Oko Amabhinqa Afanele Akwazi Ngomhlaza Wamabele

ABANTU abanomhlaza wamabele bayanda kuwo onke amazwekazi. Ngokoqikelelo oluthile, ngonyaka wama-2000, abanye abantu abanokuba sisigidi baya kuba nomhlaza wamabele kulo lonke ihlabathi nyaka ngamnye.

Ngaba likho ibhinqa elikhuselekileyo ekufumaneni esi sifo? Ngaba ikho into enokwenziwa ukusithintela? Yaye yiyiphi intuthuzelo nenkxaso abayifunayo abo balwa nolu tshaba?

Inkoliso yezifo zomhlaza wolusu ibangelwa yimitha yelanga. Inkoliso yezifo zomhlaza wemiphunga ibangelwa kukutshaya. Kodwa akakho unobangela omnye womhlaza wamabele oye wafunyaniswa.

Noko ke, ngokohlolisiso lwakutshanje, imfuza, imekobume namadlala asenokubangela umhlaza wamabele. Amabhinqa achanabeke kwezi zinto asenokuba asengozini eyongezelelekileyo.

Imbali Yentsapho

Ibhinqa elinelungu lentsapho elinomhlaza wamabele, njengonina, udadewabo, okanye kwanomakazi okanye umakhulu, linamathuba awongezelelekileyo okuba nawo. Ukuba abaninzi kubo babenesi sifo, lichanabeke ngakumbi.

UGqr. Patricia Kelly, ugqirha wezifo zemfuza eUnited States, uxelela uVukani! ukuba ngoxa kubandakanyeke oothunywashe abangokwemfuza, kuphela ngabantu abahlanu ukusa kwabalishumi ekhulwini abaye banomhlaza wamabele ngenxa yaba thunywashe. Ucacisa esithi: “Sicinga ukuba kwinkitha yabanye ubangelwa ngoothunywashe abangenamandla kangako njengemfuza encediswa yimekobume.” Amalungu entsapho anamadlala emfuza afanayo atyekele ekubeni abe kwimekobume efanayo.

Imekobume

Omnye umphengululi uDevra Davis, egqabaza kulindixesha iScience wathi: “Ngokucacileyo kukho oothunywashe bemekobume, abaziwa ngokubanzi, ababandakanyekileyo” ababangela esi sifo. Ekubeni ibele lebhinqa lilelinye lawona malungu achatshazelwa msinya yimitha kumalungu omzimba, amabhinqa achanabeke kwimitha yeathom yeion asengozini eyongezelelekileyo yokuba nomhlaza wamabele. Oku kunjalo nangalawo achanabeke kwimichiza eyityhefu.

Omnye uthunywashe wemekobume luhlobo lokutya. Bambi bavakalelwa kukuba umhlaza wamabele sisifo esibangelwa kukunqongophala kweevithamini ingakumbi uvithamini D. Le vithamini inceda umzimba ufunxe ikhalsiyam, nto leyo esenokuthi kamva ithintele ukukhula kweeseli okungalawulekiyo.

Olunye uhlolisiso lwalatha ukutya okunamafutha, lungatsho ukuba kungunobangela, kodwa njengokufak’ isandla kumhlaza wamabele. Iphephancwadi iFDA Consumer lathi umlinganiselo wabantu ababulawa ngumhlaza wamabele wawuphakame kakhulu kumazwe anjengaseUnited States, apho atyiwa gqitha amafutha neeprotini ezifumaneka kwinyama yezilwanyana. Lathi: “Ngokwembali amabhinqa aseJapan ebengekho sengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wamabele, kodwa amathuba okuba nawo ayanda ngamandla, ngenxa yokwamkela kwawo indlela ‘yaseNtshona’ yokutya; oko kukuthi, ukutya okungenamafutha kangako ukusa kokunamafutha amaninzi.”

Uhlolisiso lwakutshanje lubonise ukuba inani leekalori ezityiweyo ekutyeni okunamafutha amaninzi lisenokubangela ingozi yokwenene. IScience News yathi: “Nawuphi na umlinganiselo ongaphezu kofunekayo weekaloria wandisa ingozi yokuba nomhlaza wamabele, ikalori nganye efumaneka emafutheni engaphezu kwefunekayo ikubeka engozini kangangama-67 ekhulwini ngaphezu kwefumaneka kwezinye izinto.” Iikalori ezingaphezu kwezifunekayo zinokubangela ubani abe nobunzima obungakumbi, yaye amabhinqa atyebe gqitha kucingwa ukuba anamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuba nomhlaza wamabele, ingakumbi lawo akubudala bokuyeka ukuya exesheni. Amafutha omzimba abangela iestrogen, idlala elifumaneka kumabhinqa elinokuba yingozi emabeleni, elibangela umhlaza.

Imbali Yobuqu Nencindi Yamadlala

Kwibele lebhinqa kukho incindi yamadlala ebangela inguqulelo emabeleni kubo bonke ubomi balo. UGqr. Paul Crea, ugqirha otyanda amadlala akhulayo, ubhala esithi kwiAustralian Dr Weekly: “Noko ke, kumabhinqa athile, ukukhupha kwamabele incindi yamadlala kangangexesha elide . . . kuya kubangela iinguqulelo ezininzi kwiiseli nto leyo eya kuthi ekugqibeleni ibe ngumhlaza oyingozi.” Ngenxa yesi sizathu kucingelwa ukuba amabhinqa aye aya exesheni esemancinane, ekubudala beminyaka eli-12, okanye aye ayeka kade ukuya exesheni, phakathi kwiminyaka yama-50, asengozini eyongezelelekileyo.

