Amabhinqa—Ngaba Ayahlonelwa Namhlanje?
KUTHENI lo mbuzo ufanele ubuzwe kwaukubuzwa? wambi amadoda amangalisiweyo asenokubuza. Kodwa xa sihlolisisa ukuphathwa kwamabhinqa kuyo yonke imbali, nanamhlanje kulo lonke ihlabathi, imibuzo embalwa isithela thsuphe ngempendulo.
Kwiinkqubano zabantu, ngoobani ngokuyintloko abaye bangamaxhoba ibe ibingoobani abacinezeli? Ngoobani ngokuyintloko abaye babethwa emtshatweni? Ngaba ngamadoda okanye ngamabhinqa? Ngoobani abaye badlwengulwa ngamaxesha oxolo nawemfazwe? Ngoobani abaye bangamaxhoba ayintloko okuxhatshazwa ngokwesini ngoxa babengabantwana? Ngaba ngamakhwenkwe okanye ngamantombazana? Ngoobani abaye babekwa kumgangatho wesibini wabemi yimithetho ewiswe ngabantu? Ngoobani abaye babandezwa ilungelo lokuvota? Ngoobani abaye bavinjwa amathuba emfundo? Ngaba ngamadoda okanye ngamabhinqa?
Singatshonelwa lilanga sibuza, kodwa izibakala ziyaziphendulela. Kwincwadi yakhe ethi May You Be the Mother of a Hundred Sons, uElisabeth Bumiller uyabhala, ngokusekelwe kumava awawafumana eIndiya: “UmIndiyakazi ‘oqhelekileyo,’ omela malunga nama-75 ekhulwini abafazi nabantwana abangamantombazana eIndiya, uhlala elalini. . . . Akakwazi ukufunda okanye ukubhala, nangona ebengathanda ukwenjenjalo, yaye akunakufane kwenzeke ukuba uye wahamba [iikhilomitha ezingama-30] ukusuka kwindawo awazalelwa kuyo.” Oku kungalingani kwemfundo kuyingxaki kungekuphela nje eIndiya kodwa kulo lonke ihlabathi.
EJapan, njengakwamanye amazwe amaninzi, olu calucalulo lusekho. Ngokutsho kweThe Asahi Yearbook yowe-1991, inani labafundi abangabafana kwizifundo zeminyaka emine zaseyunivesithi lisisi-1 460-000 ngoxa elabo bangamabhinqa lingama-600 000. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, kulo lonke ihlabathi amabhinqa anokunikela ubungqina bokubandezwa kwawo amathuba awaneleyo emfundo. Anyanzeleka ukuba ajamelane nesimo sengqondo sokuba ‘imfundo yeyamakhwenkwe.’
Kwincwadi ayibhale kutshanje ethi Backlash—The Undeclared War Against American Women, uSusan Faludi ubuza imibuzo ethile ephathelele isimo samabhinqa eUnited States. “Ukuba amabhinqa angamaMerika alingana ngolu hlobo, kutheni emela abantu ababini kwabathathu kubo bonke abantu abakhulu abangamahlwempu? . . . Kutheni ngokungafaniyo namadoda esenokuba angabona bantu baphila kumaxekexwa ezindlu nabangenayo i-inshorensi yokunyanyekelwa kwempilo, yaye ngokunokwenzeka inani labo bangafumani mali yendodla lisenokuliphinda kabini elamadoda?”
Amabhinqa aye angabona bantu batsala nzima ngeyona ndlela ingathethekiyo. Aye angamaxhoba aphambili okuphathwa kakubi, okuthukwa, okukhathazwa ngesini nokungahlonelwa ngamadoda. Le mpatho-mbi ayipheleliselwanga nangayiphi na indlela kumazwe ekuthiwa ngasakhasayo. Kutshanje iKomiti Ejongene Nemicimbi Yokugweba yeNdlu YeeNgwevu yaseUnited States iye yaqulunqa ingxelo ngogonyamelo olwenziwa kumabhinqa. Yabhenca izibakala ezithile ezothusayo. “Kwisithuba ngasinye semizuzu emithandathu, kudlwengulwa ibhinqa; kwisithuba ngasinye semizuzwana eli-15, kubethwa ibhinqa. . . . Alikho ibhinqa eligonyelwe ulwaphulo-mthetho kweli lizwe. Kumabhinqa angamaMerika aphilayo namhlanje, amathathu kwamane aya kuba ngamaxhoba ubuncinane ohlobo olunye lolwaphulo-mthetho logonyamelo.” Kunyaka nje omnye, ngabafazi abazizigidi ezithathu ukusa kwezine abaye baphathwa kakubi ngabayeni babo. Yayiyile meko imbi eyakhokelela ekuwisweni koMthetho Wokulwa Nogonyamelo Olwenziwa Kubafazi wowe-1990.—Ingxelo yeNdlu yeeNgwevu, iThe Violence Against Women Act of 1990.
Ngoku makhe sihlolisise ezinye zeendawo abathe abafazi banyamezela kuzo ukungahlonelwa ngamadoda ehlabathini jikelele. Siya kwandula ke, kumanqaku amabini okugqibela kolu ngcelele, sixubushe ngendlela ekunokubonakaliswa ngayo ukuhlonelana phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi.