ISingise Phi Imilinganiselo Yokuziphatha?

KANGANGEENKULUNGWANE kumazwe amaninzi bekuqinisekiwe ukuba iBhayibhile iyeyona inemilinganiselo esemgangathweni yokuziphatha. Nangona ingenguye wonk’ ubani oye waphila ngokuvisisana nemigaqo yayo ephakamileyo, kwabo baye bayamkela iBhayibhile iye yanikela intetho eqhelekileyo engokuziphatha, yaba sesona sikhokelo sokuhlola ihambo. Kodwa umongameli weyunivesithi ongumJesuit uJoseph O’Hare wakhalaza esithi: “Besinemilinganiselo engokwesithethe yokuziphatha eye yacelw’ umngeni yaza yafunyaniswa ixengaxenga okanye ingasamkelwa. Ngoku akubonakali kukho nayiphi na imigaqo ebalulekileyo yokuziphatha.”

Yintoni eyabangela ukuba ukuziphatha okuhle okusekelwe eBhayibhileni kungathandwa? Omnye uthunywashe onamandla yaba kukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwengcamango yendaleko. Incwadi ethi American Values: Opposing Viewpoints ithi: “Kuwo onke amabutho abantu anempucuko aziwayo, abantu babekholelwa kumazwe amabini: elo wawunokulibona, nelo lalingabonakali. . . . Ilizwe elingabonakaliyo lalinikela intsingiselo nemilinganiselo . . . Lalingumthombo womanyano kwibutho labo. Noko ke, malunga naphakathi kwenkulungwane edluleyo, abantu baqalisa ukuxelelwa ukuba kwakungekho nto ililizwe elingabonakaliyo. Alikho yaye alizange libekho.” Ngokukodwa ukususela kwelo xesha ukusa phambili, iBhayibhile yayihlaselwa ngamandla nemilinganiselo yayo yokuziphatha okuhle. Izinto ezaziphakathi kohlaselo lweentanda-bulumko koko kufane kubizwe ngokuthi luhlalutyo oluqatha lweBhayibhile nokupapashwa kwencwadi kaDarwin ethi Origin of Species.a

Ngaloo ndlela indaleko iye yalinciphisa igunya iBhayibhile enalo kwiingqondo zabaninzi. Kunjengokuba inqaku elikwiHarvard Magazine likubeka, ngoko iBhayibhile yajongwa njengencwadi ebalisa nje “intsomi emnandi.” Impembelelo yayo yokuziphatha okuhle yaba yetshabalalisayo. Indaleko yaba koko isazinzulu esidumileyo uFred Hoyle sakubiza ngokuthi “iyevumela nabani na enze oko afuna ukukwenza.”

Kambe ke, indaleko iyinxalenye nje yengxaki. Iimfazwe ezimbini zehlabathi zakuphembelela ngakumbi ukunganeliswa lunqulo okusasazekileyo. Inguqulelo enkulu kwezorhwebo yezisa iinguqulelo—ezinkulu kwezentlalo—nezingokokuziphatha. Ukongezelela, ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kwamaziko osasazo kwenze abantu bachanabeka kwihambo ewohlokileyo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.

Ngaba Yonke Into Ixhomekeke Kwiimeko?

Ngoko akumangalisi ukuba abantu abaninzi bengenayo into abangabhekisela kuyo ngokuphathelele ukuziphatha okuhle. Bayakhukuliseka okwenqanawa engenamphini wokuyiqhuba. Ngokomzekelo, abaninzi bahamba nomsinga wengcamango yokuba “imilinganiselo engokuziphatha ixhomekeke kumntu ngamnye nakuloo maqela anokuthanani nayo.” Ngokutsho kwale ntanda-bulumko, ayikho imigaqo ethe ngqo emisiweyo engokuziphatha okuhle—yonke into ixhomekeke kwiimeko. Abo baxhasa le ngcamango bema ngelithi, ‘Oko kuphosakeleyo kuwe kusenokuba kulungile komnye.’ Ngenxa yokuba oko kubakhokelayo kwimigaqo yokuziphatha kusalatha nje kulo naliphi na icala, bayakhawuleza ukuvumela phantse naluphi na uhlobo lwehambo njengolwamkelekileyo.

Ngaloo ndlela, isenzo mandulo esasinokuchazwa “njengesisisono” okanye “esiphosakeleyo” ngoku sijongwa nje njengento “ebubudenge.” Eso senzo sisenokuthethelelwa “njengesicekisekayo” kodwa singagxekwa njengesenzo “sokuziphatha okubi.” Oku kwenza kuthi qatha engqondweni kabani imihla yomprofeti wamandulo uIsaya xa kwakukho abo ‘babesithi okubi kulungile, okulungileyo kubi; ababemisa ubumnyama endaweni yokukhanya, ukukhanya endaweni yobumnyama.’—Isaya 5:20.

Ukubek’ Ityala Omnye Umntu

Olunye utyekelo olukhoyo ngokuphathelele ukuziphatha kukubek’ ityala omnye umntu. UAdam wabek’ ityala uEva, yaye uEva kwelinye icala, wabek’ ityala inyoka. Ngokufanayo namhlanje izaphuli-mthetho zidlala icekwa lokuphepha imbopheleleko, yaye ngokufuthi ekwenzeni oku zincedwa ngumthetho naziingcali kwizigulo zengqondo. Inqaku elikwi-U.S.News & World Report lakhalimela iingcali kwizigulo zengqondo “ngokufumanisa izifo ezitsha ezenza izaphuli-mthetho zibe kuluhlu lwamaxhoba angenakuncedwa.” Ngokomzekelo, kwanikelwa ingxelo yokuba uMbutho Weengcali Kwizigulo Zengqondo WaseMerika wanikela ingqalelo enzulu ekubizweni kwezidlwengu njengamaxhoba esifo esingaqhelekanga esibizwa ngokuthi “yiparaphilic rapism.” Bambi bavakalelwa kukuba oku bekuya kufana nokuvunyelwa ngokusemthethweni kokudlwengula ungenaxhala lokohlwaywa. “Amabhinqa akuchasa ngamandla oku kangangokuba ngokukhawuleza ukudlwengula kwafunyaniswa kungesosifo.”

