Ubomi Kwinkampu Yeembacu
YINTONI ethi qatha engqondweni yakho xa uva igama elithi “inkampu yeembacu”? Ngaba wakha watyelela enye yazo? Ikhangeleka njani?
Ebudeni bokubhalwa kweli nqaku, kwakukho iinkampu zeembacu ezahlukeneyo ezili-13 kummandla wasentshona Tanzania. Bebaleke iimfazwe zamakhaya, abantu abaziimbacu abamalunga nama-500 000 abasuka kwamanye amazwe aseAfrika bebencedwa ngurhulumente waseTanzania esebenzisana neUnited Nations High Commissioner of Refugees (UNHCR). Bunjani ubomi basezinkampini?
Ukufika Enkampini
Intombazana ekwishumi elivisayo egama linguKandida uchaza oko kwenzekayo xa yena nentsapho yakowabo bafika apho kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo: “Basinika ikhadi lomxhesho elalinenombolo yesazisi, yaye intsapho yakowethu yathunyelwa kwinkampu yeembacu yaseNyarugusu. Apho safumana inombolo yesiza neyesitrato. Saboniswa apho sasinokugawula khona imithi size siqokelele nengca yokwakha indlu yethu encinane. Senza izitena zodaka. I-UNHCR yasinika iseyile yokufulela. Lo yayingumsebenzi onzima, kodwa savuya sakuba siyigqibile indlu yethu encinane.”
Eli khadi lomxhesho lisetyenziswa ngooLwezithathu kuze kuqakathwe iveki. UKandida uhlabela mgama esithi: “Sima emgceni kwindawo yokutya size siqokelele ukutya okuqhelekileyo okuvela kwiUNHCR.”
Mntu ngamnye utya ntoni ngosuku?
“Mntu ngamnye ufumana iikomityi ezintathu zomgubo wombona, ikomityi enye yee-ertyisi, iigram ezingama-20 zesoya, amacephe amabini eoli necephe letyuwa. Maxa wambi siye sifumane isitena sesepha, esifanele sigqibe inyanga yonke.”
Kuthekani ngamanzi acocekileyo? Ngaba ayafumaneka? Ibhinqa eliselula uRiziki uthi: “Ewe, atsalwa kumlambo okufutshane ngemibhobho agalelwe kumatanki amakhulu. La manzi acocwa ngeklorin ngaphambi kokuba ampontshelwe kwiindawo zokukha amanzi ezininzi kwinkampu nganye. Sisazama ukuwabilisa amanzi ngaphambi kokuba siwasele ukuze singaguli. Sidla ngokuxakeka ukususela ekuseni de litshone ilanga sisikha amanzi yaye sihlamba iimpahla zethu kwezi ndawo zokukha amanzi. Sinokufumana kuphela ibhakethi elinye elinesiqingatha lamanzi ngosuku.”
Ukuba ubunokuhamba phakathi kwenye yezo nkampu, ubusenokubona isikolo sabantwana abancinane, samabanga aphantsi nesamabanga aphakamileyo. Kusenokubakho nesikolo sabantu abadala enkampini. Isikhululo samapolisa neofisi karhulumente ngaphandle kwenkampu ziqinisekisa ukuba inkampu ikhuselekile. Usenokubona imarike enkulu eneevenkile ezincinane ezininzi apho iimbacu zinokufumana khona imifuno, iziqhamo, intlanzi, inkuku nokunye ukutya okuqhelekileyo. Abanye abantu balapho baza emarikeni beze kuthengisa. Kodwa iimbacu ziyifumana phi imali yokuthenga? Ezinye zinezitiya zokulima imifuno zize ziyithengise emarikeni. Ezinye zisenokuthengisa inxalenye yomgubo okanye iiertyisi ezizifumanayo, ukuze zithenge inyama okanye iziqhamo. Ewe, inkampu isenokubonakala iyidolophana enkulu kunokuba iyinkampu. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukubona ezinye emarikeni zihleka yaye zonwabile kanye njengokuba beziya kwenjenjalo kwilizwe lazo.
Xa ufika esibhedlele, omnye woogqirha usenokukuxelela ukuba kukho iikliniki eziliqela kule nkampu apho kunyangwa khona izigulo eziqhelekileyo; abantu abenzakele kakhulu nabagulel’ ukufa bathunyelwa esibhedlele. Kuyaqondakala ukuba isebe labantu abakhulelweyo negumbi lokubelekisa kwesi sibhedlele zibalulekileyo, xa ucinga ukuba kule nkampu kukho iimbacu ezingama-48 000, kusenokuzalwa abantwana abanokuba ngama-250 ngenyanga.
Ukondliwa Ngokomoya
Emhlabeni wonke, amaNgqina kaYehova asenokuzibuza ngabanye abazalwana bokomoya abahlala kwiinkampu zaseTanzania. Bebonke, basenokuba li-1 200, yaye bayila amabandla ali-14 namaqela ama-3. Baqhuba njani?
Phakathi kwezinto zokuqala la maKristu azinikeleyo azenzayo ukufika kwawo kwezi nkampu kukucela isiza sokwakha iHolo yoBukumkani. Oku kwenza ezinye iimbacu zazi apho zinokuwafumana khona amaNgqina nalapho zinokuya khona xa zifuna ukuya kwiintlanganiso zawo zeeveki ngeeveki. Kwinkampu yaseLugufu, kukho amabandla asi-7, namaKristu akhutheleyo angama-659. Kwiintlanganiso zawo zangeCawa inani labo bezayo xa lidityanisiwe kula mabandla asi-7 ngokuqhelekileyo liba ngabantu abanokuba li-1 700.
Kuzo zonke iinkampu amaNgqina ayazuza kwiindibano ezinkulu nezincinane zamaKristu. Xa kwaqhutywa indibano yokuqala yesiphaluka kwinkampu yaseLugufu, kwakukho abantu abangama-2 363. AmaNgqina akha iqula lokubhaptiza ngaphandle kwesakhiwo sendibano. Eli qula lalingumngxuma owawembiwe emhlabeni, kwaza kwafakwa iseyile ukuze ibambe amanzi. Abazalwana babethutha amanzi emlanjeni ngeebhayisikile kumgama ongaphezu nje kweekhilomitha ezimbini. Ekubeni babethutha iilitha ezingama-20 ngexesha, baquqa bebuyelela. Abo babeza kubhaptizwa, benxibe ngokundilisekileyo, babemile belindele ukubhaptizwa. Bonke abo bangama-56 babhaptizwa ngokuntywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo emanzini. Omnye umlungiseleli wexesha elizeleyo okwenziwa udliwano-ndlebe naye kule ndibano wacacisa ukuba uqhuba izifundo zeBhayibhile nabantu abangama-40 abahlukahlukeneyo. Abantu abane afunda nabo babhaptizwa kuloo ndibano.
Iofisi yesebe yamaNgqina kaYehova iye yalungiselela ukuba la mabandla atyelelwe rhoqo ngumveleli ohambahambayo. Omnye wabo uthi: “Abazalwana bethu banenzondelelo kubulungiseleli. Banentsimi enkulu abafanele bashumayele kuyo, yaye kwelinye ibandla iNgqina ngalinye lichitha iiyure ezinokuba ngama-34 ngenyanga kubulungiseleli. Abaninzi baqhuba izifundo zeBhayibhile ezintlanu okanye ezingakumbi nabantu abanomdla. Omnye uvulindlela [umlungiseleli wexesha elizeleyo] wathi ayikho enye intsimi ebhetele kunale. Abantu kwezi nkampu bazixabisa gqitha iincwadi zethu.”
Zifikelela njani iincwadi zeBhayibhile kwezi nkampu? Isebe lizithumela ngololiwe eKigoma, idolophu ekunxweme olusempuma kweChibi iTanganyika. Apho abazalwana baziphuthuma khona baze balungiselele ukuba zithunyelwe emabandleni. Maxa wambi baqesha iveni baze bazise ngokwabo kuzo zonke iinkampu. Oku kuthabatha iintsuku ezintathu okanye ezine kuhanjwa kwiindlela ezimbi.
