Te ʼu Tāmai ʼo Te ’Ēkelesia Neʼe Nātou Lagolago Koa Ki Te Moʼoni Faka Tohi-Tapu?

Peʼe koutou Kilisitiano peʼe kailoa, ʼe lagi feala pe ke nātou fakalotoʼi takotou faʼahiga mahino ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼAtua ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, mo Sesu pea mo te Lotu Faka Kilisitiano. ʼE ʼi ai te tahi ʼe higoa ko Gutu Aulo; ko te tahi ʼe fakahigoaʼi ko te Lahi. Ko nātou ʼaia, ʼe lau ko “te kau fakafofoga lahi ʼaia ʼo te maʼuli ʼo Kilisito.” Ko ai ia nātou ʼaia? ʼE ko te kau faʼufaʼu ʼo te ʼu manatu faka lotu, ko te kau tagata faitohi, ko te kau teolosia, pea ʼe ko te kau tagata filosofia ʼaē kua mulimuli tāfito kiai te manatu ʼaē “ ʼe lau ko te manatu faka Kilisitiano” ʼo te temi ʼaenī—te ʼu Tāmai ʼo te ’Ēkelesia.

ʼE ʼUI e te tagata faiako Keleka ʼo te ʼu ako faka lotu ko Demetrios J. Constantelos: “Ko te Tohi-Tapu ʼe mole ko te folafola katoa ʼaia ʼo te ʼAtua. Ko te Laumālie Maʼoniʼoni ʼaē ʼe ina fakahā te folafola ʼo te ʼAtua, ʼe mole feala ke nofo ʼi he ʼu pasina ʼo he tohi.” Koteā he tahi age meʼa ʼe feala hatatou falala kiai pea mo tou ʼui ʼe ko he meʼa neʼe fakahā mai e te ʼAtua? ʼE ʼui fēnei e Constantelos ʼi tana tohi Understanding the Greek Orthodox Church: “ ʼE lau ʼe haʼu te Talatisio Taputapu mo te Tohi-Tapu mai te ʼAtua.”

ʼE kau ki te fakatafito ʼo te “Talatisio Taputapu” ʼaia te ʼu akonaki pea mo te ʼu tohi ʼa te ʼu Tāmai ʼo te ’Ēkelesia. Neʼe ko te kau tagata fai teolosia maʼuhiga mo fai filosofia “Kilisitiano,” neʼe maʼuʼuli ʼi te vaha ʼo te lua pea mo te nima sēkulō ʼo totatou temi. Neʼe lave feafeaʼi tanatou ʼu manatu ki te manatu faka “Kilisitiano” ʼo te temi ʼaenī? Neʼe ʼalutahi koa ʼanatou ʼu akonaki mo te Tohi-Tapu? Maʼa he tisipulo ʼa Sesu Kilisito koteā ʼaē ʼe tonu ke fakatafito mālohi kiai te moʼoni faka Kilisitiano?

Ko He Kamataʼaga Faka Hisitolia

ʼI te vaelua ʼo te lua sēkulō ʼo totatou temi, ko nātou neʼe nātou lau ʼe ko he kau Kilisitiano, neʼe tonu ke nātou fakahā mālohi tanatou tui ia muʼa ʼo te kau fai fakataga Loma pea mo te kau heletiko. Kae neʼe ko he temi neʼe hahaʼi fau ai te kau tagata fai teolosia. Ko te meʼa ʼaē neʼe hoko ʼaki te ʼu talaga faka lotu ki te ʼuhiga ʼatua ʼo Sesu ʼo feiā mo te natula pea mo te ʼu gāue ʼa te laumālie maʼoniʼoni, ʼe ko te ʼu maveuveu ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼu fakakaukau. Ko te ʼu tokakovi ʼaia ʼo ʼuhiga mo te akonaki “faka Kilisitiano” neʼe mafola atu ki te faʼahi faka politike ʼo feiā mo te faʼahi ʼo te agaʼi fenua, ʼo fakatupu ai ʼi ʼihi temi he ʼu maveuveu, he ʼu agatuʼu pea mo te ʼu tau. ʼE tohi fēnei e te tagata fai hisitolia ko Paul Johnson: “Neʼe kamata te Lotu Faka Kilisitiano [ʼaposita] ʼi te maveuveu, mo te fefakafeagaiʼaki pea mo te tahi ʼalu pea neʼe hoko atu feiā. . . . Ko te ʼu koga meʼa ʼo te loto fenua pea mo te potu esite ʼo te Metitelanea, neʼe lahi ʼaupito ai te ʼu manatu faka lotu, ʼo nātou tahi faigaʼi ke nātou mafola. . . . Koia, talu mai te kamata, neʼe kua ʼi ai te ʼu faʼahiga Lotu Faka Kilisitiano kehekehe kae neʼe mole lahi he ʼu manatu ʼe nātou faifaitahi ai.”

