Niireke Wira Yookhala Esiiri Eniiriha Etthoko Ohakalala?

1. Nthowa xeeni itthoko sowiiraana sinitthuneya aya wa apinaatamu?

ETTHOKO ti murehereryo wa khalaixa ori valaponi, nto murehereryo ola ti wootthuneyexa wa apinaatamu. Mu soohimmwa sa apinaatamu, itthoko sowiiraana sinnikhaliherya maloko okhala oowiiraana. Etthoko ti murehereryo woolokexa onikhaliherya waahuwa anamwane wira yinnuwe mookhalela.

2-5. (a) Mutthokiherye ovareleleya mwaana onikhalana awe vatthokoni yoohakalala. (b) Mixankiho xeeni sirina aya itthoko sikina?

² Etthoko yoohakalala nipuro noosukeya. Mu okathi vakhaani, nkahaya muupuwelele ele eniiraneya mu etthoko yoohakalala. Nuumala olya yoolya ya ohiyu, anamuyari annikilaathi ni anaaya anavaanela. Moohakalala anamwane annaaleela anamuyari aya ele yiiranen’ye oxikola. Okathi owo woomumula onivaanela aya vamosa, onnaalipiha atthu otheene, wira yawerye oxintta mixankiho sa nihiku na meelo.

³ Mu etthoko yoohakalala, mwaana onnisuwela wira tiithi awe ni maama awe anrowa omukhapelela okathi vaniwereiwa awe, waaniheryasa aranttelanaka oxipitaali ohiyu. Owo onnisuwela wira pooti orowa wa maama awe aahiiso tiithi awe wira aaleele mixankiho sawe sa omiravo, moophavela ovahiwa miruku ni okhaliheriwa. Aayo, mwaana onnoona okhala oovareleleya, moohicikha etthu sa mixankiho sinceene sinikhumelela mulaponi.

⁴ Vaavo anamwane vaninnuwa aya, annilipelela othela ni waayara anaaya. Muhapo mmosa wa oJapão onihimya wira: “Mutthu onnaavaha efaita anamuyari awe nuumala oyara”. Yooniheryaka oxukhuru wuulupale ni ophenta, nuumala wunnuwa anniimananiha wira itthoko saya sikhaleke soohakalala, nave-tho annaakhapelela anamuyari aya vano yuuluvanle, nto anamuyari awo annisiveliwa okhala vamosa ni axisulwaaya.

⁵ Waaniheryasa vano nyuwo munuupuwela so: ‘Miyo kinniphenta etthoko aka, masi khenlikana ni ele etthokiheriwe vasulu va. Miyo ni amwaaraka ninvara muteko mu okathi woovirikana, nto khinnikhala vamosa mu okathi munceene. Ikwaha sinceene ninnivaanela voohimya sa othowa musurukhu’. Aahiiso niireke wira nyuwo munihimya so: ‘Anaaka ni axisulwaaka anikhala muttetthe mukina, nto miyo nkinaawehasa’? Ikwaha sinceene, mwaha wa mathowa atthu awo ahiniwerya aya weettiherya, itthoko sinceene khasinhakalala. Masi atthu akina aakhalana itthoko soohakalala. Moota xeeni? Niireke wira yookhala esiiri eniiriha etthoko okhala yoohakalala? Aayo, yookhala. Masi nihinatthi othokorerya esiiri eyo, hiyo nohaana waakhula nikoho nootthuneya vanceene.

ETTHOKO EXEENI?

6. Muthinto xeeni wa etthoko enrowa ahu othokorerya muliivuruni-mu?

⁶ Itthoko sinceene sinikhala tiithi, maama, ni anamwane. Vaavo vaniweryaneya aya, axitaata ni axipiipi waaniheryasa anikhala mekhaya owannyeya. Nnaamwi yaathokoreryaka amusi awo anikhala ottaiwene, khanivekeliwa waakhapelela moomalela. Muthinto wa etthoko ninrowa ahu othokorerya mu eliivuru ela ti yoole onikhala tiithi, maama ni anamwane. Masi, mahiku ala sookhala mithinto sikina sa itthoko, eyo piiyo, tiithi aahiiso maama onaahuwa anamwane mekhawe, etthoko erina namuyari oowaaphwanya anamwane, ni anamuyari avalanne.

7. Itthoko sikina sinikhala sai?

⁷ Eri etthu yoolema wa maloko makina okhalaka vatthokoni-vo amusi a mulopwana aahiiso a muthiyana. Vaaweryaneyaka vale, axitaata wala axipiipi a itthoko iyo, annikhapeleliwa ni anaaya mooranttelana, nave-tho amusi ahiyariwe vatthokoni vaavale annikhapeleliwa. Mwa ntakiheryo, axineene etthoko eyo waaniheryasa annikhaliherya waakhapelela, waahuwa, ni waaliverya oxikola axisulwaaya, aahiiso amusi ahiyariwe vatthokoni vaavale. Malamulo anrowa othokoreriwa muliivuruni-mu annivariheleya-tho muteko wa itthoko seiye sinikhala amusi ahiyariwe vatthokoni-vo.

