Asase ho Nsɛm a Bible Ka So Ɛyɛ Nokware?

OWIA akɔtɔ bere tiaa bi wɔ Palestina. Afe no yɛ 1799. Bere a wɔatu aprenten ɛda a emu yɛ hyew akyi no, Franse Asraafo no abɔ nsraban, na ɔsahene Napoléon rehome wɔ ne ntamadan mu. N’asomfo no mu biako de kyɛnerɛ a ahyerɛn hann no rekenkan Bible den wɔ Franse kasa mu.

Ɛda adi sɛ eyi kɔɔ so wɔ Napoléon sa a otui wɔ Palestina no mu. Akyiri yi ɔkae wɔ n’ankasa asetra mu ho kyerɛwtohɔ mu sɛ: “Bere a yɛwɔ yɛn nsraban mu wɔ saa tete nkurow no amamfõ so no, wɔkenkan Kyerɛwnsɛm no den anwummere biara . . . a nsɛdi ne nokware a nkyerɛkyerɛmu no de ma no yɛ nwonwa: mfehaha a atwam ne nsakrae pii a aba nyinaa akyi no, nkyerɛkyerɛmu no da so ara fata saa ɔman yi.”

Nokwarem no, ɛyɛ mmerɛw ma wɔn a wotu akwan kɔ Mfinimfini Apuei no sɛ wɔde Bible mu nsɛm a esisii bɛtoto mmeae a nsɛm no sisii no ho nnɛ ma afata. Ansa na Franse Asraafo redi Egypt so no, na saa tete asase yi ho biribi ketewaa bi na na wonim no amannɔne. Afei nyansahufo ne nhomanimfo a Napoléon de wɔn kɔɔ Egypt no fii ase daa anuonyam kɛse a na kan Egypt wɔ no adi kyerɛɛ wiase no. Eyi ama ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobetwa ‘nkoasom a ɛyɛ den’ a na Israelfo no wom bere bi no ho mfonini wɔ wɔn adwenem.​—Exodus 1:13, 14.

Anadwo a woyii Israelfo no fii Misraim no, wohyiaam wɔ Rameses na afei wosiim kɔɔ “sare no ano.” (Exodus 12:37; 13:20) Onyankopɔn hyɛɛ wɔn wɔ ha sɛ ‘wɔnnan wɔn ho’ na ‘wɔnkɔbɔ nsra wɔ mpoano.’ Wɔkaa nipadɔm akwantu yi ho asɛm sɛ na wɔrewɔ “ntwɛtwɛdɛ” na Misraim hene ne n’asraafo de akodi nteaseɛnam 600 tiw wɔn sɛ ɔrekɔkyere ne kan nkoa no bio.​—Exodus 14:1-9.

Akwantu No

Sɛnea Josephus, afeha a edi kan no mu abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo, kyerɛ no, Misrifo asraafo kaa Israelfo no “hyɛɛ baabi hihiaa” ne “mmepɔw a wontumi mforo ne po no ntam.” Beae ankasa a Israelfo no twaa Po Kɔkɔɔ no yɛ nea wonnim ankasa nnɛ. Nanso, ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubetwa nsɛm a esisii no ho mfonini wɔ w’adwenem bere a wugyina bepɔw a ɛwɔ Po Kɔkɔɔ no atifi fam no so no. Nea ɛyɛ anigye no, wɔfrɛ bepɔw no Jebel Ataqah, a ase ne “Ogye Bepɔw.” Asasetaw ketewaa bi da bepɔw yi ne Ɛpo Kɔkɔɔ no ntam a ɛyɛ teaa ara kosi baabi a aka kakra ma mmepɔw no ahyɛn po no mu. Asase pa bi da Po Kɔkɔɔ no agya a nsuwansuwa pii wɔ so, a wɔfrɛ no ‘Ayun Musa’, a ase ne “Mose Asubura.” Ɛpo bɔnka a ɛda asase abien yi ntam no sian nkakrankakra nanso esian ntɛm so wɔ mmeae afoforo, na emu dɔ fi mita 9 kosi 18.

