Amatyotyombe—Ukutsala Nzima Kwimimandla Yasezidolophini
Ngumbhaleli kaVukani! eAfrika
UMNTWANA ohlala ematyotyombeni uthe chu enganxibanga zihlangu esehlisa isitrato kwisixeko esikwintshona Afrika. Entloko uthwele isithebe esingqukuva, esineeorenji ezingamashumi amabini anesine. Kuloo mzimba wakhe ubhityileyo, unxibe ilokhwe emthubi, ayambulelweyo. Ubilile.
Ekhuphisana nolunye ulutsha oluvela kwiintsapho ezihluphekileyo uhamba ethengisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo udla ngokuthi, “Thenga iiorenji!” Kodwa lo mntwana akathethi; mhlawumbi bethu ulambile okanye uyagula okanye udiniwe nje.
Kwelinye icala kuza iintwazana ezimbini zesikolo zinxibe iilokhwe zesikolo eziluhlaza. Nganye inxibe iikawusi ezimhlophe neembadada ezimhlophe. Nganye inengxowa yokufaka iincwadi ezele mfi ziincwadi. Ezi ntwazana zihamba ngokukhawuleza, ziyancokola ngovuyo. Azimboni lo mntwana, kodwa yena uyazibona. Uzithe ntsho ngamehlo angayibonisiyo indlela avakalelwa ngayo.
Ekugqibeleni ezi ntwazana zivela esikolweni ziyafika kumakhaya azo atofo-tofo, nanqabisekileyo. Kodwa xa lo mntwana efika ekhaya, ngokuhlwa, uza kufikela kwindawo eyahlukileyo. Elakhe ikhaya liphakathi kwesinyophonyopho seendawo zokuhlala ezenziwe ngemithi namacangci.
Amatyotyombe
Isitrato esikhulu apha yindlela yomhlaba. Ngamaxesha eemvula, iba ludaka. Icuthene ukuba kungahamba inqwelo-mafutha kuyo. Ecaleni kwayo akukho sikhululo samapolisa, akukho sebe lomlilo, akukho ziko lezempilo yaye akukho nomthi lo omnye. Phezulu akukho zingcingo zombane okanye zemfonomfono. Ngaphantsi akukho mibhobho yogutyulo okanye imibhobho yamanzi.
Abantu bayanyakazela. Kuvakala intsholo yamazwi. Incoko edibene nentsini, iingxoxo, izikhalo neengoma. Amadoda ambethe iingubo ezimhlophe ahleli kwizihlalo ezide, adl’ imbadu. Abafazi bazamisa irayisi ebilayo kwiimbiza ezibekwe phezu komlilo weenkuni. Abantwana bathe saa—bayadlala, balele, bayasebenza, bayathetha, bayathengisa. Uninzi lwabo, njengalaa mntwana uthengisa iiorenji, alusokuze lutyelele kwindawo ekugcinwa kuyo izilwanyana, lukhwele ibhayisikile, okanye luye esikolweni.
Kwilizwe apho umlinganiselo wobude bobomi bomntu ungama-42 eminyaka kuphela, abantu bafa beselula. Kubudala beminyaka elithoba umntwana sele elwe idabi lokujamelana nezona meko zinzima ehlabathini waza waphumelela kuloo minyaka mine yokuqala ephila. Ebudeni belo xesha amathuba okuba afe ebengama-40 ukuya kuma-50 kunokuba bekuya kuba njalo ukuba wayezalelwe kwilizwe lempucuko. Oontanga bakhe abaninzi balapha abakhange bakwazi ukuphila bade babe neminyaka emihlanu. Ukuba uye waphila ithuba elide ngokwaneleyo, amathuba okuba afe xa ekhulelwe okanye xa ebeleka maninzi kakhulu kunawomfazi waseYurophu okanye wakuMntla Merika—onamathuba ali-150.
Amakhulu ezigidi ahlala kwiindawo ezimdaka nakumatyotyombe afana neli nanda ngokukhawuleza. Ngokobalo lweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, ngabantu abasisi-1,3 sewaka lezigidi abaxinanisene ezixekweni kumazwe asakhasayo, kwaye kongezeleleka ama-50 ezigidi nyaka ngamnye.
Ubomi Kumazwe Asakhasayo
Ngaba unayo indawo eyeyakho kowenu, ngaba ikhaya lakho linayo impompo yamanzi, indlu yangasese? Ngaba ukho umntu onithuthela inkunkuma? Amakhulu ezigidi zabantu abahlala kumazwe asakhasayo awazinandiphi ezi zinto.