Lolotoga te temi ʼaia, neʼe kamata kaugamālie te kau hahaʼi maʼu fakakaukau pea mo te kau tagata faitohi ʼaē neʼe nātou manatu neʼe kua tonu ke fakamahino te ʼu akonaki faka “Kilisitiano” ʼaki he ʼu manatu faka filosofia. Moʼo fakafimālieʼi te kau pagani popoto ʼaē neʼe hoki nātou tafoki ki te “Lotu Faka Kilisitiano,” neʼe faka ʼalutahi e te kau tagata faitohi faka lotu te ʼu manatu faka Keleka ʼo te temi muʼa mo te ʼu manatu faka Sutea. ʼO kamata ʼaki ia Justin le Martyr (100 ki te 165 ʼo totatou temi), ʼaē neʼe faitohi ʼi te lea faka Keleka, neʼe liliu ia nātou ʼaē neʼe nātou lau ko he kau Kilisitiano, ʼo faiva ʼi te fakaʼaogaʼi ʼo tonatou tofiʼa faka filosofia mai te kau Keleka.

Ko te faʼahiga fai ʼaia neʼe ʼiloga lelei ʼi te ʼu tohi ʼa Origène (185 ki te 254 ʼo totatou temi), te tagata faitohi faka Keleka mai Alexandrie. Ko te tohi ʼa Origène Sur les principes neʼe ko te hoki faigaʼi ʼaē ke fakamahino te ʼu akonaki tāfito ʼo te teolosia faka “Kilisitiano” ʼaki te filosofia faka Keleka. Ko te Fono ʼo Nicée (325 ʼo totatou temi), neʼe ina faigaʼi ke ina fakamahino pea mo fakatuʼu te “ ʼuhiga ʼatua” ʼo Kilisito, pea neʼe liliu ai ko te tafitoʼaga ʼaia ʼo te fakamahinohino foʼou ʼo te akonaki faka “Kilisitiano.” Neʼe fakaʼiloga e te fono ʼaia te kamataʼaga ʼo he temi neʼe faigaʼi ai e te ʼu fono ʼo te ʼēkelesia ke nātou maʼu he fakamahino ʼe totonu age ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼu akonaki faka lotu.

Ko Te Kau Tagata Faitohi Pea Mo Te Kau Faiakonaki

Neʼe lagolago ia Eusèbe mai Sesalea, ʼaē neʼe faitohi ʼi te temi ʼo te ʼuluaki Fono ʼo Nicée, ki te Tuʼi ko Constantin. Kua hili kiai te ʼu taʼu e 100 tupu ʼo te ʼosi ʼo te Fono ʼo Nicée, ko te kau tagata fai teolosia, ʼaē ko te tokolahi ia nātou neʼe nātou faitohi ʼi te faka Keleka, neʼe nātou fai he talaga loaloaga pea mo tokakovi neʼe fakaʼiloga kehe ai te akonaki ʼa te Keletiate, te Tahitolu. Ko tonatou pule neʼe ko Athanase, te ʼēpikopō fefeka mai Alexandrie, pea mo te toko tolu kau takitaki ʼo te ʼēkelesia mai Cappadoce, ʼi Asie Mineure—ia Basile le Grand, mo tona tēhina ko Grégoire de Nysse, pea mo tonā kaumeʼa ko Grégoire de Nazianze.

