Unqulo Luthabatha Icala
NGOSEPTEMBA 1, 1939, iJamani yahlasela iPoland, iqalisa iMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Kwiiveki ezintathu kamva iThe New York Times yaba nomxholo oyintloko othi: “Amajoni AseJamani Aphenjelelwa ZiiCawa.” Ngaba iicawa zaseJamani ngokwenene zazixhasa iimfazwe zikaHitler?
UFriedrich Heer, unjingalwazi wezembali ongumRoma Katolika kwiYunivesithi yaseVienna, wavuma ukuba zenjenjalo esithi: “Kwiinyaniso ezingenakuphikiswa zembali yaseJamani, uMnqamlezo neswastika zaba yintlaka nexolo, de iswastika yalengalenga kwiinqaba zezindlu zecawa zabefundisi baseJamani ibhengeza uloyiso, izibingelelo zazijikelezwe ziiflegi zeswastika yaye abezakwalizwi bamaKatolika namaProtestanti, abefundisi, abantu becawa neenkokeli zobupolitika zakwamkela ngezandla ezishushu ukumanyana noHitler.”
Eneneni, iinkokeli zecawa zawuxhasa ngokupheleleyo umgudu wemfazwe kaHitler, njengokuba unjingalwazi ongumRoma Katolika uGordon Zahn wabhala wathi: “UmKatolika waseJamani owayejonga kwiinkokeli zakhe zonqulo ukuze afumane ukhokelo nolwalathiso lokomoya ngokuphathelele inkonzo yeemfazwe zikaHitler wayefumana phantse iimpendulo ezifanayo nabenokuzifumana kumlawuli wamaNazi.”
Iinkonzo Kwelinye Icala
Kodwa zazisithini iicawa kumazwe achasene neJamani? IThe New York Times kaDisemba 29, 1966, yanikela le ngxelo: “Amaqumrhu abefundisi bamaKatolika basekuhlaleni kwixesha elidluleyo phantse ngamaxesha onke ayexhasa iimfazwe zohlanga lwawo, esikelela imikhosi aze athandazele uloyiso, ngoxa elinye iqela loobhishophu kwelinye icala esidlangalaleni lithandazela okuchasene noko.”
Ngaba oku kuxhasa imikhosi echaseneyo kwakusenziwa ngemvume yeVatican? Khawuqwalasele oku: NgoDisemba 8, 1939, emva nje kweenyanga ezintathu kuqhambuke iMfazwe Yehlabathi II, uPopu Pius XII wakhupha ileta eya kubefundisi ethi Asperis Commoti Anxietatibus. Le leta yayibhalelwe abefundisi basemkhosini beentlanga ezisemfazweni, yaye yayikhuthaza abo bakumacala alwayo ukuba bathembele koobhishophu babo abasemkhosini. Le leta yabongoza abefundisi basemkhosini ukuba “ekubeni besilwela ilizwe labo bamele balwele kwaneCawa.”
Ngokufuthi icawa ikhokela ngamandla ekukhuthazeleni amazwe kwimfazwe. Kwanomfi uHarry Emerson Fosdick, umfundisi wamaProtestanti wakuvuma oku: “Kwanasezicaweni zethu simise iindwe zasemkhosini.” Yaye ngokuphathelele imfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, umphathi-mkhosi waseBritani unjengele Frank P. Crozier wathi: “IiCawa zamaKristu ngabona badali bophalazo-gazi esithe sabasebenzisa ngokukhululekileyo.”
Noko ke, leyo yayiyingxelo yonqulo kwixa elidluleyo. Kuthekani ngendima yalo yakutshanje emfazweni kwiiriphabliki zendawo ebisakuba yiYugoslavia, apho inkoliso yabantu ingamaRoma Katolika okanye amaOthodoki?
