Wande Kangakanani UGawulayo EAfrika?
Ngumbhaleli kaVukani! eAfrika
KUSENOKWENZEKA ukuba uzivile iingxelo ezaxelwa kwangaphambili. Zatsho kwaband’ emazantsi emathunjini. Izigidi kwilizwekazi laseAfrika ziza kuba noGawulayo. Iinkqubo zomzimba womntu zokuzikhusela kwizifo ziza kuphelelwa, nto leyo eya kubangela ukuba izikhuseli zemvelo zomzimba zichanabeke ekuhlaselweni zizifo ezoyikekayo. Njengokuba kwakunjalo ngobhubhani owathwaxa iYurophu ngenkulungwane ye-14, kuza kulandela ukufa nentshabalalo ngomlinganiselo ongazange wabakho ngaphambili.
Zandula zathi nqum okwethutyana iindaba ezingoGawulayo. Amajelo eendaba ayezele ziindaba ezingaye, abantu bakruquka ziingxelo ezaxelwa kwangaphambili zeshwangusha elizayo. Ngaba ngokwenene wayeza kwanda ngolo hlobo? Kanye kanye ubhubhani onguGawulayo usasazeke kangakanani eAfrika?
Omnye umphengululi ngoGawulayo uGqr. Andre Spier uthi: “Akukho bani waziyo ukuba kwixesha elizayo amanani aya kubonisa ntoni na.” Kodwa akanathemba ngekamva. “Liza kuba linani elikhulu yaye elitshabalalisa gqitha kulo lonke ibutho labantu.” Ngokufanayo, kwinkomfa engoGawulayo yezizwe ngezizwe ngowe-1988 eStockholm, eSweden, uGqr. Lars Kallings waxela kwangaphambili ukuba “kwiminyaka nje embalwa . . . kuza [kubakho] inani eloyikekayo labantu abafileyo.”
Sele kudlule ‘ngaphezu kweminyaka nje embalwa’ ukususela ekuthethweni kwaloo ngxelo yenziwa kwangaphambili. Ngoku izinto ezininzi ezaxelwa kwangaphambili njengeziya kwenzeka ziyenzeka ngokoqobo. Amanani ngoku aba zizidumbu zokwenene. Yaye liseza elona shwangusha libi ngakumbi.
Abafileyo Nabagulel’ Ukufa
Ukufa nentshabalalo kuyazenzela nje kwimimandla emininzi yaseAfrika engezantsi kweSahara. Ingxelo yakutshanje kwiphephancwadi iNature elingemigaqo yezenzululwazi ithi: “Kumaziko athile asezidolophini, uGawulayo ngoku ungunobangela onkqenkqeza phambili wokufa kwabantu abakhulileyo yaye ungomnye woonobangela abaziintloko bokufa kweemveku.” Kwesinye isixeko saseAfrika, abefundisi bajamelana nobunzima bokuhlangabezana nenani elikhulu lemingcwabo yabantu ababulewe nguGawulayo abafanele bayiqhube.
Ngo-Oktobha 1991 iinkokeli zoorhulumente bamaZwe Angamathanga Nanobudlelane ezahlangana eHarare, eZimbabwe, zanikwa inkcazelo ebhaliweyo nenxubisayo engoGawulayo eAfrika. Kwachazwa ukuba phakathi kwama-50 nama-80 ekhulwini azo zonke iibhedi zezibhedlele kwamanye amazwe aseAfrika ngelo xesha kwakulele abaguli abanoGawulayo. Ngokuphathelele iUganda apho agqugqise kanobom, ingcali ngoGawulayo uGqr. Stan Houston wachaza ukuba uGawulayo sele ebulele abantu abangakumbi eUganda kunabo babulawa ukutyhubela iminyaka eli-15 edluleyo yemfazwe yamakhaya kwelo lizwe.
Okuxhalabisa ngokufanayo koko kufunyenwe ngoogqirha nezazinzulu eAbidjan, eCôte d’Ivoire. Kwisithuba seenyanga eziliqela, zonke izidumbu kwezona ndawo zinkulu zimbini ekugcinwa kuzo izidumbu esixekweni zaxilongwa. Yintoni eyafunyaniswayo? Iphephancwadi iScience, elanikela ingxelo, lachaza ukuba uGawulayo wafunyanwa “engoyena nobangela wokufa onkqenkqeza phambili” phakathi kwamadoda akhulileyo eAbidjan. Lo lindixesha wongezelela ngelithi la manani acatshuliweyo “mhlawumbi awabonisi mlinganiselo wokwenene wokufa ngenxa yokwasulelwa yiHIV [Human Immunodeficiency Virus].”