Neʼe fakakaku te kau tagata faitohi pea mo te kau tagata fai faka mafola ki te gataʼaga ʼo tonatou faiva. Ko Grégoire de Nazianze pea mo Jean Chrysostome (ko tona faka ʼuhiga ko “Gutu Aulo”) neʼe ko te ʼu tagata faiakonaki faiva ʼi te faka Keleka, pea ko Ambroise ʼo Milan pea mo Augustin de Hippone ʼi te faka Latina, neʼe ko te ʼu tagata maʼuhiga ʼo te poto maʼuhiga ʼo te temi ʼaia. Ko Augustin neʼe ko te tagata faitohi maʼuhiga ʼo te temi ʼaia. Neʼe ko tana ʼu tohi faka teolosia ʼaē neʼe nātou faʼufaʼu te manatu faka “Kilisitiano” ʼo te temi ʼaenī. Ko Jérôme, te tagata faitohi maʼuhiga ʼo te temi ʼaia, neʼe pule tāfito ki te fakaliliu ʼo te Tohi-Tapu mai te ʼu lea ʼuluaki ki te faka Latina Vulgate.

Kae koʼeni te ʼu fehuʼi maʼuhiga: Neʼe mulimuli lelei koa te ʼu Tāmai ʼaia ʼo te ’Ēkelesia ki te Tohi-Tapu? ʼI tanatou ʼu faiakonaki, neʼe nātou mulimuli koa ki te Tohi-Tapu? ʼE feala koa ʼaki tanatou ʼu tohi ke tou maʼu te ʼatamai mālama totonu ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼAtua?

Ko He ʼu Akonaki ʼa Te ʼAtua Peʼe Ko He ʼu Akonaki ʼa Te Tagata?

Mole heʼeki faʼa fualoa, neʼe fai e te tagata Keleka Orthodoxe ko Méthode le métropolite mai Pisidie te tohi The Hellenic Pedestal of Christianity moʼo fakahā ko te fakakaukau “faka Kilisitiano” ʼo te temi ʼaenī ʼe mulimuli ki te filosofia pea mo te maʼuli faka Keleka. ʼI te tohi ʼaia, ʼe ina tala fakahagatonu ai: “Ko te teitei ʼu Tāmai maʼuhiga fuli ʼo te ’Ēkelesia neʼe nātou faka ʼuhiga te ʼu meʼa ʼa te kau Keleka ko he ʼu meʼa ʼe ʼaoga tāfito, pea neʼe nātou fakaʼaogaʼi ke nātou mahino lelei ai ki te ʼu moʼoni faka Kilisitiano pea ke nātou fakahāhā lelei ki te hahaʼi.”

Ohage la ko te ʼui ʼaē ʼe faʼufaʼu e te Tāmai, mo te ʼAlo pea mo te laumālie maʼoniʼoni te Tahitolu. Hili te Fono ʼo Nicée, tokolahi te ʼu Tāmai ʼo te ’Ēkelesia neʼe nātou liliu ko he kau lagolago mālohi ʼo te Tahitolu. Neʼe maʼuhiga te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe nātou tohi pea mo tanatou ʼu fakamatala moʼo fakaliliu te Tahitolu ko he akonaki tāfito ʼo te Keletiate. Kae ʼe maʼu koa te Tahitolu ʼi te Tohi-Tapu? Kailoa. Kae neʼe toʼo koa maifea te akonaki ʼaia e te ʼu Tāmai ʼo te ’Ēkelesia? ʼE fakatokagaʼi mai e te tohi A Dictionary of Religious Knowledge, tokolahi ʼe nātou ʼui ko te Tahitolu “ ʼe ko he kākā ia neʼe toʼo mai te ʼu lotu pagani, pea neʼe hilifaki ki te tui faka Kilisitiano.” Pea ʼe fakamoʼoni fēnei e te tohi The Paganism in Our Christianity: “ ʼE haʼu te [Tahitolu] mai te kau pagani.”a—Soane 3:16; 14:28.