Imbopheleleko Yonqulo
Umxholo oyintloko kwiAsiaweek kaOktobha 20, 1993, wawusithi: “IBosnia Isisazulu Semfazwe Yonqulo.” Umxholo oyintloko kumagqabaza akwiSan Antonio Express-News kaJuni 13, 1993, wavakalisa oku: “Iinkokeli Zonqulo Zifanele Ziphelise Usizi Oluqhubekayo EBosnia.” Eli nqaku lathi: “IRoma Katolika, ubuOthodoki baseMpuma neenkonzo zamaSilamsi . . . zibekek’ ityala ngoko kwenzekayo. Azinakusinda ngezikaSibi, ihlabathi lonke busuku ngabunye lizibonela ngawalo amehlo ezikwenzayo. Yimfazwe yazo. . . . Into yokuba iinkokeli zonqulo zibekek’ ityala ngemfazwe icacile. Oko kuhanahanisa kwazo kuko okubangela oko. Zikwenza oko ngokusikelela elinye icala ukuba loyise elinye.”
Ngokomzekelo, kutheni amalungu eCawa yamaRoma Katolika naweeCawa zobuOthodoki baseMpuma ethiyene kangaka? Oopopu, oobhishophu abakhulu nezinye iinkokeli zecawa zizo eziyibangelayo. Ukususela ekwahlukaneni kokugqibela kwezi nkonzo ngowe-1054, iinkokeli zecawa ziye zakhuthaza intiyo neemfazwe phakathi kwamalungu azo. Iphephandaba laseMontenegro iPobeda, likaSeptemba 20, 1991, kwinqaku elalithetha ngemfazwe yakutshanje lalatha koko kwahlukana kwezi nkonzo nemiphumo yako. Phantsi komxholo othi “Ababulali Egameni LikaThixo,” eli nqaku lathi:
“Asiyombambano yobupolitika ephakathi [komongameli waseCroatia] uTudjman [nenkokeli yaseSerbia] uMilošević kodwa kunoko yimfazwe yonqulo. Ayinakufihlwa into yokuba sele kudlule iminyaka eliwaka ukususela oko uPopu wagqiba kwelokuba aluphelise unqulo lobuOthodoki njengotshaba. . . . Ngowe-1054 . . . uPopu wathi iCawa yobuOthodoki yiyo eyabangela ukwahlukana. . . . Ngowe-1900 inkongolo yokuqala yamaKatolika ngokuphandle yachaza icebo lokutshatyalaliswa kweentlanga zoluntu ezingamaOthodoki ngenkulungwane yama-20. Ngoku [eli] cebo liyasetyenziswa.”
Noko ke, le mfazwe yakutshanje ayingomzekelo wokuqala wokruthakruthwano lonqulo kule nkulungwane. Kwiminyaka engama-50 edluleyo, ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, amaRoma Katolika azama ukuyicima igama iCawa yobuOthodoki kuloo mmandla. Uxhaswa ngupopu, umbutho wamanashinali waseCroatia obizwa ngokuba yiUstashi kwenzeka ukuba ulawule ilizwe elizimele geqe laseCroatia. IThe New Encyclopædia Britannica inikela ingxelo yokuba olu lawulo lunconyelwe yiVatican lusebenzise “iindlela ezikhohlakele gqitha, ezaziquka ukubulawa kwamakhulu amawaka abemi baseSerbia namaYuda.”
Kwincwadi ethi The Yugoslav Auschwitz and the Vatican, akuchazwa ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi nje kuphela—kuquka amashumi amawaka amaxhoba—kodwa kukwachazwa nokubandakanyeka kweVatican.
Kwelinye icala, iCawa yobuOthodoki iye yaxhasa abemi baseSerbia kumlo wabo. Enyanisweni, enye inkokeli yeqela lamajoni aseSerbia kwacatshulwa amazwi ayo athi: ‘UBhishophu Omkhulu ungumphathi wam.’
