Kutheni IAfrika Ibandezeleka Kangaka?
UJACOB, oneminyaka engama-42 ubudala, uyagula. UnoGawulayo. Uye wasulela nomfazi wakhe ngoGawulayo. UJacob uyavuma: “Umfazi wam uyazi ukuba wasulelwa ndim.”
Kodwa uJacob wasulelwa njani yile ntsholongwane ibulalayo? Uyacacisa: “Ndandihlala ndedwa eHarare, ndiqhuba ukusuka eZambia, ndigqithe eZimbabwe, ndenjenjeya ukuhla ndisiya eBotswana naseSwazini. Umfazi wam wayehlala nabantwana bethu eManicaland [eZimbabwe]. Yaye thina baqhubi, senza izinto ezithile esasifanele ukuba sizilumkele ngakumbi.”
Isibetho Sokuziphatha Vakalala
Namhlanje, ukuziphatha vakalala ngokwesini yeyona nto iyintloko esasaza uGawulayo eAfrika. Ngokusisiseko, “imithetho engesini iye yaphulwa ngokubanzi,” ucacisa ngelitshoyo umphengululi ngoGawulayo uDawn Mokhobo. Ulindixesha iAfrican Affairs uthi “amazwe aseAfrika angezantsi kweSahara abaxabisa kakhulu abantwana kodwa akawuxabisi kangako umtshato. Ukuba neentlobano zesini ngaphandle komtshato, nkqu . . . nokuba kukhokelela ekumitheni, akuchaswanga ngokukrakra.” Ngokutsho kweNature, eyona ndlela sihamba ngayo esi sifo iqalisa ngehenyukazi. Le ngxelo ithi: “Amahenyukazi angamabhinqa atyala lo bhubhani kwinkoliso yamabhinqa atshate nomntu omnye ngokuba neentlobano zesini namadoda aziphethe vakalala.”
Abakho baninzi abanomdla wokuguqula ihambo yabo. IPanos Document ethetha ngoGawulayo eAfrika ibalisa la mava alandelayo omphengululi wezonyango eZaire: “Ngobunye ubusuku, emva kokuxilonga igazi kummandla osemaphandleni nabanye oogxa bam baseZaire abasebenza kwezonyango, bemka namantombazana athile asekuhlaleni. Balala nawo, yaye mnye kuphela kubo owasebenzisa icondom.” Xa lo mphengululi wababuza ngale ngozi babezibeka kuyo, “bahleka, besithi akunako ukungabunandiphi ubomi ngenxa nje yokuba unokufumana isifo.” Ewe, ukuhamba uba neentlobano zesini naye nabani na odibana naye kugqalwa ngabaninzi ‘njengokunandipha ubomi’—uyolo, ukuzonwabisa.
Njengakweminye imimandla emininzi yehlabathi, abona bantu batyekele ekuziphatheni vakalala lulutsha. Uhlolisiso lwakutshanje olwenziwa phakathi kolutsha olungama-377 eMzantsi Afrika lwabonisa ukuba abangaphezu kwama-75 ekhulwini babenazo iintlobano zesini. Ngokufanayo, omnye umvangeli wasemazweni kummandla ongasemzantsi kumbindi weAfrika waphawula ukuba “ambalwa amantombazana aneminyaka eli-15 angekamithi.” Uyongezelela: “Ubona intombazana eselula, engatshatanga, uze uzixelele oku, ‘Kunyaka ozayo ngeli xesha, iya kube ikhulelwe.’”
Noko ke, eAfrika, kukho ezinye izinto eziye zanegalelo ekusasazeni uGawulayo.
Iintsapho Eziqhekekileyo
Ulindixesha iAfrica South uthi: “Logama nje amadoda amaninzi akubudala beminyaka yamashumi amabini neyamashumi amathathu enyanzelwa ukuba ashiye abafazi neentsapho zawo esiya kusebenza—enoba kukwimizi-mveliso esezidolophini, emigodini, kutyalo-mahlathi okanye ekuqhubeni iilori umgama omde—ukusasazwa kukaGawulayo kuza kuqhubeka ngamandla.” Amagoduka aseAfrika atsala nzima ngokwenene ebomini. Ekubeni eshiye abafazi neentsapho zawo ngasemva, amaninzi ehla enyuka efuna iindawo zokuhlala nomsebenzi ezixekweni. Ngokutsho kolindixesha iAfrican Affairs, ubunzima bokuzama ukuzixhasa nokuxhasa intsapho emva ekhaya kwenza ukuba igoduka “linxunguphale yaye lizive lingungantweni.” Lo lindixesha wongezelela ngelithi oku ngokufuthi kukhuthaza igoduka ukuba “lizityeshele ngokupheleleyo iimbopheleleko zalo.”