ETTHOKO ERI MMIXANKIHONI

8, 9. Mixankiho xeeni siniiraneya ilapo sikina sinooniherya wira makhalelo a emusi annivirikana?

⁸ Nnaamwi variipihaka murima ohimya, olelo va mikhalelo sa itthoko sinnirukunuwa mmukhalelo woohiloka. Ntakiheryo nimosa ti na wÍndia, weiwo muthiyana ootheliwa waaniheryasa vanikhala awe ni amusi a iyawe ni vanivara awe muteko ohooleliwaka ni amusi awo. Nto, mahiku ala, khahiyo etthu yootikiniha waaweha athiyana ootheliwa a wÍndia aphavelaka muteko ota. Hata vari siiso, woonasa wene anniwehereriwa wira ahaana waakhwaniherya miritti saya seephattu vatthokoni. Nikoho nimpakiwa mu ilapo sinceene ti nna: Mwaattelo wa muteko onivara awe vatthokoni muthiyana yoole onivara muteko ota, okhaleke sai nalikanyiha ni amusi akina a vatthokoni-vo?

⁹ Mu ilapo sa Onikhuma Nsuwa, mweephattu atthu annithokorerya vanceene wiiraana wa emusi aya. Masi mwaha wa makhalelo a atthu a ilapo sa Onikela Nsuwa, ni mixankiho sinikhumelela mwaha wa othowa musurukhu, itthoko sinikhala amusi ahiyariwe vaavale sinnivukuwa. Nto atthu anceene annoona waakhapelela amusi aya oowuuluvala okhala muritti woolemela, ohiya okhala eparakha. Anamuyari akina oowuuluvala khanttittimihiwa. Tthiri, ohittittimihiwa ni ohithokoreriwa wa atthu awo oowuuluvala, onniiraneya ilapo sinceene olelo va.

10, 11. Exeeni enooniherya wira makhalelo a etthoko annivirikana mu ilapo sa wEuropa?

¹⁰ Omwalana onootepa wuncerereyaka. Ospanha, wanipacerya wa mwaakha wa 1990, eriyari ya ikasamento 8, emosa yaanimwalana. Nto nalikanyiha ni iyaakha 25 sivinre, nummuru nna nihaatta, okhala wira eriyari ya ikasamento 100, emosa paahi ti yaamwalana. Elapo ya oGrã-Bretanha, wEuropa, yeeyo erina ikasamento sinceene sinimwalaniwa (mu ikasamento 10 sinnimwalana 4), ninnincerereya nummuru na anamuyari anaahuwa anamwane mekhaya.

¹¹ Woonasa wene atthu anceene a wAlemanha annihiya makhalelo aya eephattu voohimya sa etthoko. Mwaakha wa 1990, wAlemanha, 35 pursento sa itthoko saakhala mutthu mmosa paahi, ni 31 pursento yaakhala atthu anli paahi. Nave-tho atthu a oFrança khanaattela olepiha ekasamento aya, hata ale anlepiha annaattela omwalana vahipinse. Atthu anceene anithanla okhalaka hoothe ahilepinhe ekasamento aya. Etthu emosa-ru enniiraneya molumwenku wotheene.

12. Anamwane anihaawa sai mwaha wa ovirikana wa makhalelo a etthoko?

¹² Sai voohimya sa anamwane? WEstados Unidos ni ilapo sikina sinceene, anamwane anceene aniyariwa ni anamuyari ahilepihanne, ni akina aniyariwa n’amiravo oohinnuwa. Athiyana anceene arina iyaakha okhuma 13 mpakha 19 aakhalana anamwane anceene, khuta mwaana ni tiithi awe. Mihupi sinikhuma ilapo sotheene sinnilavula sa anamwane imilyau sene anikhala mustaraatani; anceene anitthyawa ohaaxiwa mmawannyeya aahiiso animoomoliwa ni anamuyari aya okhala wira khaniwerya-tho waakhapelela.

13. Mixankiho xeeni suulanne siniiriha itthoko ohihakalala?

¹³ Aayo, etthoko eri mmixankihoni. Ohiya ele ehimmwale, orukunuwela wa amiravo, ohithokoreriwa wa anamwane, ohaaxana wa anamathelana, ohapaliwa, ni mixankiho sikina sootakhala, sinniiriha itthoko sinceene ohihakalala. Anamwane anceene ni atthu oowunnuwela, khanoona etthoko okhala nipuro anikhala aya saana.