KwaneWHO (World Health Organization [iNtlangano Yehlabathi Yezempilo]), eyondela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo ehlabathini jikelele, iyavuma ukuba le yinkcazelo nje ekhiwe phezulu. Ngokutsho kolindixesha iNew Scientist, iWHO “yeyisekile kukuba amazwe amaninzi eMpuma nakuMbindi weAfrika aye anikela ingxelo ngomntu nje omnye kubantu abalishumi abanoGawulayo . . . Le ngxelo ayiphelelanga yaye ayichananga ngenxa yokuba lusaqalisa uhlolisiso olunyamekileyo.”
Isifo Esifihlakeleyo
Enye into eyoyikisayo ngoGawulayo lithuba elide lokwasulelwa elandulela ezona mpawu zasemzimbeni nezicacileyo zikaGawulayo. Umntu owasulelweyo usenokuthwala iHIV ebulalayo emzimbeni wakhe, kangangeminyaka elishumi. Usenokukhangeleka yaye azive esempilweni. Ngaphandle kokuba ixhoba liye laxilongelwa esi sifo, alisoze lazi ukuba lijamelene nesifo esibulalayo—de zivele ngokucacileyo iimpawu! Yile nxalenye yabantu ekhangeleka isempilweni, kodwa ibe yasulelwe, esasaza uGawulayo ingazi.
Ukuxilongelwa amanqanaba okusulelwa yiHIV kutyhila umlinganiselo lo bhubhani agqugqisa ngawo ngoku eAfrika. Ngokomzekelo, ulindixesha iAfrican Affairs ubonisa ukuba “ummandla onabemi abaninzi gqitha ongakwiDike iVictoria . . . unabantu abaninzi abanayo [iHIV] . . . , abalinganiselwa kwi-10 ukusa kwi-18 ekhulwini kubantu abakhulileyo kugqalwa njengophantsi okanye njengengozi elinganiselweyo kuma-67 ekhulwini kwabo banamaqabane esini amaninzi.” Ngokufanayo, ulindixesha iNature wathelekelela ukuba “kubemi abakhulileyo ngokubanzi, esi sifo siye sasasazeka ngokungaguqukiyo ukususela ngowe-1984, sifikelela ama-20 ukusa kuma-30 ekhulwini kwimimandla esezidolophini eyasulelwe ngakumbi.” Khawufan’ ucinge—phantse isahlulo sesithathu sabemi abakhulileyo siphantsi kwesigwebo sokufa kwithuba leminyaka elishumi!
Oorhulumente neenkokeli, ezazimathidala ukuchaza umlinganiselo anda ngawo uGawulayo, ngoku ziyakuqonda ukoyikeka kwalo bhubhani. Owayesakuba ngumongameli waseAfrika walixhasa iphulo lokulwa noGawulayo—emva kokuba unyana wakhe wabulawa nguye. Enye inkokeli yaseburhulumenteni kutshanje yalumkisa ngelithi kwakukho abantu abangama-500 000 abasulelwe yiHIV kwilizwe layo. Inkoliso yaba bantu yayingazi ukuba yayigulel’ ukufa yaye yayisasaza esi sibetho ngehambo yayo evakalala.
“Baxelele Into Eyenzekileyo Apha”
Njengokuba inani labantu abaphethelw’ imbengwane yintsholongwane yeHIV lisanda ngokuthe ngcembe, inani labantu abathi ekugqibeleni bagule gqitha baze bafe liza kwanda ngokuphawulekayo. Ngokomphumo baza kushiya intlungu nokubandezeleka okungathethekiyo. Kumda weUganda neTanzania apho uGawulayo agqugqisayo, kwenzeka loo nto kuKhamlua oneminyaka engama-59 ubudala. Ukususela ngowe-1987 uye wangcwaba abantwana nabazukulwana bakhe abali-11—bonke bengamaxhoba kaGawulayo. Ebuhlungu gqitha ngenxa yale ntlekele, uyabhomboloza: “Chazela ihlabathi ngezi zikhalazo zam. Baxelele into eyenzekileyo apha.”
Ngenxa yeendlela asasazwa ngazo uGawulayo, oko kwehlela uKhamlua eAfrika kubonakala ngathi kuza kwenzeka nakweminye imimandla emininzi yehlabathi. Usenokubuza, ‘Kodwa kutheni iAfrika ithwele inxalenye enkulu kangaka yobugxwayiba nokubandezeleka kwabantu?’
[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 3]
Kumazwe athile asakhasayo, “ngowe-1993, uGawulayo uza kuba ngoyena nobangela wokufa ubalaseleyo.”—IThe World Today yaseNgilani