Kwizixeko ezininzi kwiindawo zabantu abangamahlwempu kuzele kangangokuba kuqhelekile ukuba intsapho yabantu abalishumi ihlale egumbini elinye. Ngokufuthi, abantu banendawo yokuhlala engaphantsi kwesikwemitha. Kwimimandla ethile yezixeko zaseMpuma, kwanamagumbi amancinane ahlulahluliwe ukuze kuhlale abantu abaninzi kuwo, anohlobo lweebhedi ezingambini enye phezu kwenye ezibiyelweyo ukuze zingabiwa. Kwelinye ilizwe, ilungiselelo “lebhedi eshushu” linceda abantu ukuba baqeshe iibhedi ezihlawulwa ngeyure ukuze abantu ababini okanye abathathu batshintshisane ngokulala kwezo bhedi suku ngalunye.
Ngokwengxelo yonyaka yowe-1991 yeUNICEF (Ingxowa-mali Yeemfuno Zabantwana YeZizwe Ezimanyeneno), abantu abasisi-1,2 sewaka lezigidi ehlabathini lonke banamanzi angacocekanga. Izigidi zimele ziwathenge amanzi kubantu abawathengisayo okanye ziye kuwakha kwimisinga okanye kweminye imithombo. Apho kukho khona impompo yamanzi, maxa wambi abantu abangaphezu kwewaka bakha amanzi kuloo mpompo inye.
I-UNICEF ikwathelekelela ukuba ngabantu abasisi-1,7 sewaka lezigidi abangenazo iindawo zokuzinceda ezicocekileyo. Asinto ingaqhelekanga ngabemi basematyotyombeni abangama-85 ekhulwini ukuba bangabi nazo izindlu zangasese. Kwizixeko ezininzi zaseAfrika naseAsiya, kuquka nezinye ezininzi ezinabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi, akukho nenjani na inkqubo yogutyulo. Ilindle labantu liya kwimisinga, emilanjeni, emiseleni, kwimijelokazi nasemifuleni.
Enye ingxaki yinkunkuma. Kwizixeko zamazwe asakhasayo, ukusuka kuma-30 ukuya kuma-50 ekhulwini enkunkuma ayiqokelelwa. Imimandla yabantu abahluphekayo yeyona ityeshelwa kakhulu. Esinye isizathu sikukuba abantu abahluphekayo zimbalwa izinto abazilahlayo kwinkunkuma yabo ezinokucholwa ngababuthi benkunkuma ukuze bazisebenzise kwakhona. Isizathu sesibini sesokuba ekubeni iindawo ezininzi ezihlala abantu abahluphekayo zingamiselwanga ngokusemthethweni, oorhulumente abavumi ukuba zinikwe uncedo olufunyanwa nguwonke wonke. Ingxaki yesithathu kukuba iindawo ezininzi ezihlala abantu abahluphekayo, ngenxa yendawo ezimi kuyo nokuxinana kwazo, kunzima yaye kuziindleko ukunikela uncedo kuzo.
Kwenziwa ntoni ngenkunkuma? Ilahlwa ezitratweni, emabaleni, emilanjeni nasemachibini ukuze ibolele apho.
Iingozi Zempilo
Iingxaki zeendawo zasezidolophini ezihlala abantu abahluphekayo ziyahluka ngokweendawo. Kodwa, kukho izinto ezintathu ezifana ngazo phantse kulo lonke ihlabathi. Eyokuqala yeyokuba amakhaya abo awanelanga kukungabi tofo-tofo kuphela, koko ayingozi. Incwadi ethi The Poor Die Young ithi: “Ubuncinane ngama-600 ezigidi zabantu abahlala kwimimandla yasezidolophini ezikumazwe asakhasayo abahlala kwiindawo ezinokuchazwa njengamakhaya nemimandla esongela ubomi nempilo.”
Kungayiphi indlela okunokuthi ukunqongophala kwezindlu kubangele ukugula? Ukuxinana kwimimandla ehlala abantu abahluphekayo kwandisa ukwasulelwa zizifo ezinjengesifo sephepha, umkhuhlane, nokudumba kwenwebu yobuchopho. Kwakhona ukuxinana kwandisa ukwenzeka kweengozi zasekhaya.
