Zina ra Mwari mu Matarhwa e Cigrego e Cikristu

Azii e Bhaibheri anotendera kuti zina ra Mwari, iro rinoimirirhwa no mabhii marongomuna e Tetragrama (יהוה), anooneka kanokwana 7000 mu matarhwa e kutanga e Matarhwa e Cihebheru. Ngokudaro, akawanda anorangarira kuti irona mainga musina mu matarhwa ekutanga e Matarhwa e Cigrego e Cikristu. Ndiyo ndaa, Mabhaibheri akawanda e mazuwa ano aaseenzesi zina ra Djehovha mu Testamento Ipsva. Kunyazi paanoturikira matii e Matarhwa e Cihebheru ano Tetragrama, aturikiri akawanda anocinja zina ra Mwari, oritsiya ngo rokuti “Tenzi.”

Bhaibheri re Nyika Ipsva re Matarhwa Macena, arizi kuteedzera tsika ii inoizwa no anhu akawanda. Irona rinoseenzesa zina rokuti Djehovha kanokwana 237 mu Matarhwa e Cigrego e Cikristu. Paakaita cisananguro ici, aturikiri akarangarira ngezve zviro zviiri izvi zvinokosha: (1) Matarhwa e Cigrego atinawo nyamasi andiwopi akatanga kutarhwa. Pa mamiriyonji e makopiya ariyo, akatarhwa paa padarika makore 200 kubva pakatarhwa matarhwa okutanga. (2) Pa nguwa iyona, aya aikopiyari matarhwa akatsiya Tetragrama inoimirira zina ra Mwari nge Kyʹri·os, soko re Cigrego rinoreya kuti “Tenzi,” kana kuti akakopiyari matarhwa ainga zvatotsiiwa kare zina iri.

Dare re Kuturikira Bhaibheri re nyika Ipsva, rakaona kuti pano zvikonzero zvakanyasa kudjeka zvekuti Tetragrama yaioneka mu matarhwa e Cigrego okutanga. Zvikonzero izvi zvakatsamira pa zvipangidzo zvinoteera:

• Mu makopiya e Matarhwa e Cihebheru akasenzeswa mu mazuwa a Djesu uye e aphostori ake, Tetragrama yaioneka mu tsamba dzese. Kare anhu padoko basi ainga asikazvitenderi. Asi zvino apacina ucazviramba ngokuti pano makopiya e Matarhwa e Cihebheru e mu nguwa yakararama aphostori a Djesu, akaoneka padhuze no Qumran.

• Mu nguwa ya Djesu no aphostori ake, Tetragrama yaionekawo mu Matarhwa e Cihebheru akaturikirhwa eciendeswa mu Cigrego. Mu makore akawanda adarika, aongorori airangarira kuti Tetragrama yainga isikaoneki mu Septuaginta ye Cigrego, kureya Matarhwa e Cihebheru akaturikirhwa mu Cigrego. Pakati pe makore 1950, zvitimbu zvinganani zvokare zvo Septuaginta ye Cigrego zve mu nguwa ya Djesu zvakaongororhwazve no aongorori. Mu zvimatimbu izvona, zina ra Mwari kamare rinooneka rakatarhwa no mabhii e Cihebheru. Mu mazuwa a Djesu, zina ra Mwari raioneka mu makopiya e Matarhwa akaturikirhwa mu Cigrego. Mu makore 300 K.A., matarhwa akawanda e Septuaginta ye Cigrego, akadai hinga Códice Vaticano uye no Códice Sinaítico, ainga aisina zina ra Mwari mu mabhuku a Genesi dakara Marakiya (marainga ririmo mu matarhwa o kare-kare). Ndiyo ndaa, azvishamisi kuti matsamba akacengetedzwa e mu nguwa iyona, aaoneki zina ra Mwari mu Testamento Ipsva, kana kuti mu Matarhwa e Cigrego.

  Pa munamato wake kuna Mwari, Djesu akati: “Ndakauya mu zina ra Baba angu.” Iyena akadjekesawo kuti mabasa ese aiita, aiyaita mu “zina ra Baba” ake

• Matarhwa e Cigrego e Cikristu, awona kamare anoreketa kuti kakawanda Djesu aiseenzesa zina ra Mwari uye aiita kuti amweni ariziye. (Juau 17:6, 11, 12, 26) Pa munamato wake kuna Mwari, Djesu akati: “Ndakauya mu zina ra Baba angu.” Iyena akadjekesawo kuti mabasa ese aaiita, aiyaita mu “zina ra Baba” ake.—Juau 5:43; 10:25.

• Sezvo Matarhwa e Cigrego e Cikristu akafemerhwa na Mwari hinga zvainga zvakaita Matarhwa macena e Cihebheru, hino azvina musoro kubudiswa ke zina ra Mwari mu Matarhwa e Cigrego. Mu nguwa ye aphostori a Djesu, mufundi Tiyago wakabhuya ku akuru e ungano ainga ari ku Djerusarema kuti: “Simiyoni wanyasa kupanganidza kuti Mwari akatanga kudini kurangarira ngezve madzinza amweni kuti abvise pakati pawo anhu e zina rake.” (Zviito 15:14) Zvainga zvisina musoro kuti Tiyago abhuye izvona kudai painga pasina munhu umwe hake waiziya kana kuseenzesa zina ra Mwari.

• Mu Matarhwa e Cigrego e Cikristu, zina ra Mwari rinooneka rakaita zve kugurisirhwa. Pana Zvakapangidzwa 19:1, 3, 4, 6, zina ra Mwari rinoita dii ro soko rokuti “Areruya,” rakabva pa soko ro Cihebheru rinoreya kuti “Kudzai Djah.” “Djah” i zina re kugurisira ra Djehovha. Mu Matarhwa e Cigrego e Cikristu, muno mazina akawanda anobva pa zina ra Mwari. Zvezvirokwazvo, kuno mabhuku akawanda anopangidza kuti zina ra Djesu rinoreya kuti “Djehovha ndi Muponesi.”

• Matarhwa e kare e Cidjudha anopangidza kuti Akristu e Cidjudha aiseenzesa zina ra Mwari mu matarhwa awo. Tosefta, bhuku rimweni rakatarhwa mitemo yaiizwa zvekurekethwa rakapera kutarhwa mu makore 300 K.A., rinoti ngezve matarhwa e Cikristu aipiswa mu zuwa ro Sabudu: “Anopisa mabhuku e atari e Vhangeri no mabhuku e minim [pamweni ainga ari e Akristu e Cidjudha], uye awona [aphikisi] aaponesi pa muriro.” Maererano no bhuku irona, rinoti Rabhi umweni unozwi Yosé we ku Garireya, uwo wakararama pa kutanga ke zana re makore rokutanga K.A., wakabhuya zvaiizwa pa mazuwa amweni e sumana eciti: “Munhu anoceka ocengeta pese pano zina ra Mwari maari, [pamweni pari kureya mu matarhwa e Cikristu] pedzepo opisa zvimweni zvese.”

• Azii amweni e Bhaibheri anotendera kuti zina ra Mwari pamweni rainga riri mu matii e Matarhwa e Cihebheru ari mu Matarhwa e Cikristu e Cigrego. Pa musoro wakazwi “Tetragrama mu Testamento Ipsva,” iri mu bhuku rinozwi The Anchor Bible Dictionary, pano masoko okuti: “Pane upupuri wekuti Tetragrama ino zina ra Mwari rokuti “Yahweh,” raioneka mu T[estamento] I[psva] mu mabhuku amweni kana kuti mu mabhuku ese o T[estamento] Y[okare] pakatanga kutarhwa Matarhwa o Testamento Ipsva.” Uye muzii umweni unozwi George Howard unoti: “Sezvo Tetragrama rainga riciri kutarhwa mu mabhuku e Bhaibheri re Cigrego [Septuaginta] awo ainga ano Matarhwa aisenzeswa no gereja rokutanga, zviri nyore kutendera kuti atari e T[estamento] I[psva] paaitara dii ro Matarhwa o kare, awona aisiya Tetragrama mukati mo tsamba yo Bhaibheri.”

