Maria Sorokɔ—So Ɛyɛ Nkyerɛkyerɛ a Efi Onyankopɔn?

MARIA Sorokɔ—nkyerɛkyerɛ a ɛne sɛ Maria, Yesu ne nã, foro kɔɔ soro honam mu no—yɛ biribi a Roman Katolekfo ɔpepem pii ani ku ho kɛse. Abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo George William Douglas ka sɛ: “Asɔre no fi [tete] asom Maria Sorokɔ Da no sɛ afahyɛ a ɛsom bo sen biara ne ɔsom mu nneɛma atitiriw no mu biako.”

Nanso, Katolek nyamekyerɛfo gye tom sɛ Bible no nka Maria ho asɛm sɛ ɔkɔɔ soro wɔ saa kwan no so. Nokwarem no, Katolekfo kakraa bi na wonim sɛ saa nkyerɛkyerɛ a ɛsom bo ma wɔn no yɛ asɛm a wonhuu ano na wɔagye ho kyim denneennen mfehaha pii mu. Enti ɛyɛɛ dɛn na asɔre no begyee Maria Sorokɔ ho nkyerɛkyerɛ no toom?a So ntease bi wɔ hɔ a wogyina so gye di sɛ nkyerɛkyerɛ no fi Onyankopɔn? Saa nsemmisa yi ho mmuae nyɛ ade a wɔde ano ka ara kwa. Ɛkyerɛ biribi ankasa ma nokware adɔfo nyinaa.

Nea Ɛyɛe a Nkyerɛkyerɛ Bi Bae

Ebia ɛbɛyɛ wo nwonwa sɛ wubehu sɛ na Maria Sorokɔ ho adwene biara nni Kristofo nkyerɛkyerɛ mu wɔ afeha a edi kan no mu wɔ Yesu wu akyi. Katolek nyamekyerɛfo Jean Galot kyerɛw wɔ L’Osservatore Romano mu sɛ: “Mfiase no, na Maria wu a wɔkae ho adwene biara nni Kristofo no mu.”

Nanso, bere a Baasakoro nkyerɛkyerɛ no bɛyɛɛ asɔre nkyerɛkyerɛ no, wofii ase maa Maria kɔɔ so benyaa gyinabea titiriw bi. Wofii ase de abodin akɛse te sɛ, “Onyankopɔn nã”, “nea wɔannyinsɛn no bɔne mu,” “Ɔbea Ntamgyinafo,” ne “Ɔsoro Hemmaa” maa no. Nyamekyerɛfo Galot kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ bere a bere kɔɔ so no, “saa Kristofo yi a wogye toom sɛ Maria yɛ pɛ no ani annye Maria wu a tetefo no buu wɔn ani guu so no ho na wɔpɛe sɛ wɔsom no. Enti wɔde Maria Sorokɔ ho adwene a egyina nnipa dodow no ara nsusuwii so no bae.”

Bɛyɛ afeha a ɛto so anan Y.B. mu no, wofii ase kyerɛw nea wɔfrɛ no Maria sorokɔ no ho adiyi nhoma ahorow. Saa nhoma yi kaa Maria sorokɔ ho asɛm a egyina nnipa nsusuwii so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, susuw asɛm a wɔato din “Onyankopɔn Nã Kronkron no Nna” no ho hwɛ. Wɔakyerɛ sɛ ɔsomafo Yohane na ɔkyerɛwee, nanso ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔkyerɛw no bɛyɛ ɔsomafo Yohane wu akyi mfe 400. Sɛnea kyerɛwtohɔ a ɛyɛ bɔserɛmka yi kyerɛ no, wɔboaboaa Kristo asomafo no ano anwonwa kwan so kɔɔ Maria nkyɛn, beae a wohui sɛ ɔresa anifuraefo, asotifo, ne mpakye yare no. Sɛnea wɔkyerɛ no, awiei koraa no asomafo no tee sɛ Awurade reka akyerɛ Maria sɛ: “Hwɛ, efi nnɛ wɔde wo nipadua a ɛsom bo no bɛkɔ paradise, na wo kra kronkron no bɛka m’Agya agyapade biara a ɛwɔ soro no ho ma ahyerɛn asen biara, nea abɔfo kronkron asomdwoe ne anigye wɔ, na ɛhɔ na wobɛtra daa.”