Koutou tokagaʼi age muʼa te akonaki ʼo te maʼuli tuputupua ʼo te nefesi, ʼaē ʼe ʼui ai ʼe ʼi ai te koga ʼo te tagata ʼe hoko atu pe tona maʼuli ʼi te ʼosi mate ʼo te sino. ʼO toe feiā aipe mo te potu ʼaenī, neʼe ko te ʼu Tāmai ʼo te ’Ēkelesia ʼaē neʼe nātou fakahū te manatu ʼaia ki he lotu neʼe mole ina ʼiloʼi he nefesi ʼe mauli tuputupua. ʼE fakahā lelei e te Tohi-Tapu ko te nefesi ʼe mate: “Ko te nefesi ʼaē ʼe agahala—ko ia ia ʼaē ka mate anai.” (Esekiele 18:4) Neʼe koteā te fakatafitoʼaga ʼa te ʼu Tāmai ʼo te ’Ēkelesia ki te akonaki ʼo te nefesi tuputupua? ʼE ʼui fēnei e te tohi New Catholic Encyclopedia, “ko te manatu faka Kilisitiano ʼaē ʼe ina ʼui neʼe fakatupu e te ʼAtua he nefesi fakalaumālie pea neʼe ina fakahū ki te sino ʼo te tagata ʼi te temi ʼaē neʼe ina fakatupu ai, ʼe ko te ikuʼaga ʼaia ʼo te tuputupu loaloaga ʼa te filosofia faka Kilisitiano. Neʼe ko Origène pe ʼi te Potu Esite pea mo Saint Augustin ʼi te Potu Uesite ʼaē neʼe nā akoʼi ko te nefesi ʼe ko he koga fakalaumālie pea neʼe nā fai mo he fakamahino faka filosofia ʼo ʼuhiga mo te natula ʼo te laumālie ʼaia. Ko [te akonaki ʼa Augustin] (pea mo tana ʼu manatu hala) neʼe toʼo mai te Néoplatonisme.” Pea ʼe ʼui fēnei e te nusipepa Presbyterian Life: “Ko te maʼuli tuputupua ʼo te nefesi ʼe ko he manatu faka Keleka neʼe faʼufaʼu e te ʼu tauhi faka misitelio ʼāfea pea neʼe toe gāueʼi e te tagata fai filosofia ko Platon.”b

Te Fakatafito Mālohi ʼo Te Moʼoni Faka Kilisitiano

ʼI tatatou ʼosi vakaʼi te kamataʼaga faka hisitolia ʼo te ʼu Tāmai ʼo te ’Ēkelesia, ʼo feiā mo te haʼuʼaga ʼo tanatou ʼu akonaki, ʼe lelei ke tou fai te fehuʼi ʼaenī, ʼE tonu koa ki he Kilisitiano fakamalotoloto ke ina fakatafito tana tui ki te ʼu akonaki ʼa te ʼu Tāmai ʼo te ’Ēkelesia? Tou tuku te Tohi-Tapu ke ina tali ki te fehuʼi ʼaia.

Ohage la, neʼe mole loto e Sesu Kilisito ke fakaʼaogaʼi te higoa faka tuʼulaga faka lotu ʼaē ko te “tāmai” ʼi tana ʼui fēnei: “ ʼAua naʼa koutou fakahigoa he tahi ko hakotou tāmai ʼi te kele, heʼe ko te tokotahi pe ʼe ko takotou Tāmai, ia Ia ʼaē ʼe ʼi selo.” (Mateo 23:9, MN ) Ko te fakaʼaogaʼi ʼo te kupu “Tāmai” moʼo hinoʼi he tahi, ʼe mole ko he aga faka Kilisitiano pea ʼe tapuʼi mai e te Tohi-Tapu. Neʼe hoki katoa te Folafola ʼa te ʼAtua ʼi te teitei taʼu 98 ʼo totatou temi ʼaki te ʼu tohi ʼa te ʼapositolo ko Soane. Koia, ko te kau Kilisitiano moʼoni ʼe mole nātou faka ʼuhiga he tagata ohage ko he matapuna ʼo he folafola mai te ʼAtua. ʼE nātou tokakaga naʼa nātou ‘fakanoaʼi te folafola ʼa te ʼAtua’ ʼuhi ko he talatisio fakatagata. ʼE ko he meʼa fakatupu tuʼutāmaki ʼi te faʼahi fakalaumālie te faʼao e te talatisio fakatagata te tuʼulaga ʼo te Folafola ʼa te ʼAtua. Neʼe fakatokagaʼi fēnei e Sesu: “Kapau e taki e he kivi ia he kivi, pea e ’na fetoki anai ki he luo.”—Mateo 15:6, 14.