14. (a) Moovarihana ni atthu akina, nthowa xeeni etthoko ery’aya mmixankihoni? (b) Moota xeeni mulopwana mmosa oosuwelexiwa aakhala eseekulu yoopacerya, aatthokihenrya awe mikhalelo sa olelo va, nto waakhwanela wa masu awe anihapuwela sai etthoko?

¹⁴ Nthowa xeeni etthoko ery’aya mmixankihoni? Atthu akina anivaha nthowa mwaha woowi athiyana annivara miteko saavariwa ni alopwana. Akina anivaha nthowa mwaha wa ohononeya wa mweettelo wooloka olelo va. Aakhala mathowa makina anihimmwa. Etthu yowiiraka iyaakha ikonto piili sivinre, mulopwana mmosa oosuwelexiwa, aahihimya wira saarowa okhumelela vatthokoni mixankiho sinceene, vaavo aalempe awe oriki: “Musuwelexe wira, okathi wokiserya, anophiya mahiku òxanka. Atthu anrowa wisupuwelaka mmansaya pahi, anrowa okhala anamilili, anrowa wittottopaka ni wisona. Awo anonveha Muluku, anokhala òhiwìwelela anamuyari aya, òhixukhuru, òhittittimiha itthu sowarya, òhiphenta, òhimoriwa ikharari, òwòtherya akhw’aya, òhisumaliha, òwali, òvirikanya sorera sothene, anamalupattha, òwakuva onanariwa, òsareya wisona, òphavela sopuha, òmuhiya Muluku”. (2 Timótheyo 3:1-4) Mutthu xeeni onrowa ovaanya wira itthu iya sinniiraneya olelo va? Nto okhala wira elapo yookhalana mikhalelo iyo siromoliwe, niireke wira ninnitikhina mwaha aya itthoko sinceene siri aya mmixankihoni?

ESIIRI YA ETTHOKO YOOHAKALALA

15-17. Mu eliivuru ela, exeeni enihimmwa okhala nipuro noororomeleya nenno nimphwanyaneya esiiri eniiriha etthoko okhala yoohakalala?

¹⁵ Khuta opuro sinniphwanyaneya miruku sinivahiwa voohimya sa moota woophwanya ohakalala vatthokoni. Anakhulu anceene a mmuttettheni annaavaha miruku anamathelana, moovarihana ni makhalelo a opuro anikhala aya. Etthu yooxankiha ti yoowi, khuta nakhulu onivaha miruku soovirikana, ni miruku sinivareleya muteko olelo va pooti ohivareleya muteko meelo.

¹⁶ Nto, ninrowa ophavela woowi miruku soororomeleya wira etthoko yeetteke saana? Niireke wira mwaarowa ophavela eliivuru emalihiwe olempwa waya iyaakha sowiiraka 1.900 ottuli? Aahiiso mwaarowa woonaka wira eliivuru ntoko eyo khenivareleya-tho muteko? Ekeekhai ti yoowi, esiiri y’ekeekhai eniiriha etthoko okhala yoohakalala eniphwanyaneya mu eliivuru eyo paahi.

¹⁷ Eliivuru eyo ti Biibiliya. Moovarihana ni sowooniherya sotheene, Biibiliya uupuxeriwe ni Muluku mwaneene. MBiibiliyani ninniphwanya masu ala anittharelana: “Solempwa sothene supuxeriwé ni Muluku, khukhalihiwa wira sixuttiheke ekekhai, savanyiheke ale anvonya, sattaruxeke ale anttheka, siwettiheke atthu ephiro ya xariya”. (2 Timótheyo 3:16) Mu eliivuru ela, hiyo ninrowa wootumereryani othokorerya moota Biibiliya oniwerya awe wookhaliheryani olokiherya itthu okathi oneettiherya anyu mixankiho sinikhumelela vatthokoni olelo va.

18. Nthowa xeeni vary’aya voophwanelela omweemererya Biibiliya okhala eliivuru eniwerya ovaha miruku voohimya sa othelana?

¹⁸ Akhala wira muniphavela okhootta muupuwelelo woowi Biibiliya onniwerya okhaliherya itthoko okhala soohakalala, nkahaya muthokorerye etthu ela: Ole omuupuxenrye Biibiliya ti Mpattuxa a murehereryo wa othelana. (Maphattuwelo 2:18-25) Biibiliya onihimya wira nsina nawe ti Yehova. (Esalimo 83:18, Tradução do Novo Mundo) Owo ti Mpattuxa ni ‘Tithi a itthoko sothene sa wirimu ni sa vathí’. (aÉfeso 3:14, 15) Yehova onniweha etthoko, okhuma vaavale aapattunxe awe apinaatamu. Onnisuwela mixankiho sinrowa okhumelela ni onnivaha miruku wira siphukiweke mixankiho iyo. Mu okathi wotheene wa soohimmwa sa apinaatamu, atthu yaale tthiri avarihenle muteko vatthokoni vaya malamulo a mBiibiliyani, aaphwanya ohakalala vanceene.