Ukuxhaswa Ngezinto Eziphathekayo
AmaNgqina kaYehova aseFransi, eBelgium, nawaseSwitzerland aye aluncedo gqitha ekuxhaseni iimbacu kwezi nkampu. Amanye aye atyelela iinkampu zaseTanzania, ngemvume yeSebe Lemicimbi Yasekhaya neUNHCR. AmaNgqina aseYurophu aye aqokelela isixa esikhulu sobisi olungumgubo, iimpahla, izihlangu, iincwadi zesikolo nesepha. Ezo zinto ziye zanikelwa ukuze zifunyanwe zizo zonke iimbacu, ngokuvisisana nomgaqo weBhayibhile othi: “Lo gama ixesha lisasivumela, masenze okulungileyo kubo bonke, ngokukodwa kwabo bahlobene nathi elukholweni.”—Galati 6:10.
Le migudu yokubonakalisa ubuntu iye yanemiphumo emihle, njengoko kuye kwancedwa iimbacu ezininzi. IRefugee Community Committee kwenye yezi nkampu yavakalisa umbulelo ngala mazwi: “Egameni lazo zonke iimbacu, sisebenzisa eli thuba ukunibulela ngoncedo lwenu lobubele olubonakaliswe yintlangano yenu izihlandlo ezithathu . . . Ezi mpahla ziye zanceda abantu abangama-12 654 basweleyo, amadoda, amabhinqa nabantwana, kuquka neentsana . . . Inkampu yaseMuyovozi ngoku inabemi abangama-37 000. Bebonke abancediweyo ngabantu abangama-12 654, okanye ama-34,2 ekhulwini kubantu balapho.”
Kwenye inkampu, mbacu nganye kwezingama-12 382 yafumana izinto ezintathu zokunxiba, yaye kwenye inkampu zafumana iincwadi zesikolo ezininzi ezinokusetyenziswa kwizikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo naphantsi nakwizikolo zabantwana abancinane. Elinye igosa lasemkhosini leUNHCR komnye wale mimandla lathi: “Sibamba ngazo zozibini ngomnikelo esiye sawufumana [wokunceda] abantu abaninzi kwezi nkampu zeembacu. Impahla esiye sayifumana kutshanje yayiziincwadi ezazikwiibhokisi ezi-5 zokuthutha iimpahla, eziye zanikwa iimbacu. . . . Sithi maz’ enethole.”
Kwanamaphephandaba asekuhlaleni aye athetha ngolu ncedo lunikelweyo. Kumxholo weSunday News kaMeyi 20, 2001, kwathiwa: “Iimpahla Zeembacu ZaseTanzania Ziyeza.” Kuhlelo lwayo lukaFebruwari 10, 2002, kwathiwa: “Iimbacu ziyayixabisa le minikelo kuba abanye babantwana abaye bayeka ukuya esikolweni ngenxa yokungabi nampahla ngoku baya rhoqo esikolweni.”
Baxinekile Kodwa Kungekhona Ngokokude Bangabi Nandlela Yokuphuma
Kwinkoliso yeembacu, kuthabatha malunga nonyaka ukuqhelana nobomi obutsha basezinkampini. Iimbacu ziphila ubomi obulula. AmaNgqina kaYehova kwezi nkampu asebenzisa ixesha lawo elininzi ethetha nabamelwane bawo abaziimbacu ngeendaba ezilungileyo ezithuthuzelayo nezifumaneka kwiLizwi likaThixo, iBhayibhile. Athetha ngehlabathi elitsha, apho bonke ‘beya kuwakhanda amakrele abo abe ngamakhuba nemikhonto yabo ibe zizikere zokuthena imithi. Uhlanga aluyi kuphakamisela uhlanga ikrele, zingayi kuphinda zifunde nemfazwe kwakhona.’ Baya kwandula ke bonke ‘bahlale, ngamnye phantsi komdiliya wakhe naphantsi komkhiwane wakhe, yaye akuyi kubakho bani ubangcangcazelisayo; kuba wona kanye umlomo kaYehova wemikhosi ukuthethile oko.’ Ngokucacileyo, ngenxa yentsikelelo kaThixo eli iya kuba lihlabathi elingenazinkampu zeembacu.—Mika 4:3, 4; INdumiso 46:9.
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 8]
Izindlu kwinkampu yaseNduta
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 10]
IHolo yoBukumkani yaseLukole (ekunene) Ubhaptizo eLugufu (ngezantsi)
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 10]
Indibano yesithili kwinkampu yaseLugufu