ʼE ʼaoga koa ki he Kilisitiano he faʼahiga fakahā ʼi tuʼa atu ʼo te folafola ʼa te ʼAtua ʼaē ʼe maʼu ʼi te Tohi-Tapu? Kailoa. ʼE fakatokaga mai e te tohi ʼo te Apokalipesi ke ʼaua naʼa tou hilifaki he tahi meʼa ki te folafola ʼa te ʼAtua: “Kapau ʼe hilifaki e he tahi he meʼa ki te ʼu meʼa ʼaenī, pea ʼe hilifaki anai e te ʼAtua kia ia te ʼu tautea ʼaē ʼe tohi ʼi te takaiga tohi ʼaenī.”—Apokalipesi 22:18, MN.

ʼE tuʼu te moʼoni faka Kilisitiano ʼi te Folafola ʼa te ʼAtua, te Tohi-Tapu. (Soane 17:17; 2 Timoteo 3:16; 2 Soane 1-4) ʼE mole fakalogo te fakamahino lelei ʼo te Folafola ki he filosofia faka tagata. ʼO ʼuhiga mo te ʼu tagata ʼaē neʼe nātou fakaʼaogaʼi te poto fakatagata moʼo fakamahino te fakahā fakaʼatua, ʼe mata feʼauga te laulau liuliuga ʼo te ʼu fehuʼi ʼaenī ʼa te ʼapositolo ko Paulo: “Pe kofea te tagata poto? Pe kofea te sekelipa? Pe kofea te tagata tala poto o aeni temi? Pe nee mole fakaheʼi e te Atua te poto o te malama-nei?”—1 Kolonito 1:20.

Pea tahi ʼaē meʼa, ko te kokelekasio faka Kilisitiano moʼoni ʼe “ko te pou mo te tafito o te mooni.” (1 Timoteo 3:15) ʼE hāofaki e tana ʼu tagata taupau te ʼuhiga maʼa ʼo tanatou ʼu akonaki ʼi te kokelekasio, ke ʼaua naʼa hū mai ki loto he faʼahiga akonaki ʼuli. (2 Timoteo 2:15-18, 25) ʼE nātou puipui te kokelekasio mai te ‘kau polofeta loi, te kau faiakonaki loi, pea mo te ʼu magaʼi lotu fakatupu tuʼutāmaki.’ (2 Petelo 2:1) Hili te mate ʼa te kau ʼapositolo, neʼe tuku e te ʼu Tāmai ʼo te ’Ēkelesia ke tauʼaka te ʼu “folafola loi pea mo te ʼu akonaki ʼa te kau temonio” ʼi te kokelekasio faka Kilisitiano.—1 Timoteo 4:1, MN.

Kua ʼiloga lelei te ʼu fua ʼo te ʼapositasia ʼaia ʼi te Keletiate ʼi te temi nei. ʼE mole kei ʼalutahi tana ʼu akonaki pea mo tana ʼu gāue mo te moʼoni faka Tohi-Tapu.

[Kiʼi nota]

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TE ʼU TĀMAI ʼO CAPPADOCE

ʼE ʼui fēnei e te monike, ko Kallistos, “ ʼe fakaʼapaʼapa lahi te ’Ēkelesia Orthodoxe ki te kau tagata faitohi ʼo te fā sēkulō, kae tāfito kia nātou ʼaē ʼe ina fakahigoaʼi ko ‘te kau takitaki lotu maʼuhiga ʼaupito e toko tolu,’ ko Grégoire de Nazianze, mo Basile le Grand, pea mo Jean Chrysostome.” Neʼe fakatafito koa te ʼu akonaki ʼa te ʼu Tāmai ʼaia ʼo te ’Ēkelesia ki te Tohi-Tapu? ʼO ʼuhiga mo Basile le Grand, ʼe ʼui fēnei e te tohi The Fathers of the Greek Church: “ ʼE hā ʼi tana ʼu faitohi neʼe faifaitahi lelei mo Platon, mo Homère, pea mo te kau tagata fai hisitolia mo te kau tagata fai akonaki, pea ʼe mahino ia neʼe nātou takitaki tana faʼahiga faitohi. . . . Neʼe mole fetogi e Basile tona ʼuhiga ‘Keleka.’ ” Neʼe toe feiā mo Grégoire de Nazianze. “ ʼI tana manatu ʼe lagi ʼiloga lelei age anai te mālo pea mo te māʼoluga ʼo te ’Ēkelesia, mo kapau ʼe ina taupau katoa te ʼu talatuku māhani.”