Ukunqongophala kwamanzi acocekileyo kwandisa izifo ezidluliselwa ngamanzi, ezinjengecesina, isifo sokudumba kwesibindi, nesisu segazi. Kukwabangela nesifo sorhudo esithi ngomlinganiselo sibulale umntwana omnye kumazwe asakhasayo, kwimizuzwana engama-20. Ukunqongophala kwamanzi okuhlamba kwenza abantu bachanabeke ngakumbi kwizifo zamehlo nezolusu. Yaye ukuba abantu abahluphekayo bahlawula ixabiso eliphakamileyo lamanzi, iba ncinane imali yokutya.
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nokutya kubangela izifo ezibangela abantu batsho ngentla nangezantsi baze babe neentshulube, ezinjengeengcili, iiroundworms neempalo. Inkunkuma engathuthwayo itsala iimpuku, iimpukane namaphela. Amanzi amileyo aba yindawo yokuzalela iingcongconi ezibangela isifo seengcongconi nefilariasis.
Ubuhlwempu
Uphawu lwesibini lobomi basematyotyombeni kukuba kunzima kakhulu ngabemi bakhona ukwahlukana nabo. Uninzi lwabo baya esixekweni bafuduswa bubuhlwempu kwimimandla yasemaphandleni. Ngenxa yokungakwazi ukufumana izindlu ezifanelekileyo, baqalisa ukuhlala kwimimandla yasezidolophini kwiindawo ezimdaka nasematyotyombeni yaye ngokufuthi badla ngokuhlala ubomi babo bonke apho.
Abantu abaninzi kwaba bakhuthele yaye bakulungele ukusebenza nzima, kodwa akukho nto yimbi banokuyenza ngaphandle kokuba bamkele imisebenzi abasebenza ixesha elide kuyo baze bamkele imivuzo ephantsi. Ngokufuthi abazali abatsala nzima endaweni yokuthumela abantwana babo esikolweni, babathumela emisebenzini. Yaye abantwana ngenxa yemfundo engephi okanye engekhoyo kwaukubakho abakwazi ukuyiphucula imeko yabazali babo. Nakubeni abaselula besamkela imali encinane, ngokufuthi oko bakusebenzelayo kubaluleke gqitha kwiintsapho zabo. Ngaloo ndlela, uninzi lwabantu abahluphekayo basezidolophini, alunathemba lakubuphucula ubomi balo; usukelo lwabo kukuphilela unamhlanje kuphela.
Ukungathandwa, Ukungafunwa
Inkalo yesithathu yobomi basematyotyombeni kukuba akunakuqiniseka ukuba uya kusoloko unayo indawo yokuhlala. Koorhulumente abaninzi, amatyotyombe neendawo ezimdaka zilihlazo. Kunokuba basebenzele ukuphucula amatyotyombe, nto leyo engasoloko ilula, ngokufuthi oorhulumente bathumela oogandaganda.
Oorhulumente basenokukuthethelela ukususwa kwamatyotyombe ngokuthi kuyimfuneko ukuze isixeko sikhangeleke kakuhle okanye baphelisa izaphuli-mthetho, okanye baphucula ilizwe. Enoba siyintoni isizathu, ngabantu abahluphekayo ababandezelekayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho ndawo banokuya kuyo yaye bafumana imbuyekezo encinane okanye abayifumani kwaphela. Kodwa xa oogandaganda beze kutshabalalisa, akukho kwenza ngakumbi ngaphandle kokuba bemke.
Indima Karhulumente
Kutheni oorhulumente bengakheli bonke abantu izindlu ezaneleyo ezinamanzi, inkqubo yogutyulo, nokuthuthwa kwenkunkuma? Incwadi ethi Squatter Citizen iyaphendula: “Amazwe amaninzi asakhasayo awanabo ubuncwane obaneleyo yaye awakwazi ukuphumelela kurhwebo lwehlabathi kangangokuba kufanelekile ukuyithandabuza indlela aphumelela ngayo njengamazwe anabemi. Kunokuba nzima ukuba ubani asole urhulumente ngokungaphumeleli ukusabela kwiintswelo zabemi xa lonke ilizwe lingenabo ubuncwane obaneleyo ngokokude, ngokwemeko ekuyiyo ngoku, kungabikho buncwane baneleyo bokuhlangabezana neentswelo ezisisiseko.”
Kumazwe amaninzi imeko yezoqoqosho iyawohloka. Kunyaka ophelileyo, unobhala jikelele weZizwe Ezimanyeneyo obeza kudla umhlala phantsi wathi: “Imeko yezoqoqosho yamazwe amaninzi asakhasayo ibiwohloka kangangethuba elithile. . . . Abantu abangaphezu [kwewaka lezigidi] bayahlupheka.”
