Uxolo—Ngaba Akho Amathuba Okubakho Kwalo?
PHEZU kwako nje oko kwakungumxholo ophambili kwiphephandaba elithile, inyaniso ikukuba, njengoko inkoliso yethu ikuqonda oko, uluntu lusekude gqitha ekufumaneni uxolo lokwenene. Ukurhoxiswa kwemikhosi yamazwe angaphandle eAfghanistan akuzange kuzise xolo kwelo lizwe. Ibe kusekho ukruthakruthwano lohlobo oluthile kwiiPhilippines, eSudan, kwaSirayeli, kuMantla eIreland, eLebanon, naseSri Lanka, xa kukhankanywa nje amazwe ambalwa.
Ekubeni inkoliso yabantu abanengqondo ikhetha uxolo kunemfazwe, kutheni le nto uxolo kunzima kangaka ukulufumana? Abezobupolitika baye bazama ngeendlela ezininzi kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ukuzisa uxolo, kodwa imigudu yabo iye yasoloko isilela. Kutheni? Makhe sikhangele nje kwimizekelo embalwa size sibone.
Ukufunyanwa Koxolo Ngokusetyenziswa Konqulo Nomthetho
Bambi babugqala uBukhosi baseRoma njengelinge elalinempumelelo ekubangeleni uxolo. Phantsi kwabo, ukudityaniswa komthetho omiselweyo, ulawulo olubhetyebhetye, imikhosi emikhulu, neendlela ezenziwe kakuhle kangangeenkulungwane ezithile kwalondoloza ukuzinza kwezizwe ngezizwe okwakusaziwa ngokuba yiPax Romana (Uxolo lwaseRoma) kwimimandla emikhulu yeMpuma Asiya, yeAfrika neYurophu. Noko ke, ekugqibeleni, uBukhosi baseRoma boyiswa kukonakala okwakuvela ngaphakathi naluhlaselo olwaluvela ngaphandle, ibe uXolo lwaseRoma lwawohloka.
Oku kubonisa inyaniso edandathekisayo ngamalinge awenziwa ngabantu. Emva kwesiqalo esinika ithemba, ngokuqhelekileyo ayabhanga. UThixo wathi: “Ukuyila kwentliziyo yomntu kubi kwasebutsheni bakhe,” ibe oku kuyila kubi kusoloko kusoyisa ekuhambeni kwexesha. (Genesis 8:21) Ngaphezu koko, umprofeti uYeremiya wathi: “Intliziyo inenkohliso ngaphezu kweento zonke, isisifo esibi; ngubani na onokuyazi?” (Yeremiya 17:9) Umntu akanazigqibo. Iinjongo ezintle zomnye umntu zisenokubhukuqwa ngumona okanye ngamabhongo okuzingca abanye abantu. Okanye umlawuli onemigaqo ephakamileyo yokuziphatha yena ngokunokwakhe usenokonakala. Ngenxa yoku, bangaze bakwazi njani abantu ukuzisa uxolo?
Kwinkulungwane yesithathu Ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo, kwenziwa ingxelo ngomgudu ophawulekayo wokubangela uxolo kwilizwe laseIndiya eliphantse libe lilizwekazi. Apho, umlawuli onamandla owayebizwa ngokuba nguAśoka wamisela ubukhosi obukhulu ngemfazwe nangokuphalaza igazi. Wandula ke, ngokutsho kwengxelo, waguqukela kwimigaqo yobuBhuda. Ebonisa ukuyicekisa kwakhe imfazwe, wakha izakhiwo ezikhulu kummandla awayewulawula ezazinemibhalo yokunceda abantu bakhe ukuba baphile ubomi obulunge ngakumbi. Ibe kuyabonakala ukuba kwakukho uxolo nenkqubela kubukhosi bakhe.
Ngaba indlela ka-Aśoka yayiyileyo isa eluxolweni? Kulusizi ukuthi, akunjalo. Xa lo mlawuli wafayo, uxolo lwakhe lwafa kunye naye, yaye ubukhosi bakhe baphela. Oku kubonisa ukuba kwanemigudu yomlawuli oneenjongo ezintle nobuchule bokulawula ithi ekugqibeleni idake ngenxa yokuba uyafa. Umbhali weNtshumayeli wayikhankanya le ngxaki xa wabhalayo esithi: “Ndayithiya yonke imigudu yam, . . . ekubeni ndiya kuyishiya nomntu oya kubakho emva kwam. Waziwa ngubani na, ukuba woba sisilumko, nokuba woba sisiyatha, kusini na? Ukanti uya kugunyazela emigudwini yam yonke endaphuka yiyo, endalumkayo kuyo phantsi kwelanga; kwanaloo nto ingamampunge.”—INtshumayeli 2:18, 19.
Ewe, ukufa komntu kungumqobo ongenakoyiswa ekuziseni kwakhe uxolo oluhlala luhleli. Ngokuqinisekileyo isiluleko somdumisi sisesobulumko ngokuphathelele oku: “Musani ukukholosa ngamanene, ngonyana womntu, yena ungenalo usindiso. Uyaphuma umoya wakhe, abuyele yena emhlabeni wakhe; ngaloo mini ayatshitsha amabhongo akhe.”—INdumiso 146:3, 4.