ʼO ʼuhiga mo te toko tolu ʼaia, ʼe tohi fēnei e te Polofesea ko Panagiotis K. Christou: “Logola ʼe nātou tautau fai te ʼu fakatokaga ʼo ʼuhiga mo ‘te filosofia mo te kaka alunoa’ [Kolose 2:8]—ke feala hanatou mulimuli ki te fakatotonu ʼo te Tauhi Foʼou—kae ʼi te tahi faʼahi, ʼe nātou ako te filosofia pea mo te ʼu faʼahiga lekula, pea ʼe nātou fakaloto mālohiʼi te hahaʼi ke nātou ako te ʼu meʼa ʼaia.” ʼE mahino ia, neʼe manatu e te ʼu tagata faiakonaki ʼaia ʼo te ʼēkelesia neʼe mole feʼauga te Tohi-Tapu moʼo lagolago ki ʼanatou ʼu manatu. ʼE feala koa ke tou ʼui ko tanatou ʼu akonaki ʼe mole ʼalutahi ia mo te Tohi-Tapu ʼuhi ko tanatou kumi tokoni ki tuʼa atu? Neʼe fakatokaga fēnei e te ʼapositolo ko Paulo ki te kau Kilisitiano Hepeleo: “Koutou tokaga naʼa fakahehe koutou e te u akonaki kehekehe mo agaaga kehe.”—Hepeleo 13:9.

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]

© Archivo Iconografico, S.A./CORBIS

[Talanoa/Paki ʼo te pasina 20]

CYRILLE DʼALEXANDRIE—KO HE TĀMAI ʼE FAKAFIHIʼI

ʼI te kau tagata ʼaē ʼe fakafihiʼi ʼaupito ʼi te ʼu Tāmai ʼo te ’Ēkelesia, ʼe kau ai ia Cyrille dʼAlexandrie (lagi ʼi te taʼu 375 ʼo aʼu ki te 444 ʼo totatou temi). ʼE ʼui e te tagata tohi hisitolia ʼo te ʼēkelesia ko Hans von Campenhausen, neʼe ko he tagata “neʼe pipiki mālohi ki tana ʼu tonu, neʼe agamālohi, pea mo kākā, ko he tagata neʼe ʼiloga ia ia te lahi ʼo tona vokasio pea mo te ʼalikisia ʼo tona tuʼulaga,” pea ʼe ina toe ʼui “neʼe mole ina faka ʼuhiga he meʼa ʼe faitotonu, gata pe mokā neʼe ʼaoga kia ia ki te fakalahilahi ʼo tona mālohi pea mo tona tuʼulaga pule . . . Neʼe mole he temi neʼe lotomamahi ai ʼi tana ʼu agamālohi pea mo te kovi ʼo tana ʼu faʼahiga fai.” Logope neʼe ko te ʼēpikopō ʼo Alexandrie, kae neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi e Cyrille te ʼu aga fakakākā, pea mo te fasituʼu moʼo fakahifo te ʼēpikopō ʼo Constantinople. ʼE lau ko ia ʼaē neʼe ina fakaneke te fakapogi fakamataku ʼo te fafine fai filosofia ʼiloa ko Hypatie ʼi te taʼu 415 ʼo totatou temi. ʼO ʼuhiga mo te ʼu tohi faka teolosia ʼa Cyrille, ʼe ʼui fēnei e Campenhausen: “Neʼe ko ia ʼaē neʼe ina kamata fakatuʼu te fai tonu ki te ʼu akonaki, ʼo mole fakatafito pe ki te Tohi-Tapu kae ʼe feala ke tokoni mai kiai te ʼu fakamatala ʼe mata feʼauga pea mo te ʼu fakatokaga mai he ʼu hahaʼi popoto ʼi te faʼahi ʼaia.”

[Paki ʼo te pasina 19]

Jérôme

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]

Garo Nalbandian