Indima Yonqulo Kwiimfazwe Zabantu
“AKUKAZE kukhe kubekho abantu abangenahlobo luthile lonqulo,” itsho njalo iThe World Book Encyclopedia (uhlelo lowe-1970). Kanti, ababhali-mbali uWill noAriel Durant babhala oku: “Imfazwe yenye yezinto ezenzeka rhoqo embalini.” Ngaba ezi zinto zimbini imfazwe nonqulo, ezihleli zikho, ziqhagamshelene ngandlel’ ithile?
Enyanisweni, ukutyhubela imbali, imfazwe nonqulo bezingumtya nethunga. ULionel Casson ethetha ngeYiputa, elinye lamagunya okuqala ehlabathi embalini wachaza oku kwincwadi ethi Ancient Egypt: “Oothixo babehlonelwa ngoloyiso ngalunye lomkhosi; yaye belambele ubutyebi obude babuninzi ngakumbi, abefundisi baba nolangazelelo olunjengoloofaro lokoyisa ngokubhekele phaya amazwe asemzini.”
Ngokufanayo, umfundisi uW. B. Wright wathetha oku ngeAsiriya, elinye igunya lehlabathi elalikho ekuqaleni: “Ukulwa yayingumcimbi wesizwe, yaye ababingeleli babengabaxhokonxi abangayekeleliyo bemfazwe. Ubukhulu becala babexhaswa zizinto ezifunyenwe emva koloyiso.”
Ngokuphathelele oko akubiza ngokuthi “yiYurophu engaphucukanga,” uGerald Simons wabhala oku: “Ibutho labo lalileliqhelekileyo, ngokucacileyo lilungelelaniselwe ukwenza umsebenzi omnye, wokuhambisela phambili imfazwe.” Yaye unqulo lwalubandakanyekile. Lo kaSimons wathi: “Imibhalo emininzi ithetha ngamakrele awayephathaphathwa ziidemon, okanye awayesetyenziselwa ukuphumeza iinjongo zoothixo.”
Kanti, kwakuyinto efanayo nakuBukhosi baseRoma, obabujongwa buphucuke kakhulu. Kwincwadi ethi Imperial Rome uMoses Hadas wachaza oku: “AmaRoma akhuliswa enesimo sengqondo semfazwe.” Amajoni angamaRoma ayephatha emfazweni iindwe ezazinemifanekiso yoothixo bawo. Enye intyilalwazi yathi: “Kwakungento ingaqhelekanga ngenjengele ukuba inike umyalelo wokuba indwe iphoswe kumngcelele wotshaba, ukuze amajoni ayo abe nefuthe kwasekuqaleni lokufumana kwakhona oko mhlawumbi ayekujonga njengeyona nto ingcwele eyakha yakho emhlabeni.”
Imfazwe NamaKristu Azibabazayo
Ukuzibandakanya ekuhleni kweNgqobhoko kwimicimbi yehlabathi akuzange kuziguqule izinto. Enyanisweni, uAnne Fremantle wabhala oku kwincwadi ethi Age of Faith: “Kuzo zonke iimfazwe abantu abaye babandakanyeka kuzo, azikho eziye zaliwa ngenzondelelo ukodlula eziliwe egameni lokholo. Yaye kwezi ‘mfazwe zingcwele,’ azikho ekuye kwaphalazwa igazi kuzo nezithabathe ixesha elide njengeeMfazwe Zomnqamlezo zamaKristu zamaXesha Aphakathi.”
Okumangalisayo kukuba, kwananamhlanje incinane inguqulelo eyenzekileyo. Iphephancwadi iTime lanikela le ngxelo: “Ukulwela nokufela indwe yonqulo kuqhubeka ngokuzingisileyo kakhulu. AmaProtestanti namaRoma Katolika aqhubeka ebulalana eUlster ngokuzingisileyo. Ama-Arabhu namaSirayeli aqhubeka neengxabano ezingaginyisi mathe zelizwe, zebutho labantu nezonqulo kwimida yemihlaba yazo.” Ngokubhekele phaya, iiyantlukwano ezingokobuhlanga nezingokonqulo ziye zaba ngunobangela weendyikitya ezoyikekayo zokubulawa kwabantu kumazwe awayesakuba ngaphantsi kweriphabliki yaseYugoslavia, nakumazwe aseAsiya.
Alikholeleki elokuba, ngokufuthi amaKristu azibabazayo alwe nxamnye namalungu akholwa kunye nawo. Ngaloo ndlela, amaKatolika ebulala amaKatolika kumathafa edabi. Umbhali-mbali ongumKatolika uE. I. Watkin wavuma esithi: “Hayi indlela ekubuhlungu ngayo ukuvuma ukuba, ngokwezilangazelelo zemfundiso yobuxoki okanye ukungathembeki asinakusikhanyela okanye sisityeshele isibakala sokuba ooBhishopu bebesoloko bezixhasa zonke iimfazwe eziququzelelwa ngurhulumente welizwe labo. Enyanisweni akukho nasinye isihlandlo endisaziyo ethe ingcwele yesizwe yagxeka nayiphi na imfazwe njengengafanelekanga . . . Nayiphi na inkqubo esebenzayo engokwasemthethweni, enjengokuthi ‘ilizwe lam lisoloko lilungile’ ibe ngumgaqo olandelwe ngooBhishopu bamaKatolika kwixesha lemfazwe.”
Kanti, lowo asingomgaqo wamaKatolika nje kuphela. Inqaku lomhleli kwiSun yaseVancouver, eKhanada, lathi: “UbuProtestanti abunakuyibaleka nangayiphi na indlela into yokuba buye banegalelo koku kwahlukana ngokobuzwe. Mhlawumbi bubuthathaka balo lonke unqulo olulungelelanisiweyo ukuba icawa ilandele indwe . . . Yiyiphi imfazwe eyakha yaliwa ekwathi kuyo uThixo akabangwa njengoxhasa icala ngalinye?”
Ngokucacileyo akukho nokuba ibenye! Umfundisi wamaProtestanti uHarry Emerson Fosdick wavuma esithi: “Kwanasezicaweni zethu sidumise iindwe zasemkhosini . . . Ngobumbaxa sidumise uMthetheli Woxolo saza kwathina sazukisa imfazwe.” Kwakhona umbhali wemihlathi uMike Royko wathi amaKristu akazange “azive eneentloni ukwenza iimfazwe nxamnye namanye amaKristu.” Wacacisa esithi: “Ukuba ayekwenzile oko, uninzi lweemfazwe ezimanyumnyezi ezaliwa eYurophu ngezingazange ziqhambuke.” Eyona ibalaseleyo kwezi yiMfazwe Yamashumi Amathathu Eminyaka eJamani eyayiphakathi kwamaProtestanti namaKatolika.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, zonke izibakala zicace gca. Unqulo belungumxhasi yaye, maxa wambi, lude lwaba ngumphembeleli weemfazwe. Ngaloo ndlela, abaninzi baye baphakamisa imibuzo enjengale: “Ngaba ngokwenene uThixo uxhasa esinye isizwe ukodlula nesinye ngexesha lemfazwe? Ngaba xa iintlanga zisilwa uxhasa icala elithile? Ngaba liyakuze libekho ixesha apho imfazwe iya kube ingekho?