Oku ayikokukhanyela inyaniso ecacileyo yokuba ukwenzakala ngokweemvakalelo ebuntwaneni kusenokuba nemiphumo engafanelekanga kubani akuba ekhulile. Kodwa kuyimpazamo ukuthi oko kwenzeka kwixa eladlulayo kuyayithethelela ihambo yogonyamelo okanye yokuziphatha okubi yomntu okhulileyo.

Ulutsha—Alunamigaqo Yokuziphatha Ilukhokelayo

Umbhodamo wokuziphatha okhoyo ehlabathini uye washiya umzila ngokukodwa kulutsha oluphembeleleka ngokulula. Umphengululi uRobert Coles weYunivesithi yaseHarvard wafumanisa ukuba akukho nokuba ibenye ingcamango esisiseko ekhokela ubomi bokuziphatha kwabantwana baseMerika. Bakhokelwa yimigaqo eyahlukahlukeneyo yokuziphatha naziinkqubo ezithile zemilinganiselo. Phantse ama-60 ekhulwini eqela lolutsha olukubudala bokuhamba isikolo ekwenziwa uhlolisiso kulo lwathi lwalukhokelwa koko kwakulwenza luqhubele phambili okanye oko kulwenza luzive lonwabile.

Maxa wambi izikolo zifak’ isandla kumbhodamo onjalo wokuziphatha. Khawuqwalasele inkqubo enempembelelo eyayibizwa ngokuthi “ukuchazwa kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha,” eyamiselwa kwiminyaka embalwa edluleyo kwizikolo zaseUnited States. Iyintoni imfundiso yayo esisiseko? Abantwana bafanele babe nenkululeko yokuzikhethela imilinganiselo eyeyabo yokuziphatha.

Ukungabi nto yanto kwesimo sengqondo esinjalo sokuziphatha kubonakala kumava omnye umfundi wesikolo kwiSixeko saseNew York owafikelela kwisigqibo sokubuyisela kumniniso isipaji esasinemali engama-R3 000. Basabela njani abo wayefunda nabo kwiklasi efundisa ngokuziphatha? Bamnxwalwa baza bamgculela ngokwenza oko! Okubi nangakumbi kukuba, akukho nokuba abemnye umfundisi-ntsapho okanye umphathi wesikolo owayincomayo ihambo yakhe yokunyaniseka. Omnye umfundisi-ntsapho wakuthethelela ukungamncomi kwabo ngokuthi: “Xa ndibaxelela ngokungqalileyo oko kulungileyo noko kuphosakeleyo, ndiya kuba andibaniki ilungelo lokuzikhethela njengoko umcebisi efanele enjenjalo.”

Ngaba Iicawa Zinokukuphelisa Ukonakala Okungokokuziphatha?

Akumangalisi ukuba, imeko elusizi engokuziphatha yehlabathi iye yababuyisela emva abantu. Ngoku abaninzi bagxininisa ngamandla kwelokuba kubuyelwe kwimilinganiselo yokuziphatha engokwesithethe, nto leyo kwabathile ethetha ukubuyela kunqulo. Noko ke, iicawa zinengxelo embi ekunikeleni ukhokelo ngokuziphatha. KwiNgqungquthela yeCawa yaseRhabe (eUnited States) kwavunywa kusithiwa: “Sijongene namanqam anemilinganiselo nemiphumo eyoyikekayo.” Aluhlobo olunjani la manqam? “Abefundisi abaphakathi kwe-10 nama-23 ekhulwini zwenibanzi baye babandakanyeka kwihambo yokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini okanye baba neentlobano zesini namarhamente, abaze kufuna uncedo, abaqeshwa, njalo njalo.”

Ngaloo ndlela ukunganeliseki okusasazekileyo lunqulo kuthabath’ unyawo. Umongameli weBhunga Lezorhwebo Noshishino eUnited States wakushwankathela oku ngokuthi: “Amaziko onqulo aye asilela ukuqhubeka egcine imilinganiselo yawo yokuziphatha engokwembali, yaye kwiimeko ezininzi, aye aba yinxalenye yengxaki [engokokuziphatha], eququzelela imfundiso yezakwalizwi yokulwelwa kwenkululeko neengcamango zokungohlwaywa kwehambo yokuziphatha yoluntu.”

Ngoko, licacile elokuba, isazela somntu esingaqeqeshwanga asanele ukukhokela uluntu. Imilinganiselo yokuziphatha yanamhlanje iya isiba yewohloke ngokupheleleyo. Sifuna ukhokelo oluvela kuthile ongaphezulu kunathi.—Thelekisa IMizekeliso 14:12; Yeremiya 10:23.

Ukhokelo olunjalo lukho. Luyafumaneka kubo bonke abalufunayo.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 5]

Inkolelo yendaleko yaba nguthunywashe owabangela ukuziphatha okuhle okusekelwe eBhayibhileni kungathandwa

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 6]

‘Abefundisi abaphakathi kwe-10 nama-23 ekhulwini baye babandakanyeka kwiintlobano zesini namarhamente, abaze kufuna uncedo, abaqeshwa, njalo njalo’

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]

Abefundisi baye baququzelela inkqubo yokuziphatha esekelwe kubulumko babantu kunobo beBhayibhile