• Aturikiri e Bhaibheri anoreremedzwa, akaseenzesa zina ra Mwari mu Matarhwa e Cigrego e Cikristu. Amweni akhona akaita izvona kare Bhaibheri re Nyika Ipsva risati rabudiswa. Onai aturikiri aya uye no mabhuku aakaturikira pa mundandanda unoteera: A Literal Translation of the New Testament . . . From the Text of the Vatican Manuscript, rakaturikirhwa na Herman Heinfetter (1863); The Emphatic Diaglott, rakaturikirhwa na Benjamin Wilson (1864); The Epistles of Paul in Modern English, rakaturikirhwa na George Barker Stevens (1898); St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, rakaturikirhwa na W. G. Rutherford (1900); The New Testament Letters, rakaturikirhwa na J.W.C. Wand, Bispo de Londres (1946). Uyezve, mu Bhaibheri ro Ciespanyori rakaturikirhwa mu kutanga ke makore e 1900, muturikiri unozwi Pablo Besson wakaseenzesa zina rokuti “Jehová” pana Ruka 2:15 uye pana Djudha 14. Iyena wakaseenzesa zina ra Mwari mu Bhaibheri irona kanokwana kuita 100 pa masoko e pasi. Pasati patobviswa turikiro idzi, Mabhaibheri amweni e Cihebheru e Matarhwa e Cigrego e Cikristu, akaturikirhwa kutangira mu makore 1500 zvecienda mberi, akaseenzesa Tetragrama mu mavhersikuro akawanda. Mu mureketero we Ciaremanya basi, zina rokuti “Djehovha” (kana kuti kutarhwa karo mu Cihebheru “Yahweh”) unoseenzesa mu maturikiro awo e Matarhwa e Cigrego e Cikristu, kanokwana kuita 11 uye aturikiri amweni anokwana kuita arongomuna akatunhudzira zina rokuti “Djehovha” mukati mo parenti pamberi po zina ro kureremedza rokuti “Tenzi.” Kupinda izvona, turikiro dzinodarika 70 dzo Ciaremanya dzinoseenzesa zina ra Mwari mu masoko e pasi kana kuti mu masoko e kutunhudzira. Mu Ciputukezi, Bhaibheri rinozwi Evangelho Segundo S.Mattheus, rakaturikirhwa na Padri Santana (1909), rinoseenzesa zina ra Mwari. Zvino uno, Bhaibheri ro Cifranseji rinozwi Bible de Chouraqui (1985), rakaturikirhwa mu Ciputukezi ndi Leneide Duarte na Leila Duarte (1996 uye 1997), rinoseenzesa Tetragrama mu Matarhwa e Cigrego e Cikristu.

  

• Turikiro dzo Bhaibheri dzinodarika 100 dzino zina ra Mwari mu Matarhwa e Cigrego e Cikristu. Mireketero yakawanda ye ku Afrika, Amerika, Aziya, Europa, uye no yo ku zvitsuwa zvo ku Pasifiko, inoseenzesa zina ra Mwari yakasudzunuka. (Onai mundandanda uri pa mapajina 546 uye 547.) Aturikiri e Mabhaibheri aya akasanangura kuseenzesa zina ra Mwari ngo zvikonzero zvakaezana no zvarekethwa mu ndima dzadarika. Mabhaibheri amweni e Matarhwa e Cigrego e Cikristu akabva kubudiswa mu nguwa dzadarika, akaita hinga Bhaibheri ro Rotuman (1999), rinoseenzesa zina rokuti “Jihova” kanokwana 51 mu mavhersikuro 48, uye Bhaibheri re Batak (Toba) (1989) ro ku Indoneziya, rinoseenzesa zina rokuti “Jahowa” kanokwana 110.

  

Zviri pamhene kuti pano zvikonzero zvakanyasa kudjeka zve kuhwirinza zina ra Mwari rokuti Djehovha mu Matarhwa e Cigrego e Cikristu. Ndizvona kamare zvakaizwa no aturikiri e Bhaibheri re Nyika Ipsva. Awona anoreremedza maningi zina ra Mwari uye anothya kubvisa ciro cipi haco cainga ciri mu Matarhwa e kutanga.—Zvakapangidzwa 22:18, 19.