Owona mjelo ubulalayo nobalaseleyo ekusasazeni uGawulayo kukuqhuba iilori umgama omde. Kunjengokuba omnye umqhubi welori wachazayo, “Ndimele ndiqiniseke ukuba kuzo zonke iindawo endihamba kuzo, ndinentokazi eza kundinyamekela.” Eyona ndawo afukama aze aqandusele kuyo uGawulayo yinkomponi ekummandla wamatyotyombe eMpuma Afrika apho ishishini lamahenyukazi angama-600 litsho njalo. Abaxumi bawo abaninzi ngabaqhubi beelori abaphambukela apho ukuze bafumane oko bakubiza ngokuba lixesha leti. Umlinganiselo wokwasulela yiHIV phakathi kwala mahenyukazi uye wabalelwa kwisilinganiso esingaphezu kwama-80 ekhulwini. Kwangaxeshanye, abaqhubi beelori abasulelweyo benjenjeya besiya kufumana “ixesha leti” elilandelayo baze ekugqibeleni babuyele emva kumakhaya abo—ngalo lonke elo xesha behamba besasaza esi sifo sibulalayo basithweleyo.
Kukwakho nemfazwe yamakhaya kunye neengxwabangxwaba zeepolitiki—iimeko ezenza ukuba kubekho izigidi zeembacu. Ingcali ngoGawulayo uAlan Whiteside ithi: “Apho kukho imfazwe yezobupolitika neyamakhaya, imilinganiselo eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha koluntu iyawohloka. . . . Iimbacu ezihamba zihlala zisenokudlulisela esi sifo kwabanye abaninzi yaye nazo kunokwenzeka zibe namaqabane esini angakumbi.”
Intlekele Yezonyango
IAfrika engenamali kakuhle ayinakuhlangabezana neengxaki zayo zonyango. Incwadana enemifanekiso ethi Understanding & Preventing AIDS iyacacisa: “Kumazwe aseAfrika amaninzi isixa semali esigcinelwe umntu ngamnye ngonyaka ukunyamekela impilo singaphantsi kweendleko zokuxilonga igazi isihlandlo esinye ukuze kukhangelwe ukuba alinayo na intsholongwane kaGawulayo.” Ngokufanayo, uKeith Edelston, umbhali wencwadi ethi AIDS—Countdown to Doomsday, ucacisa ukuba “kwanemichiza yokubulala iintsholongwane kwizixhobo zokutyanda, okanye isibulali-zintsholongwane esiqhelekileyo esisetyenziswa xa kusosulwa izinto ezichithekileyo, ngokufuthi ayifumaneki.”
Into eyenziwa kwamanye amazwe aseAfrika yokusebenzisa isitofu esinye kubaguli abaninzi ngokuphindaphindiweyo yashukumisela uEdelston ukuba alumkise: “Lumka xa kufuneka utofiwe . . . eAfrika . . . Funa isitofu nenaliti entsha ekhutshwe ngoxa ujongile kwisisongelo esinezinto zokubulala iintsholongwane.”
Ingozi yokwasulelwa ngempazamo ibangela ukuba inani loogqirha linciphe. Oogqirha ababini ababesebenza kwesinye isibhedlele saseMzantsi Afrika bakrwelwa yinaliti ngoxa babenyanga abaguli abanoGawulayo. Bangenwa sesi sifo baza bafa. Ngenxa yoko, oogqirha abathandathu ababevela kwamanye amazwe bayeka ukusebenza kweso sibhedlele.
Phantsi kwezi meko, akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba abaninzi belujonga ngamany’ amehlo uqheliselo lokutofela enye yezona zinto zibulalayo ezisasaza uGawulayo—igazi! “Igazi elasulelweyo liseyeyona nto ibalulekileyo yokusasaza esi sifo,” itsho njalo iSouth African Medical Journal, isongezelela ngelithi “akukabikho nkqubo yokulixilonga [igazi] phantse ngokubanzi embindini weAfrika yaye ubuncinane ama-60 ekhulwini egazi elinikelweyo lasulelwe.”
