Ko Satana Ko He Fagana Koa Peʼe Ko He Moʼoni?
TALU mai te ʼu temi muʼa, neʼe fia ʼiloʼi e te hahaʼi popoto te haʼuʼaga ʼo te kovi. ʼE ʼui fēnei e te tohi te Dictionary of the Bible ʼa James Hastings: “ ʼI te kamataʼaga ʼo te malamanei, neʼe fihi tuʼumaʼu te fakakaukau ʼa te tagata pea mo te ʼu mālohi neʼe mole feala ke ina puleʼi, pea neʼe nātou fakaneke ke ina fai he ʼu meʼa ʼe kovi.” ʼE toe ʼui e te tohi pe ʼaia: “ ʼI te kamata ʼo te malamanei, neʼe kumi e te hahaʼi te tupuʼaga ʼo te ʼu meʼa ʼaia, pea nātou ʼui ko te ʼu mālohi ʼaia ʼe mole moʼoni.”
ʼO mulimuli ki te kau tagata fai hisitolia, ko te tui ki te ʼu ʼatua temonio pea mo te ʼu laumālie agakovi, neʼe kamata ʼi Mesopotamia. Ko te kau Papiloni ʼo te temi muʼa neʼe nātou tui ko te ʼu nofoʼaga ʼi te lalo kele, peʼe ko “te fenua ʼaē ʼe mole tou toe liliu mai ai,” neʼe puleʼi e te ʼatua agamālohi ko Nergal, neʼe ʼui ʼe ko “he tahi ʼe ina tutu te hahaʼi.” Neʼe nātou toe matataku ki te kau temonio, pea neʼe nātou faiga ke fakamalu nātou ʼaki he ʼu faikole. ʼI te ʼu fagana ʼo Esipito, ko Seth neʼe ko te ʼatua ʼo te kovi, “neʼe hage ko he manu faikehe, mo tona ihu loa pea mo piko, mo te ʼu taliga neʼe tuʼusi ʼi ʼoluga pea mo tona hiku loa ʼe maga lua.”—Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology.
Logola neʼe maʼu e te kau Keleka pea mo te kau Loma he ʼu ʼatua agalelei pea mo agakovi, kae neʼe mole ʼi ai honatou ʼatua ʼo te kovi. Neʼe akoʼi e tonatou kau filosofia te ʼu pelesepeto e lua ʼe fefakafeagaiʼaki. Ki te tagata fai filosofia ko Empédocle, neʼe ko te ʼOfa pea mo te Maveuveu. Kia Platon, neʼe ko “Nefesi” e lua ʼo te malamanei, ko ia ʼaē ʼe ina fai te meʼa ʼaē ʼe lelei pea mo te tahi ʼe agakovi. Ohage ko tona ʼui e Georges Minois ʼi tana tohi Le Diable (Te Tevolo), “ ʼi te ʼu lotu pagani [ʼo Keleka mo Loma], neʼe mole nātou ʼiloʼi peʼe ko ai te Tevolo.”
ʼI Ilania, ko te akonaki ʼa Zoroastre neʼe ina ʼui ko te ʼatua māʼoluga ko Ahoura Mazda, peʼe ko Ormazd, neʼe ina fakatupu ia Angra Mainyu, peʼe ko Ahriman, ʼaē neʼe ina fili ke ina fai te meʼa ʼaē ʼe kovi pea neʼe liliu ai ko he Mālohi moʼo fakahoko te Fakaʼauha.
ʼI te lotu faka Sutea, ko Satana ʼe ko te Fili ʼo te ʼAtua, pea neʼe ko ia ʼaē neʼe tupu ai te agahala. Kae hili ni ʼu sēkulō, neʼe hilifaki te ʼu manatu faka pagani ki te fakamatala ʼaia. ʼE ʼui fēnei e te Encyclopaedia Judaica: “Neʼe hoko te toe fetogi lahi . . . ʼi te ʼu sēkulō fakaʼosi ʼi muʼa ʼo totatou temi. ʼI te temi ʼaia, ko te lotu [Sutea] . . . neʼe tui ki te ʼu manatu kehekehe e lua, ʼo ina ʼui ʼe fakafeagai ʼi selo pea ʼi te kele te ʼu mālohi ʼo te kovi pea mo te kākā ki te ʼAtua mo te ʼu mālohi ʼo te lelei pea mo te moʼoni. Neʼe lagi tupu te ʼu manatu ʼaia mai te lotu ʼa te kau Pelesia.” ʼE ʼui fēnei e te tohi The Concise Jewish Encyclopedia: “Neʼe feala ke puipui he tahi mai te kau temonio mo kapau neʼe mulimuli ki te ʼu fakatotonu pea mo ina fakaʼaogaʼi te ʼu meʼa moʼo puipui ʼo kita.”