Agyidifo no yɛɛ wɔn ade dɛn wɔ nkyerɛwee a ɛte sɛɛ ho? Maria ho nkyerɛkyerɛ ho ɔbenfo René Laurentin kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ: “Nea wɔyɛɛ wɔ ho no gu ahorow. Asɛm a wɔka ma ɛyɛɛ dɛ yi daadaa wɔn a wogye asɛm biara di no bere a wɔansusuw ho ankɔ akyiri. Afoforo nnye saa kyerɛwtohɔ a ɛnyɛ pɛ na ɛtaa bɔ ne ho abira na enni nnyinasosɛm biara yi ntom.” Enti ɛkyɛe ansa na wɔregye Maria Sorokɔ ho nkyerɛkyerɛ no atom. Nea ɛmaa ebinom adwenem yɛɛ wɔn basaa kɛse ne som a na nnipa bi som biribi a wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ Maria nipadua ho akwaa ahorow bi wɔ mmeae ahorow bi no. Ná ɛyɛ den sɛ wobetumi ama eyi ne gyidi a ɛne sɛ wɔafa no ɔhonamdua mu kɔ soro no ahyia.

Afeha a ɛto so 13 no mu no, sɛnea nyamekyerɛfo pii kyerɛ no, Thomas Aquinas nso kyerɛe sɛ wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ Maria Sorokɔ no yɛ ɔsom mu nkyerɛkyerɛ, na nea ɛsen ne nyinaa no, “Kyerɛwsɛm no nkyerɛkyerɛ saa.” Nanso, gyidi no kɔɔ so hyetae, na mfoniniyɛfo a wɔagye din te sɛ Raphael, Correggio, Titian, Carracci, ne Rubens kɔɔ so yɛɛ Maria a wosusuw sɛ ɔrekɔ soro ho mfonini pii.

Wɔanhu asɛm no ano araa de besi nnansa yi ara. Sɛnea Jesuitni Giuseppe Filograssi kyerɛ no, Katolekfo nhomanimfo kɔɔ so tintim Maria Sorokɔ ho ɔkyerɛkyerɛ no ho “adesua ne nkyerɛkyerɛmu ahorow a wɔntaa nnye ntom bere nyinaa” araa de besii yɛn afeha yi fã a edi kan no awiei hɔ. Popenom [paapanom] te sɛ Leo XIII, Pius X, ne Benedict XV mpo “ankyerɛ wɔn adwene wɔ asɛm no ho.” Nanso wɔ November 1, 1950 no, asɔre no kyerɛɛ afã a egyina koraa wɔ asɛm no ho. Pope Pius XII de too gua sɛ: “Yegye Maria Sorokɔ no tom sɛ asɔre nkyerɛkyerɛ a efi Onyankopɔn nkyɛn sɛ Onyankopɔn Nã a Onni Bɔne, Maria a ɔyɛ Ɔbaabun daa no, bere a owiee n’asase so asetra no, wɔfaa ne honamdua ne ne kra kɔɔ ɔsoro anuonyam mu.”—Munificentissimus Deus.

Afei na gyidi a ɛne sɛ Maria de honamdua kɔɔ soro no nyɛ Katolekfo ankorankoro gyidi bio—ɛbɛyɛɛ Asɔre nkyerɛkyerɛ afei. Pope Pius XII kae sɛ “sɛ obi . . . pɛ ne ho asɛm gye ho kyim anaa ɔkyerɛ adwenem naayɛ bi wɔ nea Yɛakyerɛkyerɛ mu yi ho a, ɛsɛ sɛ ohu sɛ wapa Ɔsoro ne Katolekfo Gyidi.”

Nea Kyerɛwnsɛm no Ka Ankasa

Nanso dɛn na asɔre no gyinaa so de akokoduru sii gyinae yi? Pope Pius XII kyerɛe sɛ Maria Sorokɔ ho nkyerɛkyerɛ no “fapem gyina Kyerɛw Kronkron no so koraa.” Kyerɛw nsɛm ahorow a wɔtaa twe adwene si so sɛ edi Maria sorokɔ ho adanse no mu biako ne Luka 1:28, 42. Saa nkyekyem yi ka Maria ho asɛm sɛ: “Mo, adom ahyɛ wo ma, Awurade ka wo ho: wɔahyira wo mmea mu . . . , na nhyira ne wo yam ade.” (Douay) Wɔn a wogye di sɛ Maria de honamdua kɔɔ soro no susuw sɛ esiane sɛ na ‘adom ahyɛ Maria ma’ nti, wanwu. Na esiane sɛ na “wɔahyira” no te sɛ ‘ne yam ade’ nti, ɛsɛ sɛ ɔne Yesu nya hokwan ahorow koro—a ɔsoro a ɔkɔe no ka ho. So wugye di sɛ ntease wɔ eyi mu?

