso. Ɔkwan bɛn so? Ebinom ka sɛ nnuan a ɛte saa no siw ahonhon ano. Wɔkyerɛ nso sɛ nnuan a mogyanam, nufusu, ne awi nnim, ɛne afumduan te sɛ tomantosi, ntɔmmɔ, mako, ne ntoropo yɛ ma ebinom.

Wɔ ebinom fam no, wɔkamfo oprehyɛn bi a wɔfrɛ no arthroscopy kyerɛ. Nea wɔyɛ no ne sɛ wɔde adwinnade bi wura nipadua no pɔw no mu, na ɛma oprehyɛnyɛfo no tumi yi ade a ɛyɛ nipadua pɔw so nsu tentann a ɛsɛe nipadua mu nsu no. Nanso, saa kwan yi nyɛ nea etu mpɔn kɔ akyiri, efisɛ ɛtaa hon bio. Ɔkwan a edi mu koraa ne nea woyi nipadua pɔw (a ɛtaa yɛ dwonku anaa kotodwe) nyinaa fi hɔ na wɔde nea nnipa ayɛ hyɛ ananmu no. Sɛ wɔde ade a nnipa ayɛ no hyɛ hɔ a etumi di mfirihyia 10 kosi 15, na ɛtaa ma ɛyɛ nea wɔnte yaw koraa.

Nnansa yi ara, nnuruyɛfo asɔ ayaresa foforo a wontwa nipadua no ho kɛse te sɛ nsu yerɛyerɛw tentann a wɔde wɔ nipadua no pɔw so tẽẽ ma nipadua pɔw so nsu tentann no tumi yɛ adwuma yiye. Wɔtaa yɛ eyi wɔ kotodwe so. Sɛnea nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔayɛ wɔ Europa kyerɛ no, nnuru a wɔde wɔ dompe gyirigyiriw no so na ɛkanyan no ma esiesie ne ho no nso tu mpɔn.

Bere a wonnyaa aduru biara a etumi sa ɔkwaha no, nnuru pii wɔ hɔ a ɛtew ɛyaw ne ahonhon no so, na ada adi sɛ ɛmma yare no nkɔ soro ntɛmntɛm. Nnuru a edwudwo yaw, nnuru a wɔde kyekyere, nea wɔde twitwiw nipadua no afã a ahon (NSAIDs), nea wɔde siw ɔkwaha ano (DMARDs), ne nea wɔde kanyan nipadua no nyinaa yɛ aduyɛ a wɔde ko tia ɔkwaha ho nsɛnkyerɛnne a ebubu nipa no ma onya ahotɔ. Nanso, ahotɔ yi betumi ama woahwere ade kɛse, efisɛ saa nnuru yi nyinaa betumi de ɔhaw a anibere wom aba akyiri yi. Mfaso ne asiane a ebetumi afi mu aba no ho asɛm yɛ asɛnnennen ma ɔyarefo no ne oduruyɛfo no nyinaa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ebinom a ɔkwaha ahaw wɔn no atumi agyina ɔyare a ɛyɛ yaw yi ano?

[Ase hɔ nsɛm]

[Asɛm a wɔafa aka wɔ kratafa 6]

KƐSEYƐ MMOROSO, SIGARETNOM, NE MOGYA A WƆDE AMA OBI PƐN BETUMI AMA AYƐ MMERƐW SƐ OBENYA ƆKWAHA A ƐMA APƆW SO HONHON

[Adaka/Mfonini wɔ kratafa 8]

AYARESA AKWAN FOFORO

Nnuru foforo bi wɔ hɔ a wosusuw sɛ asɛm nni ho, a sɛ wɔde ɔhaw a ɛwɔ akyiri no toto nnuru a wonim no dedaw no ho a, ɛyɛ kakra. Eyinom mu bi ne aduru a wɔnom a wɔfrɛ no type II collagen (aduru a ɛkanyan dompe gyirigyiriw no) a nhwehwɛmufo kyerɛ sɛ ama ɔkwaha a ɛma apɔw so honhon (RA) twetwe, na ɛyaw no so tew kɛse no. Ɔkwan bɛn so? Denam di a edi ahoɔdennuru a etumi ma ade hon obi a ɛne interleukin-1 ne ahoɔdennuru a ɛhwete dɛpɔ a wɔfrɛ no factor α no so. Wɔbɔ amanneɛ sɛ aduannuru kakra bi nso tumi di ahoɔdennuru koro no ara a ɛsɛe ade yi so. Ebi ne vitamin E, vitamin C, nicotin nsu yerɛyerɛw, nsunam mu srade a nsu yerɛyerɛw wom kɛse, ne nnuaba bi mu srade. Wɔ China no, wɔde ahabannuru bi a wɔfrɛ no Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F adi dwuma mfe pii. Wɔbɔ amanneɛ sɛ, atumi atew ɔkwaha a ɛma apɔw so honhon RA ho haw so kakra.

[Nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ wɔ kratafa 4, 5]

(Wopɛ nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ awie no a, hwɛ nhoma no mu)

NIPADUA PƆW A ƐTE APƆW

DWOA

NTINI KƐSE

DOMPE GYIRIGYIRIW

NTINI KETEWA

PƆW SO KOTOKU

NTINI HATAHATA

DOMPE

NSU TENTANN

NIPADUA PƆW A ƆKWAHA AMA AHON

NTOKURU A ASISIW

DOMPE NE DOMPE GYIRIGYIRIW NO SƐE

NTINI HATAHATA A AHON

DOMPE GYIRIGYIRIW MPOROPOROWA

NIPADUA PƆW A ƆKWAHA AMA AGOGOW

DOMPE GYIRIGYIRIW NO SƐE

DOMPE MFEFƐWEE

[Asɛm Fibea]

Source: Arthritis Foundation

[Mfonini ahorow wɔ kratafa 7]

Ɔkwaha betumi ayɛ obiara a mfe a wadi mfa ho

[Mfonini ahorow wɔ kratafa 8]

Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ho nhyehyɛe ne aduandi a ɛfata betumi de ahotɔ kakra aba