TETEFO MFONINI
Joseph Priestley
“N’ahokeka yɛ fɛ, ɔmfa n’adwuma nni agorɔ, ɔdwene nnipa ho, otumi wura baabiara, otumi feefee biribiara mu—abrabɔ mu ne nea yɛn ani tua nyinaa. Ɛba nyansahu, nyamesom, ne amanyɔsɛm mu a, ɔwɔ hɔ; ɔde ne ho hyɛɛ [French] Ɔman Anidane mu faa amanehunu ne abɛbrɛsɛ bebree mu. Eyinom nyinaa nti, sɛ yɛreka nnipa a wɔtenaa afe 1701 kosi 1800 a, ɔda mu fua.”—Frederic Harrison, onimdefo.
DƐN paa na Joseph Priestley yɛe a enti yɛreka ne ho asɛm yi? Nneɛma a ohui ne nneɛma a ɔkyerɛwee no, asesa nkurɔfo adwene wɔ aban dwumadi, sɛnea Nyankopɔn te, ne mframa a yɛhome ho.
Nea Priestley kyerɛw nyinaa, nyansahu mu oo, nyamesom mu oo, wanni atetesɛm ne amammerɛ akyi, mmom deɛ ɔkyerɛwee nyinaa gyina nsɛm a ɛyɛ nokware turodoo so. Momma yɛnhwɛ.
ƆHWEHWƐƐ NYANSAHU MU
Ná Joseph Priestley de nyansahu gyigye n’ani kɛkɛ. Afe 1765 mu, ɔne Amerikani nyansahufo Benjamin Franklin hyiae. Ɛno akyi na Priestley fii ase hwehwɛɛ sɛnea anyinam ahoɔden yɛ adwuma. Nea ohu de too gua no yɛɛ ne mfɛfo nyansahufo nwonwa paa, enti afe a edi hɔ no, wɔbɔɔ n’aba so ma ɔkɔkaa Royal Society of London kuw no ho.
Afei Priestley de n’adwene kɔɔ mframa so. Anni da bi na ohui sɛ sɛɛ yɛwɔ mframa ahorow ahorow. Ebi ne ammonia ne nitrous oxide a ebinom frɛ no laughing gas no. Ɔde mframa a yɛfrɛ no carbon dioxide fraa nsuo a yɛnom mu mpo; ɛno na ɛdede mu a yenyaa nsuo a carbon wom.
Afe 1774 mu a Priestley reyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ England anafo no, ohuu mframa bi a ɛma kyɛnerɛ hyerɛn kɛse. Akyiri yi ɔde saa mframa no kakra (60 ml) guu glass mu na ɔde akura hyɛɛ mu. Sɛ mframa a yɛhome yi ara bi na ɔde guu mu a, anka akura no bewu ntɛm. Priestley no ara nso homee saa mframa no bi, na ɔkae sɛ “mframa a ɔhomee no maa ne ho sisii ne ho so.”
Joseph Priestley huu mframa a yɛfrɛ no oxygena na ɔfaa no sɛ mframa biara kɛkɛ—mframa a entumi nhye adeɛ. Nanso na ɛnyɛ nokware. Ɛno mpo nnipa pii fa no sɛ nneɛma a ohui nyinaa, “ɛno ne ade kɛseɛ paa a ɛwom.”
ƆHWEHWƐƐ NYAMESOM MU
Sɛnea Priestley nyaa gyidi sɛ ebinom de wɔn nsusuwii akata nyansahu mu nokwasɛm so no, saa nso na ohui sɛ ebinom de atetesɛm ne mmara-mmara bi akata nyamesom mu nokwasɛm so. Aseresɛm ne sɛ, bere a Priestley de hwehwɛɛ Bible mu nyinaa no, onyaa adwene bi a ɛne Bible nhyia koraa. Baako ne sɛ na onnye nni sɛ Onyankopɔn honhom na wɔde kyerɛw Bible no. Afei nso asɛm a ɛwɔ Bible mu sɛ Yesu tenaa soro ansa na ɔreba asase so no, ná onnye nni.
“Sɛ nokware a obi behu na ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔyɛ nyansahufo de a, ɛnde na Priestley yɛ nyansahufo paa.”—Katherine Cullen, nyansahufo
Nanso nkyerɛkyerɛ bɔne a na ɛkɔ so wɔ asɔre akɛse mu saa bere no ne nnɛ nyinaa no, Priestley bɔ gui. Ɔkyerɛw sɛ, Yesu ne n’asuafo no kyerɛkyerɛɛ nokware no, nanso akyiri yi na ebinom de nkyerɛkyerɛ bi a ɛnyɛ nokware fraa mu. Ebi ne Baasakoro, onipa kra a ebinom kyerɛ sɛ enwu da, ne ahonisom. Eyinom nyinaa Bible bɔ gu.
Ná ɛsono Priestley nkyerɛkyerɛ. Afei nso bere a Amerika ne France ɔman anidane no bae no, ɔkɔtaa wɔn akyi. Eyi nti, Priestley kuromfo ani beree ne so paa. Afe 1791 mu no, aturuturafo bi kɔsɛee ne fie ne baabi a ɔyɛ adwuma, enti oguan kɔɔ United States. Ɛwom, deɛ nkurɔfo de kae Joseph Priestley paa ne nyansahu mu nneɛma a otumi yɛe no, nanso gyidi a onyae ne sɛ, sɛ obi sua Onyankopɔn ho adeɛ na ohu deɛ wabɔ ne tirim sɛ ɔbɛyɛ a, “ɛno ne ade a ehia na nidi wom paa.”
a Ná Swedenni nyansahufo Carl Scheele adi kan ahu saa mframa no, nanso wamfa anto gua. Akyiri yi na Frenchni nyansahufo Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier too mframa no din oxygen.