19-21. Soohimmwa xeeni sa niinano sinooniherya wira Biibiliya ookhalana owerya wa ophuka myaha sa anamathelana?

¹⁹ Mwa ntakiheryo, muthiyana mmosa ootheliwa elapo ya wIndonésia aahipahuwa ni omweetta xooku. Mu iyaakha sinceene, khaathokorerya anaawe araru ni ikwaha sinceene aanaakhulana ni iyawe. Nuumala-vo aahipacerya omusoma Biibiliya. Vakhaani-vakhaani, muthiyana ola aahipacerya okupali ele Biibiliya aahimya awe. Vaavo aavarihela awe muteko miruku sa Biibiliya, aahikhala muthiyana ootheliwa ooloka. Wiimananiha wawe mu ovarihela muteko malamulo a mBiibiliyani, wookumiherya ohakalala etthoko awe yotheene.

²⁰ Ospanha, muthiyana mmosa ootheliwa onihimya so: “Hiyo naamalinhe mwaakha mmosa paahi nithelanne ene, masi naahipacerya okhalana mixankiho suulupale”. Muthiyana owo ni iyawe khiyaavarihana oratteene, yaattela waakhulana masi yavaanela vakhaani. Nnaamwi yaarina mwaana mwaamuthiyana mwaamukhaani, awo yaahilakela ovalaana moovarihana ni kuvernu. Masi, ahinatthi ovalaana, yaahitumereriwa omusoma Biibiliya. Yaahisoma miruku sa Biibiliya voohimya sa mulopwana oothela ni muthiyana ootheliwa, ni khupacerya ovarihela muteko miruku iyo. Ohinatthi ovira okathi munceene, yaaniwerya ovaanela mwa murettele, ni etthoko aya ele yaamukhaani yaahiiraana moohakalala.

²¹ Nave-tho, Biibiliya onnaakhaliherya atthu oowuuluvala. Mwa ntakiheryo, nkahaya muthokorerye etthu yiiranen’ye ni anamathelana amosa a oJapão. Mulopwana owo aari oowaakuva opaceya, nto ikwaha sikina aanikhala owali. Wanipacerya, aana aaxithiyana a anamathelana ale yaahipacerya omusoma Biibiliya, nnaamwi anamuyari aya yaakhoottiherya. Nto, mulopwana ole aahaatthara anaawe ale khiyamusoma Biibiliya, masi amwaarawe nlelo yaanikhootta omusoma. Nuuvira iyaakha, amwaarawe yaahipacerya oweha mireerelo saakhumelela vatthokoni vaya, mwaha wa ovarihela muteko malamulo a Biibiliya. Muthiyana ole aanikhapeleliwa oratteene ni anaawe awe, nave-tho iyawe aahikhala mutthu ooreera murima. Mirukunuxo iyo saahimwiiriha muthiyana ole omusoma Biibiliya, nave-tho Biibiliya aahilokiherya mukhalelo awe. Muthiyana ola oowuuluvala aamakela ohimya wira: “Hiyo nookhala anamathelana eekeekhai”.

22, 23. Biibiliya onaakhaliherya sai atthu a maloko otheene ophwanya ohakalala vatthokoni vaya?

²² Atthu ala anniirela mpantta muttitthi w’atthu anceene yiixuntte esiiri ya etthoko yoohakalala. Atthu awo ahaakhulela miruku sa Biibiliya ni khuvarihela muteko. Ekeekhai wira atthu awo anikhala elapo yeela yootakhala, erina mweettelo woohiloka, ni erina mixankiho mwaha wa othowa musurukhu. Nave-tho awo atthu oottheka, masi annihakalala mwaha woowi anniimananiha opaka yootthuna ya Mpattuxa a murehereryo wa etthoko. Ntoko sinihimya awe Biibiliya, Yehova Muluku ti ‘Ole oniwixuttihani wira mphwanyeke sorera: ti Ole oniwettihani ephiro erinanyu otthara’.​—Yesaya 48:17.

²³ Nnaamwi Biibiliya omalihiwe ene olempwa iyaakha sowiiraka ikonto piili ottuli, miruku sawe sinnivareleya tthiri muteko olelo va. Biibiliya khahiyo eliivuru ya wAmerica aahiiso ilapo sa Onikela Nsuwa, masi olepeliwe atthu otheene. “Mwa mutthu mmosaru Muluku ohakumiha atthu a maloko othene”, ni Owo onnisuwela epakeliwo ya apinaatamu molumwenkuni motheene. (Miteko s’Arummwa 17:26) Malamulo a Biibiliya annivareleya muteko wa khuta mutthu. Akhala wira munoovarihela muteko malamulo awo, nyuwo-tho munoosuwela esiiri ya etthoko yoohakalala.