Ngaloo ndlela, nangona sele ihlaselwe ziintlekele ezininzi, iAfrika ijamelene neshwangusha kwakhona. Yaye phakathi kweyona miphumo iyintlekele yobhubhani kaGawulayo eAfrika koko kuye kwenzeka kubafazi nakubantwana.
Abantu Abamsulwa Ababandezelekayo
ULucy lixhoba elimsulwa likaGawulayo. Wasulelwa ngumyeni wakhe owayeziphethe kakubi. Ngoku, engumhlolokazi oneminyaka engama-23 ubudala, uLucy ulwa neemvakalelo zakhe. Uthi: “Ndisazama ukugqiba enoba ndiyithande kusini na into yokuhlala ndimkhumbula okanye ndimthiye ngenxa yokundisulela.” Oko kwathethwa nguLucy kubonisa intlungu nokubandezeleka uGawulayo akuzisela amaxhoba akhe amsulwa.
Ulindixesha iThe World Today uthi: “Nangona iHIV kumazwe asakhasayo iya kuchaphazela amabhinqa namadoda ngamanani aphantse alingane, kunokwenzeka ukuba amabhinqa . . . achatshazelwe ngokuqatha kunamadoda.” Oku kunjalo ngokukodwa ngeAfrika, apho amabhinqa—aselishweni kuba engafundanga, ngenxa yobuhlwempu nangenxa yabayeni bawo abangahlaliyo emakhaya—abandezeleka ngokuqatha.
Kodwa uGawulayo ushiye owona mphumo uyintlekele ebantwaneni. IUNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund [iNgxowa-mali Yeemfuno Zabantwana YeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo]) ithelekelela ukuba njengokuba amabhinqa azizigidi ezi-2,9 ebulawa nguGawulayo eAfrika kule minyaka ilishumi, abantwana abazizigidi ezi-5,5 baza kuba ziinkedama. Elinye igosa elisuka kwelinye ilizwe ubuncinane elineenkedama ezingama-40 000 ngenxa kaGawulayo linikel’ ingxelo yokuba ngoku “kukho iilali . . . ezimiwe ngabantwana kuphela.”
Ingxaki yokwenene ngoomama abanesi sifo kunye nabantwana babo abasulelweyo. ISouth African Medical Journal icacisa ukuba “umbuzo obuzwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngumama wemveku eneHIV ngulo othi ‘ngubani oza kufa kuqala?’”
Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba amabhinqa amaninzi azive esesichengeni sokuba noGawulayo. Ugqirha waseZambia uM. Phiri uthi: “Amabhinqa eza apha ebuza ukuba akukho yeza angalisela kusini na ukuze azikhusele ekungenweni sesi sifo . . . Anoloyiko lokuba ngoxa wona ngokobuqu esenokuzinyamekela, iqabane lawo, umyeni wawo, lisenokuba alithembekanga kangako. Oku kuyawakhathaza.”
Ngoko, yintoni anokuyenza umntu otshatileyo ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba iqabane lakhe liye laziphatha kakubi? Ukuba kulandelwa ikhondo lokuxolela nokuxolelaniswa kwamaqabane omtshato, iqabane elinetyala lifanele livume ukuba lixilongwe ukuze kubonwe enoba linayo kusini na iHIV. (Thelekisa uMateyu 19:9; 1 Korinte 7:1-5.) Amaqabane atshatileyo ajamelene nemeko enjalo asenokugqiba ekubeni angabi nazo iintlobano zesini okanye ubuncinane athabathe izinto zokuzikhusela ekwasulelweni, de kwaziwe imiphumo.
Ekubeni uGawulayo ethabatha ithuba elide ezifihlile, abantu abaselula abacinga ngokutshata bafanele balumke ngaphambi kokuzifaka kwimbopheleleko yokutshata nomntu owayenemilinganiselo yokuziphatha yangaphambili ethandabuzekayo, nokuba ngoku uphila ngemilinganiselo yobuKristu. Ngokuphathelele eli qela eliyingozi, ingcali ngoGawulayo yaseTanzania, uGqr. S. M. Tibangayuka, ucebisa ukuba abantu abaselula bathabathe icebiso lokubalumkisa lokuba “baxilongelwe iHIV phambi kokuba batshate.”
Liyinene elokuba, logama nje kusekho uGawulayo eAfrika, yaye eneneni, kulo lonke ihlabathi, amaxhoba amsulwa, kuquka amaqabane omtshato nabantwana, aza kubandezeleka.
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba uGawulayo abulale abantu abaninzi kangaka eAfrika
[Inkcazelo]
WHO/E. Hooper