Yintoni engeyayenziwe ukunqanda oko kubulawa, okuye eBosnia naseHerzegovina kuphela kwashiya abafikelela kwi-150 000 itshoba lilele umbethe okanye bengaziwa nomkhondo? UFred Schmidt wachaza kwiSan Antonio Express-News ukuba iBhunga Lokhuseleko LweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo lifanele lisamkele “ngamxhelo-mnye isigqibo sokuhlaba ikhwelo kupopu, kubhishophu omkhulu waseConstantinople, [nezinye iinkokeli] zeecawa zamaKatolika, zobuOthodoki baseMpuma nezamaSilamsi ezinegunya lokusingatha imicimbi yaseBosnia-Herzegovina ukuba zikhawulezise zinqande loo mfazwe zize zidibane ngeentloko ngenjongo yokufuna indlela abangathi abalandeli bazo bazame ukuphila njengabamelwane nabo bezinye iicawa.”
Ngendlela efanayo, incwadi yaseScottsdale, eArizona, iProgress Tribune yagqiba kwelokuba imfazwe “ingapheliswa ukuba iinkokeli zonqulo zalapho zinokuzimisela ukuyiphelisa.” Eli nqaku lacebisa ukuba zingakwenza oko ngokuthi “ngoko nangoko zisike nabani na olirhamente odubula imbumbulu eSarajevo.”
Akukho Nto Yokwenene Iphembelela Uxolo
Noko ke, oopopu bebethe gqolo besala ukusika ezona zaphuli-mthetho zemfazwe zikhohlakeleyo ecaweni, kwanaxa amanye amaKatolika aye abongoza ukuba kuthatyathwe eso senzo. Ngokomzekelo, iCatholic Telegraph-Register yaseCincinnati, eOhio, eUnited States, phantsi komxholo othi “Wakhuliswa EngumKatolika Kodwa Waphelelwa Lukholo Lutsho Ucingo Oluya KuPopu,” yanikela le ngxelo: “Kwenziwa isibongozo kuPius XII sokuba uReichsfuehrer Adolph Hitler asikwe ecaweni. . . . ‘UAdolph Hitler,’ [olu cingo] ngokuyinxalenye lufundeka ngolu hlobo, ‘wazalwa ngabazali abangamaKatolika, wabhaptizwa engumKatolika, waza wakhuliswa yaye wafundiswa enguye.’” Sekunjalo uHitler akazange asikwe ecaweni.
Kwakhona, cinga ngemeko kwiindawo zaseAfrika apho bekugquba imfazwe yenkohlakalo khona. Oobhishophu abali-15 abangamaRoma Katolika bakumazwe aseAfrika aseBurundi, aseRwanda, aseTanzania, aseUganda naseZaire bavuma ukuba, phezu kwabo nje ubukho “bamaKristu” amaninzi abhaptiziweyo kule mimandla, “iimfazwe zangaphakathi ziye zakhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abaninzi, ekutshatyalalisweni nasekufudusweni kwabantu ngetshova.” Aba bhishophu bavuma ukuba isizekabani sale ngxaki “sikukuba ukholo lwamaKristu alukhange luziphembelele ngokwaneleyo iingqondo zabantu.”
INational Catholic Reporter ka-April 8, 1994, yathi “upopu . . . waba ‘buhlungu gqitha’ xa weva iingxelo ezintsha zemfazwe yelizwe elincinane laseAfrika [laseBurundi], elinabemi abaninzi abangamaKatolika.” Upopu wathi eRwanda, apho abemi abamalunga nama-70 ekhulwini bengamaKatolika, “kwanamaKatolika abekek’ ityala” ngokubulawa kwabantu. Ewe, amaKatolika amacala omabini aye abulalana, kwananjengokuba bekunjalo kwiimfazwe ezininzi zangaphambili. Yaye, njengokuba sele siphawulile, ezinye iicawa ziye zenza okufanayo.
Ngoko ke ngaba simele sigqibe kwelokuba zonke iinkonzo zithabatha icala emfazweni? Ngaba lukho na unqulo oluphembelela uxolo lokwenyaniso?
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 23]
UHitler, obonwa apha ekunye nopopu omkhulu uBasallo di Torregrossa, akazange asikwe ecaweni
[Inkcazelo]
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