Te Teolosia Faka Kilisitiano ʼAposita
Ohage pe ko te mulimuli ʼa te lotu faka Sutea ki te ʼu manatu neʼe mole tuʼu ʼi te Tohi-Tapu, ʼo ʼuhiga mo Satana pea mo te kau temonio, neʼe fakatuʼu e te kau Kilisitiano ʼaposita he ʼu manatu neʼe mole ʼalutahi mo te Tohi-Tapu. ʼE ʼui fēnei e te tohi The Anchor Bible Dictionary: “Ko te manatu faka teolosia ʼāfea ʼe ina ʼui ko te ʼAtua neʼe ina faka ʼāteaina tana hahaʼi, he neʼe ina foaki te totogi kia Satana ke ina tuku noaʼi nātou.” Neʼe ko te manatu ʼaia ʼa te tagata ko Irénée (ʼo te lua sēkulō ʼo totatou temi). Neʼe toe talanoa kiai ia Origène (ʼi te tolu sēkulō ʼo totatou temi), pea neʼe ina ʼui ko “te tevolo neʼe ina puleʼi te tagata” pea ʼo ʼuhiga mo “te mate ʼo Kilisito . . . neʼe ko te totogi ʼaia neʼe foaki ki te tevolo.”—History of Dogma, neʼe tohi e Adolf Harnack.
ʼE ʼui fēnei e te tohi The Catholic Encyclopedia: “Ia teitei taʼu e afe [ko te manatu ʼaē ko te totogi neʼe foaki ki te Tevolo] neʼe maʼuhiga ʼaupito ʼi te teolosia,” pea neʼe ko he akonaki neʼe taupau e te lotu. Ko te tahi ʼu Tāmai ʼo Te ’Ēkelesia, ʼo kau kiai ia Aukusitino (ʼi te fā sēkulō ʼo totatou temi), neʼe ina tali te manatu ʼaē ʼe ʼui neʼe foaki te totogi kia Satana. Moʼo fakaʼosi, ʼi te 12 sēkulō ʼo totatou temi, ko te ʼu tagata fai teolosia Katolika ko Anselme pea mo Abélard, neʼe nā mahino leva ko te sakilifisio ʼa Kilisito neʼe mole foaki kia Satana kae neʼe foaki ki te ʼAtua.
Te ʼu Manatu Fakamataku ʼo Te Moyen Âge
Logola neʼe mole talanoa ia te ʼu fono ʼo te Lotu Katolika kia Satana, kae ʼi te taʼu 1215 ʼo totatou temi, neʼe fakahā ʼi te Fā Fono ʼo Latran te manatu ʼaē ʼe fakahigoaʼi e te tohi New Catholic Encyclopedia, ko he “tala moʼoni ʼaia ʼo te tui.” ʼE ʼui e te ʼuluaki lao: “Neʼe fakatupu e te ʼAtua te tevolo pea mo te kau temonio neʼe nātou agalelei, kae neʼe nātou fili ke nātou liliu ʼo agakovi.” ʼE toe ʼui ʼe nātou faiga mālohi ke nātou fakahalaʼi te hahaʼi. Neʼe maʼuli tuʼania te hahaʼi ʼo te Moyen Âge ʼuhi ko te manatu ʼaia. Kia nātou, neʼe fakatupu e Satana ia meʼa fuli pe ʼaē neʼe mata faikehe, ohage ko he mahaki neʼe mole ʼiloʼi tona tupuʼaga, he mate fakapunamaʼuli, peʼe ko he ʼu temi taʼukai neʼe kovi. ʼI te taʼu 1233 ʼo totatou temi, ko te Tuʼi Tapu ko Kelekolio 9, neʼe ina fakatuʼu te ʼu lao moʼo fakafeagai ki te kau heletiko, ʼo feiā mo te hahaʼi neʼe tui kia Lusifelo, neʼe ʼui ʼe nātou tauhi ki te Tevolo.