Ade biako ne sɛ, kasa ho animdefo ka sɛ, ɛnyɛ asɛm no nkyerɛase ankasa ne “adom ahyɛ wo ma”, na mmom nea Hela mfiase asɛm a Luka de dii dwuma no kyerɛ ankasa ne “nea Onyankopɔn adom no.” Enti Luka 1:28 kenkan wɔ Katolek Jerusalem Bible mu sɛ: “Ma w’ani nnye, wo a wɔadom wo kɛse!” Ntease biara nnim sɛ wɔbɛka sɛ Maria de honamdua kɔɔ soro esiane sɛ Onyankopɔn ‘dom no kɛse’ nti. Wɔkaa Stefano, Kristoni mogya dansefo a odi kan no nso ho asɛm wɔ Katolek Douay Bible no mu sɛ nea wɔadom no kɛse, anaa ‘adom ahyɛ no ma’—na wɔanka ne ho asɛm biara sɛ onyaa owusɔre wɔ ɔhonam mu.—Asomafo no Nnwuma 6:8.

Nanso, so wɔanhyira Maria anaasɛ wɔannom no? Wohyiraa no, nanso nea ɛyɛ anigye ne sɛ, wobuu ɔbea bi a ɔtraa ase wɔ Israel atemmufo no bere so a wɔfrɛ no Yael no sɛ nea “wɔahyira no mmea mu.” (Atemmufo 5:24, Dy) Sɛ saa a, anka obiara bɛka sɛ Yael nso kɔɔ soro wɔ ɔhonam mu. Bio nso, gyidi a ɛne sɛ Maria de Ɔhonamdua kɔɔ soro no nyinaa gyina adwene a ɛne sɛ Yesu ankasa de ɔhonamadua kɔɔ soro no so. Nanso, Bible no ka sɛ wɔmaa Yesu baa ‘nkwa mu,’ anaasɛ wonyan no, wɔ “honhom mu.” (1 Petro 3:18, Dy; fa toto 1 Korintofo 15:45 ho.) Ɔsomafo Paulo ka bio sɛ, “ɔhonam ne mogya ntumi nnya Onyankopɔn ahenni no.”—1 Korintofo 15:42-50, Dy.

Ampa, Bible no ka Kristofo anokwafo a wɔde honhom asra wɔn a wobenya owusɔre akɔ soro ho asɛm. Nanso, 1 Tesalonikafo 4:13-17 ma emu da hɔ pefee sɛ, saa owusɔre no mfi ase kosi “Awurade ba,” wɔ mmere bɔne yi nna a edi akyiri no mu. Enkosi saa bere no, na ɛsɛ sɛ Maria ne Kristofo anokwafo mpempem afoforo pii twɛn wɔ owu mu.—1 Korintofo 15:51, 52.

Maria—Ɔbea Gyidini

Nya awerɛhyem sɛ nea yɛaka yi nkyerɛ sɛ yemmu Maria. Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ na Maria yɛ ɔbea a ɔyɛ nhwɛso pa—obi a ɛfata sɛ yesuasua ne gyidi. Ogyee hokwan ne asɛyɛde a ɛne sɛ ɔbɛyɛ Yesu nã, a sɔhwɛ ne afɔrebɔ ahorow a ebefi mu aba ka ho no nyinaa toom ntɛm so. (Luka 1:38; 2:34, 35) Ɔne Yosef boom tetee Yesu wɔ ɔsoro nyansa mu. (Luka 2:51, 52) Ɔkaa Yesu ho wɔ n’asɛndua so amanehunu no mu. (Yohane 19:25-27) Na sɛ́ osuani nokwafo no, ɔyɛɛ osetie twɛn wɔ Yerusalem nyaa Onyankopɔn honhom a ohwie guu asuafo no so wɔ Pentekoste da no bi.—Asomafo no Nnwuma 1:13, 14; 2:1-4.