Kuthekani Ngoncedo Oluvela Kwamanye Amazwe?
Kutheni izizwe eziphumelelayo zinganikeli uncedo olungakumbi? Ixubusha ngempembelelo yoncedo kubuhlwempu, iWorld Bank’s Development Report ithi: “Amazwe agalelanayo ngobuncwane [anikela ama-64 ekhulwini alo lonke uncedo oluvela kumazwe ngaphandle] . . . afak’ isandla kwizinto ezininzi—ezopolitiko, kwimfazwe, ezorhwebo, nakwintlalo-ntle yabantu. Ukunciphisa ubuhlwempu kuyenye nje yeentshukumisa, yaye ngokuqhelekileyo asiyona nto ibalulekileyo.”
Kwelinye icala, kwanaxa oorhulumente benayo indlela yokuphucula ingxaki yamahlwempu, abasoloko besenjenjalo. Ingxaki kwizizwe ezininzi kukuba ngoxa amagosa karhulumente asekuhlaleni kufuneka akhe izindlu aze anikele noncedo kubemi, amagosa aphezulu aseburhulumenteni awanikeli buncwane bokwenza lo msebenzi.
Izixeko Zexa Elizayo
Ngokusekelwe kwindlela izinto ebeziqhubeka ngayo kumashumi eminyaka yakutshanje, iingcali zibona ikamva elimfiliba kwimimandla yasezidolophini ehlala amahlwempu kumazwe asakhasayo. Zithi, ukwanda okukhawulezileyo kwabemi kwimimandla yasezidolophini kusaya kuqhubeka, yaye oorhulumente abayi kuba nako ukufakela abemi abaninzi basezixekweni iimpompo zamanzi, imibhobho yogutyulo, iindlela ezigangathiweyo, indawo yezempilo, iindawo zokucima umlilo isikhululo samapolisa neenqwelo zokuthutha izigulana.
Ngokwandayo, iindawo zokuhlala ziya kwakhiwa kwiindawo eziyingozi, ezinjengamathambeka, amathafa ezikhukula, okanye imihlaba engcolisiweyo. Ngokwandayo, abantu baya kugula zizifo ngenxa yeemeko ezixineneyo neemeko eziyingozi empilweni. Ngokwandayo, abantu abahluphekayo abahlala ezidolophini baya kuhlala besongelwa ngokugxothwa.
Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba akukho themba ngabemi basematyotyombeni njengentombazana ethengisa iiorenji echazwe ekuqaleni kwale ngxubusho? Akunjalo konke konke!
Inguqulelo Ephawulekayo Isemnyango
ILizwi likaThixo, iBhayibhile, libonisa ukuba inguqulelo elunge ngakumbi iza kwenzeka—kungekudala. Le nguqulelo iza kwenzeka, kungekhona ngemigudu yoorhulumente babantu, kodwa ngoBukumkani bukaThixo, urhulumente wasezulwini oya kuthi kungekudala alawule ihlabathi lonke.—Mateyu 6:10.
Phantsi koBukumkani bukaThixo, endaweni yokuba abantu bavalelwe kwiindawo ezimdaka nasematyotyombeni, iintsapho ezihlonel’ uThixo ziya kuhlala eparadisi. (Luka 23:43) Kunokuba bahlale besoyika ukugxothwa, iBhayibhile ithi “baya kuhlala elowo phantsi komdiliya wakhe, naphantsi komkhiwane wakhe, kungabikho uboyikisayo.”—Mika 4:4.
Phantsi koBukumkani bukaThixo, endaweni yokuba bafe besebancinane ngenxa yokuhlala kwizindlu ezixineneyo, abantu “baya kwakha izindlu, bazihlale; batyale izidiliya, badle iziqhamo zazo. . . . Kuba iya kuba njengemihla yomthi imihla yabantu bam.”—Isaya 65:21, 22.
Ezi zithembiso kusenokuba nzima ukuba uzikholelwe, kodwa unokuqiniseka ukuba ziya kuzaliseka. Ngoba? Kuba uThixo akaxoki, yaye “akukho nanye into eya kumnqabela yena uThixo.”—Luka 1:37; Numeri 23:19.
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 13]
Phantsi koBukumkani bukaThixo, ubuhlwempu namatyotyombe aya kuthatyathelw’ indawo yiparadisi