Imigudu Engakumbi Yokuzisa Uxolo
Ngokukwanjalo eminye imigudu yabantu ibonisa isizathu sokuba umntu asilele kwiinzame zakhe zokuzisa uxolo. Ngokomzekelo, ngenkulungwane yeshumi, eYurophu kwasungulwa umbutho owawunegama elithi uXolo LukaThixo. Wenzelwe ukukhusela impahla yecawa, waphumela ekubeni luhlobo lwesivumelwano sokungaphakamiseli abanye izixhobo owathi phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-12 wabe sowusasazeke kwinkoliso yamazwe aseYurophu.
Enye imbono ibizwa ngokuba “kukulungelelaniswa kwegunya.” Lilandela le nkqubo, ibutho lezizwe—njengeYurophu—liyayithintela imfazwe ngokulondoloza umlinganiselo olinganayo wokwabelana ngegunya phakathi kwamazwekazi. Ukuba uhlanga olunamandla lusongela olubuthathaka, olunye uhlanga olunamandla kunalo lumanyana okwexeshana nolo lubuthathaka ukuze luthibaze olo luza kuhlasela. Le nkqubo yakhokela imicimbi yaseYurophu ukususela ekupheleni kweeMfazwe zikaNapoliyoni ukusa kwixesha lokuqhambuka kwemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala ngowe-1914.
Emva kwaloo mfazwe, kwasekwa uManyano LweZizwe njengendawo yeenkundla zasekuhleni apho iintlanga zazinokuzinzisa khona iingxaki zazo kunokuba kuliwe ngazo. Le ntlangano yoManyano yaphelelwa ngamandla xa kwaqhambuka imfazwe yehlabathi yesibini kodwa emva kwaloo mfazwe, umoya wayo wahlaziyelwa ekubeni ngumbutho weZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, lo usekhoyo nanamhla.
Phofu ke, yonke le migudu yasilela ukuzisa uxolo lokwenene okanye oluhlala luhleli. Ngoxa umbutho owawunegama elithi uXolo LukaThixo wawukho eYurophu, abemi baseYurophu balwa namaSilamsi kwiiMfazwe Zomnqamlezo ekwaphalazwa kuzo igazi elininzi. Ibe ngoxa abezobupolitika babezama ukulondoloza uxolo eYurophu ngokulungelelaniswa kwegunya, babesilwa imfazwe yaye bemisela ulawulo kumazwe angaphandle kweYurophu. Umbutho woManyano lweZizwe awuzange ukwazi ukuthintela imfazwe yehlabathi yesibini, yaye oweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo awuzange ukuthintele ukubulalana ngenkohlakalo okwakuseKampuchea okanye imilo eyayiqhubeka kwiindawo ezinjengeKorea, iNigeria, iVietnam neZaire.
Ewe, kude kube ngoku eyona migudu ibalaseleyo yabezobupolitika yokubangela uxolo iye yasilela. Abalawuli abayazi nje kwaphela indlela yokuzisa uxolo oluhlala luhleli, bethintelwa njengokuba benjalo kukufa naziintsilelo zabo nezabanye abantu. Noko ke, kwanokuba oku bekungenjalo, abezobupolitika bebengayi kukwazi ukuzisa uxolo. Kutheni bengenako nje? Kungenxa yomnye umqobo owoyikekayo ngokwenyaniso.
Amandla Afihlakeleyo Athintela Uxolo
IBhayibhile ithetha ngalo mqobo xa isithi: “Ihlabathi liphela lilele kongedawo.” (1 Yohane 5:19) Lo ungendawo nguSathana uMtyholi, isidalwa somoya esingaphezu komntu esinamandla angaphezulu gqitha kunawethu. Kwasekuqalekeni, uSathana uye wabandakanyeka kwimvukelo, ekuxokeni nasekubulaleni. (Genesis 3:1-6; Yohane 8:44) Impembelelo yakhe enamandla kwimicimbi yehlabathi, nakuba iyefihlakeleyo, ingqinwa ngabanye ababhali abaphefumlelweyo. UPawulos wambiza ngokuthi “uthixo weli phakade,” ‘umphathi wegunya lesibhakabhaka.’ (2 Korinte 4:4; Efese 2:2) Ngaphezu kwesihlandlo esinye uYesu wambiza ngokuthi “umphathi walo eli hlabathi.”—Yohane 12:31; 14:30; 16:11.
Ekubeni ihlabathi lilawulwa nguSathana, alikho konke konke ithemba lokuba abantu bezobupolitika baya kuzisa uxolo oluhlala luhleli. Ngaba oko kuthetha ukuba uxolo aluyi kuze lubekho? Ngaba kukho nabani na onokukhokelela uluntu eluxolweni?
[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 5]
Enoba umlawuli usenokuba ngolumke nonemigaqo ephakame kangakanani na, ekugqibeleni uyafa baze ngokufuthi abanye abangenabuchule namigaqo iphakame kangako bangene ezihlangwini zakhe
[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 6]
Owona mqobo mkhulu woxolo nguSathana uMtyholi
[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 5]
U.S. National Archives photo