Maria ho adwene a wɔakyinkyim no nhyɛ Ɔbɔadeɛ no anaa Maria anuonyam. Nkyerɛkyerɛ a ɛne sɛ Maria foro kɔɔ soro wɔ honam mu no si asɛm a enni nnyinaso a ɛne sɛ Maria yɛ Onyankopɔn ntamgyinafo no so dua. Nanso, so Yesu Kristo kyerɛe da sɛ nkyerɛkyerɛ a ɛte saa yɛ nokware? Nea ɛne eyi bɔ abira no, ɔkae sɛ: “Mene kwan ne nokware ne nkwa; obi mma agya no nkyɛn, gye sɛ ɔnam me so. Sɛ mobɛsrɛ biribi me din mu a, me de, mɛyɛ.” (Yohane 14:6, 14; fa toto Asomafo no Nnwuma 4:12 ho.) Yiw, ɛnyɛ Maria, na mmom Yesu Kristo nkutoo na ɔyɛ ntamgyinafo ma Ɔbɔadeɛ no. Yesu nkutoo so na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛfa kɔ yɛn Nkwamafo no anim kɔhwehwɛ “mmoa wɔ ahohia mu”—ɛnyɛ Maria so.—Hebrifo 4:16, Revised Standard Version, Catholic Edition.

Ebia ɛbɛyɛ ebinom den sɛ wobegye Maria ho nokwasɛm yi atom. Anyɛ yiye koraa no, ɛbɛkyerɛ sɛ wogyaa gyidi ahorow a wɔakura akyɛ ne adwenhorow a ɛsom bo ma wɔn mu. Ɛwom sɛ ɛtɔ dabi a ɛyɛ yaw de, nanso, nokware no ma ‘obi de ne ho’ koraa. (Yohane 8:32) Yesu kae sɛ wɔn a n’Agya hwehwɛ ne wɔn a wɔbɛsom wɔ “honhom ne nokware mu.” (Yohane 4:24, Dy) Saa nsɛm yi yɛ nsɛnnennen ma wɔn a wɔyɛ Katolekfo amapa no.

[Ase hɔ nsɛm]

[Kratafa 27 adaka]

SO MARIA WUI?

So Maria wui ankasa ansa na ɔreforo akɔ soro sɛnea wosusuw no? Katolek nyamekyerɛfo adwenem yɛ wɔn hwanyann wɔ saa asɛm yi ho. Nuovo dizionario di teologia da no adi sɛ “ɛbɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛka sɛ owu nni Maria so tumi, hokwan a na Kristo mpo nni.” Nanso, ka a wɔbɛka sɛ Maria wui ankasa nso ma asɛnnennen foforo sɔre. Nyamekyerɛfo Kari Børresen ka sɛ “owu yɛ mfitiase bɔne no so asotwe, a sɛnea [“Nyinsɛn Kronkron” ho nkyerɛkyerɛ kyerɛ no], enni Maria so tumi.” Ɛnde, na dɛn nti na anka ɛsɛ sɛ owu? Ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ Pope Pius XII de ahwɛyiye kwatii Maria wu ho nsɛm nyinaa bere a ɔrekyerɛkyerɛ asɛm a ɛne sɛ Maria de Ɔhonamdua foro kɔɔ soro mu no.

Nea ɛyɛ anigye ne sɛ, ntease wɔ Bible nkyerɛkyerɛ mu. Baabiara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛkyerɛ—anaa ɛde ho mpopoe bi mpo ma—sɛ ‘wɔannyinsɛm Maria wɔ bɔne mu.’ Nea ɛne no bɔ abira no, ɛkyerɛ sɛ Maria yɛ onipa a ɔnyɛ pɛ a ohia ogye. Esiane eyi nti, bere a ɔwoo Yesu akyi no, ɔkɔɔ asɔrefie hɔ kɔbɔɔ bɔne ho afɔre maa Onyankopɔn. (Leviticus 12:1-8; Luka 2:22-24) Awiei koraa no, Maria wui te sɛ nea adesamma a wɔnyɛ pɛ nyinaa wu no ara pɛ.—Romafo 3:23; 6:23.

Nokwasɛm a emu da hɔ yi ne nsemmisa a wontumi mmua a nkyerɛkyerɛ a ɛne sɛ Maria de Honamdua kɔɔ soro ma ɛsɔre no bɔ abira koraa.

[Kratafa 26 mfonini]

‘Ɔbaabun no Sorokɔ,’ mfonini a Titian yɛe (c.1488-1576)

[Asɛm Fibea]

Giraudon/Art Resource, N.Y.

[Kratafa 28 mfonini]

Ɛdenam bɔne ho afɔrebɔde a ɔde baa asɔrefie hɔ wɔ Yesu awo akyi so no, Maria daa ne ho adi sɛ ɔbɔnefo a ohia ogye