Neʼe matataku te hahaʼi, neʼe nātou faka tui ko te Tevolo peʼe ko tana kau temonio ʼe nātou ulusino ʼi te hahaʼi—pea neʼe nātou matataku ki te gaohi meʼa fakatemonio pea mo te faifakalauʼakau. Mai te 13 sēkulō ki te 17 sēkulō, neʼe mafola te mataku ki te hahaʼi faifakalauʼakau ʼi Eulopa ʼo aʼu ki te Potu Noleto ʼo Amelika, ʼuhi ko te kau Eulopa ʼaē neʼe ʼolo ʼo nonofo ai. Māʼia mo te ʼu tagata Polotesita ko Martin Luther pea mo Jean Calvin, neʼe nā tali ke kapu te hahaʼi faifakalauʼakau. ʼI Eulopa, neʼe mole he ʼu fakamoʼoni ki te ʼu fakamāu ʼaē neʼe fai ki te hahaʼi neʼe lau ʼe faifakalauʼakau, pea neʼe takitaki te ʼu faifakamāu ʼaia e te Inikisisio pea mo te ʼu telepinale ʼo te fenua. Neʼe fakamamahiʼi nātou ke nātou tala he ʼu hala neʼe mole nātou fai.
Ko nātou ʼaē neʼe hala, neʼe fakatūʼa ki te mate, ʼo tutu peʼe ohage ko Pilitania pea mo Ekose, neʼe tautau tonatou kia. ʼO ʼuhiga mo te lahi ʼo nātou ʼaē neʼe matehi, ʼe ʼui fēnei e te tohi The World Book Encyclopedia: “Mai te taʼu 1484 ki te 1782, ʼo mulimuli ki ʼihi hahaʼi fai hisitolia, ko te ʼēkelesia neʼe ina matehi ia teitei fafine faifakalauʼakau e 300 000.” Kapau neʼe ko Satana ʼaē neʼe ina fakatupu te meʼa fakamataku ʼaia ʼi te Moyen Âge, neʼe ko ai koa te hahaʼi ʼaē neʼe ina fakaʼaogaʼi—ko te hahaʼi ʼaē neʼe mamate peʼe ko te hahaʼi lotu ʼaē neʼe nātou fai te ʼu fakataga?
Te Meʼa ʼAē ʼe Tui Kiai Te Hahaʼi Pea Mo Te Meʼa ʼe Mole Nātou Tui Kiai
ʼI te 18 sēkulō, neʼe tuputupu ai te manatu ʼaē neʼe higoa ko te Faka Mālamagia. ʼE ʼui fēnei e te Encyclopædia Britannica: “Ko te manatu faka filosofia pea mo faka teolosia ʼo te Faka Mālamagia, neʼe nātou faiga ke pulihi ʼi te fakakaukau ʼa te kau Kilisitiano te manatu ki te tevolo, heʼe ko he manatu loi mai te Moyen Âge.” Neʼe mole ʼalutahi te manatu ʼa te ’Ēkelesia Katolika Loma mo te faʼahi ʼaia, koia neʼe ina toe fakahā ai tana tui kia Satana te Tevolo, ʼi te ʼUluaki Fono ʼo Te Vatikano (ʼi te 1869 ki te 1870), pea neʼe toe talanoa kiai ʼi te Lua Fono ʼo Vatikano (ʼi te 1962 ki te 1965) kae neʼe mole mālohi ohage ko tona fai ʼuluaki.