Kristoman mu nyamekyerɛfo a wonni gyidi agye anwonwade a Onyankopɔn yɛe bere a ɔmaa Po Kɔkɔɔ no mu paee ma Israelfo tumi faa asase kesee so no ho kyim. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ asɛm no sii Po Kɔkɔɔ no atifi fam beae bi a ɛhɔ yɛ atɛkyɛ a emu nnɔ. Nanso ɛno ne Bible kyerɛwtohɔ a ɛkɔ so ka sɛ wotwaa Po Kɔkɔɔ no wɔ beae a na nsu pii wɔ ma etumi faa Farao ne n’asraafodɔm nyinaa, yiw, ɛmenee wɔn koraa no nhyia.​—Exodus 14:26-31; Dwom 136:13-16; Hebrifo 11:29.

Sinai Sare no So

Bible kyerɛwtohɔ a ɛfa ntwɛtwɛdɛ a Israelfo no wɔe ho no da tebea horow a emu yɛ den a ɛwɔ Sinai supɔw no so no adi. (Deuteronomium 8:15) Nanso, so na ɔman mũ no nyinaa betumi ahyiam wɔ Bepɔw Sinai ase agye Onyankopɔn Mmara no na akyiri yi wɔatwe wɔn ho ‘akogyina akyirikyiri’? (Exodus 19:1, 2; 20:18) So asase a ɛso trɛw yiye a nnipa a wobu wɔn dɔm ano sɛ wosi ɔpepem abiɛsa betumi abom anantew so wɔ hɔ?

Arthur Stanley, afeha a ɛto so 19 mu ɔkwantuni ne Bible ho ɔdenimfo, kɔsraa beae a bepɔw Sinai wɔ na ɔkaa nea ɔne ne kuw no hui bere a wɔforoo bepɔw Ras Safsafa akyi no ho asɛm sɛ: “Sɛnea ɛte wɔ obiara a wahu aka ho asɛm pɛn fam no, enyaa yɛn so tumi amonom hɔ ara . . . Na asasetaw a ɛso yɛ akokɔsrade a emu dɔ na ɛtrɛw yiye a akodu ɔbotan no ase pɛɛ da yɛn anim . . . Sɛ wususuw sɛnea mmepɔw ne asasetaw a ɛtoatoam nnɔɔso koraa wɔ saa beae yi ho a, na ɛyɛ nokwasɛm a wɔaka no ho adanse a edi mu ankasa sɛ wɔatumi ahu saa bepɔw ne asasetaw a ɛtoam yi wɔ tete Sinai mpɔtam hɔ.”

Bɔhyɛ Asase No

Wɔ afe a ɛto so 40 wɔ ntwɛtwɛdɛ a Israel wɔe sare no so mu no, Mose kaa asase a na wɔrebɛkɔ so no ho asɛm sɛ: “[Yehowa] wo Nyankopɔn de wo rekɔ asase pa so, asase a ɛso wɔ nsubɔnten ne nsuaniwa ne atare a efifi abon ne mmepɔw mu sen.”-Deuteronomium 8:7.

Ankyɛ na wohuu nokware a ɛwɔ saa bɔhyɛ yi mu bere a ɔman mũ no nyinaa, mmarima, mmea, mmofra, ne ahɔho hyiaam wɔ Sekem bon a nsu wɔ so a ɛda Mmepɔw Ebal ne Gerisim ase mu no. Mmusuakuw asia gyinaa Bepɔw Gerisim ase. Na mmusuakuw asia a aka no boaa wɔn ho ano wɔ obon no fã foforo a ɛne no di nhwɛanim wɔ Bepɔw Ebal ase tiee ɔsoro nhyira horow a, sɛ ɔman no di Yehowa Mmara no so a wɔn nsa bɛka ne nnome a sɛ wɔanni Onyankopɔn Mmara no so a ɛbɛba wɔn so no. (Yosua 8:33-35) So na ɔkwan a ɛfata da saa obon teateaa yi mu a ɔman no bɛkɔ mu? Na ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔn nyinaa tumi tee asɛm no bere a wɔamfa ɔkasam afiri anni dwuma no?

Na anka Yehowa Nyankopɔn betumi ama Lewifo no nne ayɛ kɛse wɔ anwonwa kwan so. Nanso, ɛda adi sɛ na saa anwonwadeyɛ no ho nhia. Ɛnne nnyigyei wɔ saa obon yi mu ye kyɛn so. Alfred Edersheim, afeha a ɛto so 19 no mu Bible ho ɔdenimfo kyerɛwee sɛ: “Akwantufo nyinaa gye nsɛntitiriw abien yi tom sɛ: 1. Na ɛrenyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛte nsɛm a wɔkaa no obon no mu wo Ebal ne Gerisim nyinaa so. 2. Ɛne sɛ saa mmepɔw abien yi maa Israelfo no nyaa mmeae a ɛso sɛnea ɛfata gyinae.

Willian Thomson, Bible ho ɔdenimfo foforo a ɔtraa ase wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 no mu, kaa osuahu a onyae saa obon no mu ho asɛm wo ne nhoma The Land and the Book no mu sɛ: “Mateɛm atie nne nnyigyei no, na afei misusuw sɛnea ɛyɛe bere a Lewifo de nne kɛse kae sɛ . . . ’Nnome nka onipa a ɔbɛyɛ ohoni a wɔasen, [Yehowa] akyide’ no ho. Ne afei asafo kɛse no nne a ano yɛ den mmɔho du a wɔde gyee so AMEN! a ɛkɔ soro na egyigye fi Ebal ko Gerisim, na efi Gerisim kɔ Ebal no ho.”​—Fa toto Deuteronomium 27:11-15 ho.

Yesreel Bon No

Obon foforo a ɛyɛ asasebere da Sekem atifi fam, asase a ɛba fam sen po na ɛtrɛw yɛ asasetaw kɛse bi mu. Wɔfrɛ saa beae yi nyinaa Yesreel Bon, a wɔde too Yesreel kurow no. Galilea mmepɔw no wɔ obon no atifi fam, baabi a na Yesu kurom Nasaret wɔ. George Smith kyerɛkyerɛ mu wɔ ne nhoma The Historical Geography of the Holy Land mu sɛ, “Nasaret wɔ obon a ɛwowɔ mmepɔw ntam; nanso sɛ wunya foro kɔ saa obon yi ano pɛ a, . . . hwɛ w’ani so ade a wubehu! Ná w’ani tua [Yesreel Bon no]ne . . . n’akono . . . Ɛyɛ Apam Dedaw no mu abakɔsɛm ho mfonini ankasa.”

Wɔ saa asasetaw bon yi mu no, wɔn a wotutu fam hwehwɛ tetefo nneɛma atutu nkurow a Israel ko fae wɔ Yosua nna no mu, Taanak, Megido, Yokneam, ne Kedes amamfõ so. (Yosua 12:7, 21, 22) Wɔ saa beae koro yi ara no, Yehowa gyee ne nkurɔfo anwonwa kwan so fii aman a na wɔtan Israel a na wɔyɛ den yiye nsam wɔ Atemmufo Barak ne Gideon bere so.​—Atemmufo 5:1, 19- 21; 6:33; 7:22.

Mfeha pii akyi no, Ɔhene Yehu faa saa obon yi mu de Yehowa atemmu baa Yesreel ne ɔwaefo Ahab fie so wɔ Yesreel kurow no mu. Na ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobefi ɔwɛn aban a ɛwɔ Yesreel kurow no mu so ahu Yehu asraafo dɔm no sɛ wɔreba akyirikyiri bɛyɛ kilomita 19. Enti na bere pii wɔ hɔ a ɔhene Yehoram de bɛsoma asomafo a wɔte aponkɔ so, nea odi kan ne nea ɔto so abien na awiei koraa no, Israel hene Yehoram ne Yuda hene Ahasia asiesie wɔn nteaseɛnam de akohyia Yehu ansa na wadu Yesreel kurow no mu. Yehu kum Yehoram ntɛm so. Ahasia guanee nanso wopiraa no akyiri yi ma owui wɔ Megido. (2 Ahene 9:16-27) George Smith kyerɛw akodi ahorow te sɛ nea wɔaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no ho asɛm sɛ: “Ɛyɛ nwonwa sɛ kyerɛwtohɔ no mu biara nni hɔ a. . . ɛne asase ho nsɛm nhyia.”

Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ na Yesu taa hwɛ Yesreel Bon no, na osusuw nkonim ahorow a ɛyɛ nwonwa a na wɔadi wɔ hɔ no ho, a na onim sɛ ɔno, sɛ́ Mesia a wɔahyɛ ne ho bɔ no, na ɔrebɛyɛ Barak Ɔkɛse, Gideon Ɔkɛse, ne Yehu Ɔkɛse adwuma de abu Yehowa tumidi bem. Nokwarem no, Bible de Megido, kurow titiriw a ɛwɔ saa asasetaw bon yi mu no di dwuma sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne kwan so beae a wɔbɛko Onyankopɔn ko Harmagedon (a ɛkyerɛ “Megido Bepɔw”) no. Ɛbɛyɛ wiase nyinaa ko a Yesu Kristo, ahene mu hene, no bɛsɛe Onyankopɔn ne Kristofo asafo no, Onyankopɔn nokware asomfo atamfo nyinaa.​—Adiyisɛm 16:16; 17:14.

Bible no ka sɛ bere bi Yudafo a wofi Nasaret a na wɔn bo afuw pɛe sɛ wɔtow Yesu kyene “wɔ bepɔw a wɔn kurow da so no ano sɛ wɔkɔwɔ no akɔmfo” akum no. (Luka 4:29) Nea ɛyɛ anigye no, ɔbotan a ne tenten yɛ mita 12 wɔ Nasaret kurow a ɛwɔ hɔ nnɛ no benkum fam anaafo, a ɛhɔ na ɛbɛyɛ sɛ asɛm yi sii. Yesu guan fii n’atamfo no nsam na Bible no de ka ho sɛ, “ɔkɔɔ Kapernaum.” (Luka 4:30, 31) Nokwarem, Kapernaum wɔ Galilea Po ho, na ɛba fam bɛyɛ mita 200 sen po.

Napoléon akyi no, eyinom ne nkyerɛkyerɛmu afoforo pii ama afoforo ho adwiriw wɔn wɔ asase ho nsɛm a Bible ka a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ no ho. Thomson kyerɛwee wɔ The Land and the Book mu sɛ: “Mmeae a nsɛm sisii a [Bible] no kyerɛ na ɛyɛ ho mfonini no dɔɔso, na ne nyinaa yɛ nokware.” Stanley ka wɔ Sinai and Palestine mu sɛ: “Hyia a abakɔsɛm ho kyerɛwtohɔ ne asase ho nsɛm a ɛwɔ Apam Dedaw ne Foforo no mu hyia bere nyinaa no yɛ nwonwa yiye.”

Nsɛm a ɛfa asase ho a Bible ka a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ no yɛ adanse biako a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nhoma no mfi onipa hɔ. Bible ho nsɛm a ɛte sɛ eyi wɔ Ɔwɛn-Aban ahorow abiɛsa a adi kan aba no mu. Yɛto nsa frɛ wo sɛ ma wo nsa nka bi na nya afã afoforo abiɛsa a ɛwowɔ nsɛm a ɛtoatoa so mu no mu kyɛfa.

[Asase mfonini wɔ kratafa 7]

(Wopɛ nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ no nyinaa a, hwɛ nhoma no mu)

VALLEY OF JEZREEL

Jezreel

Nazareth

Taanach

Megiddo

Jokneam

Kedesh

N

SEA OF GALILEE

GREAT SEA

miles

kilometers

5

10

10

20

[Mfonini Fibea]

Egyina Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est. and Survey of Israel asase mfonini so.

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 5]

Israel nsa kaa Mmara no wɔ Bepɔw Sinai so

[Mfonini Fibea]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.