ʼI tona ʼuhiga moʼoni, ohage ko tona ʼui e te tohi New Catholic Encyclopedia, “neʼe faiga e te ’Ēkelesia ke tui te hahaʼi ki te kau ʼaselo pea mo te kau temonio.” Kae ko te tikisionalio Fakafalani Katolika Théo, ʼe ina ʼui ʼe “tokolahi te kau Kilisitiano ia ʼaho nei ʼe mole nātou tui ʼe ko te tevolo ʼaē ʼe ina fakatupu te agakovi ʼi te malamanei.” ʼI te ʼu taʼu pe ʼaenī, ko te kau teolosia Katolika neʼe tonu ke nātou tokakaga ki te ʼu manatu ʼaia, ʼo fakafuafua lelei te akonaki faka Katolika pea mo te manatu ʼa te hahaʼi ʼi totatou temi. ʼE ʼui fēnei e te tohi Encyclopædia Britannica: “Ko te teolosia faka Kilisitiano ʼaē ʼe ina tali te ʼu manatu kehekehe, ʼe ina ʼui ko te ʼu palalau ʼa te Tohi-Tapu ʼo ʼuhiga mo Satana ʼe ko he ‘ ʼu palalau fakatātā’ kae ʼe mole ko he meʼa moʼoni—ʼe faigaʼi ke fakahā ʼaki he fagana ia te moʼoni pea mo te kua lahi ʼaupito ʼo te agakovi.” ʼO ʼuhiga mo te kau Polotesita, ʼe toe ʼui e te tohi pe ʼaia: “Ko te lotu Polotesita ʼo totatou temi ʼaē ʼe ina tali te ʼu manatu kehekehe, ʼe mole tui ia ko te tevolo ʼe ko he tahi ʼe maʼuli moʼoni.” Kae ʼe tonu koa ke manatu e te kau Kilisitiano moʼoni ko te meʼa ʼaē ʼe ʼui e te Tohi-Tapu ʼo ʼuhiga mo Satana ʼe ko he “ ʼu palalau fakatātā” pe ia?
Te Meʼa ʼAē ʼe Akoʼi e Te Tohi-Tapu
Ko te filosofia pea mo te teolosia neʼe mole lelei age tanā fakamahino te ʼuhiga ʼo te kovi ʼi te fakamahino ʼa te Tohi-Tapu. Ko te meʼa ʼaē ʼe ʼui e te Tohi-Tapu ʼo ʼuhiga mo Satana ʼe maʼuhiga, ke feala ai hatatou mahino ki te ʼuhiga ʼo te kovi pea mo te mamahi ʼa te malamanei, pea mo te tupuʼaga ʼo te ʼāsili kovi ʼo te agamālohi ʼi te taʼu fuli.
ʼE lagi feʼekeʼaki anai ni ʼihi: ‘Kapau ko te ʼAtua ʼe agalelei pea ʼe ko he Tupuʼaga ʼofa, pea he koʼe leva neʼe ina fakatupu he ʼaselo agakovi ohage ko Satana?’ ʼE fakamahino mai e te Tohi-Tapu ko te ʼu gāue fuli pe ʼa Sehova ʼAtua ʼe haohaoa, pea neʼe ina foaki ki te ʼu meʼa maʼuli fuli pe te loto faʼifaʼitaliha. (Teutalonome 30:19; 32:4; Sosue 24:15; 1 Hau 18:21) Koia ko te ʼaselo ʼaē neʼe liliu ko Satana, neʼe fakatupu haohaoa pea neʼe ina filifili ke mole nofo ʼi te ala ʼo te moʼoni pea mo te faitotonu.—Soane 8:44; Sakopo 1:14, 15.
ʼE lahi te ʼu ʼaluʼaga neʼe tatau ai te agatuʼu ʼa Satana pea mo “te hau ʼo Tile,” ʼaē ʼe fakamatala ʼaki he ʼu palalau fakatuketuke ʼo ʼui ʼe “matalelei ʼaupito” pea ‘neʼe mole he hala ʼi tona ʼu ala talu mai te ʼaho ʼaē neʼe fakatupu ai ʼo aʼu ki te maʼu ia te ia te heʼe faitotonu.’ (Esekiele 28:11-19) Neʼe mole fakafihiʼi e Satana te tuʼulaga māʼoluga ʼo Sehova pea mo tona ʼuhiga ʼaē ko te Tupuʼaga, he neʼe fakatupu ia ia e te ʼAtua. Kae neʼe fakafihiʼi e Satana te faʼahiga fakahoko e Sehova tana pule. ʼI te ʼōloto ʼo Eteni, neʼe lau e Satana neʼe fufū e te ʼAtua ki te taumatuʼa te meʼa neʼe tonu ke nā maʼu pea neʼe feala ke nā maʼuli lelei ai. (Senesi 3:1-5) Neʼe iku tana fakaneke he neʼe agatuʼu leva ia Atama pea mo Eva ki te pule faitotonu ʼa Sehova, pea nā maʼu ai te agahala mo te mate, ʼo feiā mo tonā hōloga. (Senesi 3:16-19; Loma 5:12) Koia ʼe fakahā ai e te Tohi-Tapu ko Satana ʼaē ʼe ina fakatupu te ʼu mamahi ʼo te hahaʼi.
ʼI muʼa ʼo te Tulivio, neʼe lagolago te tahi kau ʼaselo ki te agatuʼu ʼa Satana. Neʼe nātou kofuʼi te ʼu sinoʼi tagata ke nātou ʼōmai ki te kele ʼo fakahoko he ʼu felāveʼi fakasino mo te ʼu hahaʼi fafine. (Senesi 6:1-4) ʼI te Tulivio, ko te ʼu ʼaselo talagataʼa ʼaia neʼe nātou toe liliu ki selo kae neʼe mole nātou toe maʼu tonatou “tuʼulaga ʼi te kamata” mo te ʼAtua ʼi selo. (Suta 6, MN ) Neʼe fakamālaloʼi nātou ki he ʼu fakapōʼuli fakalaumālie lahi. (1 Petelo 3:19, 20; 2 Petelo 2:4) Neʼe nātou liliu ko he ʼu temonio, ʼo mole kei nātou tauhi ki te pule ʼa Sehova kae nātou fakalogo kia Satana. ʼE mole kei feala ke nātou toe kofuʼi he ʼu sino fakatagata, kae ʼe kei lava fakahalaʼi e te kau temonio te ʼu ʼatamai pea mo te maʼuli ʼo te hahaʼi, pea ʼe mahino ia ʼe ko nātou ʼaē ʼe tupu ai te ʼu agamālohi ʼaē ʼe tou sio kiai ia ʼaho nei.—Mateo 12:43-45; Luka 8:27-33.
Kua Ōvi Mai Te Fakaʼosi ʼo Te Pule ʼa Satana
ʼE hā lelei mai ʼe gāue te ʼu laumālie agakovi ʼi te malamanei ia ʼaho nei. Neʼe tohi fēnei e te ʼapositolo ko Soane: “E mauli te malama-nei katoa i te Kovi.”—1 Soane 5:19.
Kae ko te ʼu lea faka polofeta ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ʼaē kua hoko, ʼe nātou fakahā mai ko te Tevolo ʼe ina fakaʼāsili te ʼu malaʼia, heʼe ina ʼiloʼi ʼe kei toe pe ‘he kiʼi temi nounou’ ke ina fakahoko ai he maumau lahi ʼi muʼa ʼo tona pilisoniʼi. (Apokalipesi 12:7-12; 20:1-3) ʼI te ʼosi pulihi ʼo te pule ʼa Satana, ʼe fakatuʼu anai he mālama foʼou faitotonu, “ ʼe mole toe ʼi ai anai” he ʼu loʼimata, he mate pea mo he mamahi. ʼE fakahoko anai te finegalo ʼo te ʼAtua “ ʼi te kele ohage ko tona fai ʼi selo.”—Apokalipesi 21:1-4, MN; Mateo 6:20, New International Version.
[Paki ʼo te pasina 4]
Neʼe tui te kau Papiloni kia Nergal (ʼi te faʼahi hema taupotu), ko he ʼatua agamālohi; ko Platon (ʼi te faʼahi hema) neʼe tui ki te fefakafeagaiʼaki ʼo te ʼu “Nefesi” e lua
[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]
Cylinder: Musée du Louvre, Paris; Plato: National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Greece
[Paki ʼo te pasina 5]
Ko Irénée, mo Origène, pea mo Aukusitino neʼe nātou akoʼi ko te totogi neʼe foaki ki te Tevolo
[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]
Origen: Culver Pictures; Augustine: From the book Great Men and Famous Women
[Paki ʼo te pasina 6]
ʼUhi ko te mataku ki te hahaʼi faifakalauʼakau, neʼe matehi ai te ʼu hahaʼi e lauʼi hogofulu afe
[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]
From the book Bildersaal deutscher Geschichte