Kuye kwaphikiswana kakhulu enoba iiestrogen ezongezelelekileyo ezifumaneka kwiERT (estrogen replacement therapy [unyango lokubuyisela iestrogen]) zinxulumene kusini na nomhlaza wamabele. Ngoxa lumbi uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba iERT ayibangeli ngozi yongezelelekileyo, olunye uhlolisiso lubonisa ingozi enkulu abanokuba kuyo abo baba nayo ixesha elide. Ixubusha ngohlolisiso oluye lwahlolwa, iBritish Medical Bulletin yowe-1992 yabonisa ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba “ioestrogen engathinteli ukukhawula yandisa ingozi yokuba nomhlaza wamabele kangangama-30 ukusa kuma-50 ekhulwini” emva kokuba isetyenziswe ixesha elide.

Iingxelo ezingonxulumano olukhoyo phakathi kwezinto zokuthintela ukukhawula eziselwayo nomhlaza wamabele zibonisa ukuba incinane kakhulu ingozi ekhoyo ekuzisebenziseni. Noko ke, kukho iqela elincinane lamabhinqa asengozini enkulu. Amabhinqa aselula, amabhinqa angazange abe nabantwana, namabhinqa aye asebenzisa iipilisi zoqingqo-nzala ixesha elide asenokuba namathuba angama-20 ekhulwini okuba nomhlaza wamabele.

Kanti, amabhinqa amathathu kwamane anomhlaza wamabele akananto angalatha kuyo ngokungqalileyo njengewabangele anesi sifo. Ngoko kuphakanyiswa lo mbuzo, Ngaba kukho naliphi na ibhinqa elinokuthi likhuselekile kumhlaza wamabele? IFDA Consumer inikela le ngxelo: “Ngokoluvo lwengcali yezonyango, onke amabhinqa afanele agqalwe njengasengozini yokuba nomhlaza wamabele.”

Ngaloo ndlela, amabhinqa, ingakumbi lawo asele ekhulile ngeminyaka, asengozini yokuba nesi sifo. UGqr. Kelly uthi ngoxa zininzi izinto ezibangela umhlaza wamabele, ‘ndicinga ukuba, ezinye zazo, zibangelwa kukukhula, yaye iiseli ziyahlukahlukana.’

Isizathu Sokuba Echanabekile

Xa kuhlolwa indlela elenziwe ngayo ibele lebhinqa icacisa isizathu sokuba lichanabeke kumhlaza. Kulo kukho imingxunyana, iintunjana ezincinane, ezidlulisela ubisi olusuka kwizingxobo ekwenziwa kuzo ubisi lusiya kwingono. Emacaleni ezi ntunjana kukho iiseli ezahlukahlukanayo neziguquka ngokuqhubekayo ngokuvumelana nomjikelo wenyanga webhinqa, ukulungiselela ukukhulelwa, ukukhupha ubisi, nokuncancisa umntwana walo. Kukule mingxunyana apho ukhula khona umhlaza wamabele.

Kwincwadi ethi Alternatives: New Developments in the War on Breast Cancer, umphandi uRose Kushner uyacacisa: “Nawuphi na umjikelo ophazanyiswa ngokuqhubekayo zizinto ezahlukeneyo—enoba udalwe wafezeka . . . —kunokwenzeka ukuba ube neempazamo ezininzi.” Wandula ongezelele athi: “Iiseli zamabele ezisebenze kakhulu zisoloko ziphekwa zisophulwa yincindi yamadlala eyalela isithi, ‘Yeka ukwenza oko. Qalisa ukwenza oku.’ Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba iiseli ezisakhulayo zisuka zibhanxeke.”

Umhlaza wamabele uqalisa xa iseli engakhulanga kakuhle isahlukahlukana, iphelelwa ngamandla okulawula ukukhula kwayo, ize iqalise ukukhula ngokungalawulekiyo. Iiseli ezinjalo aziyeki ukukhula, yaye ekuhambeni kwexesha ziyazoyisa iiseli eziphilileyo ezizingqongileyo, ziguqulela ilungu eliphilileyo ekubeni libe nesifo.

Ukutyhutyha Umzimba

Xa umhlaza usemabeleni kuphela, unokususwa. Xa umhlaza wamabele uye wanwenwela kwimimandla ekude yomzimba, ubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wamabele onwenwayo. Lo usenokuba ngoyena nobangela wokufa kwabo bagula ngumhlaza wamabele. Njengokuba iiseli zomhlaza zisanda emabeleni yaye idlala liya lisiba likhulu, iiseli zomhlaza zinokuthi kungaqondwanga ziphume kwidlala ebeziqale kulo zize zingene kwimithambo yegazi nakwiilymph nodes.

Xa oku kwenzekile iiseli zelo dlala zisenokudlulela kumalungu akude omzimba. Ukuba ziqalise ukuhlasela amandla omzimba okuzikhusela kwizifo, ngokuqhelekileyo aquka iiseli ezingoonobulala ezityhutyha igazi kunye nolwelo lwelymph, ezi seli ziyingozi zinokuwoyisa amalungu abalulekileyo, anjengesibindi, imiphunga nobuchopho. Apho zinokukhula ngokungalawulekiyo zize zinwenwe kwakhona, emva kokuba ziye zabangela la malungu anomhlaza. Zakuba nje ziqalise ukutyhutyha umzimba, ubomi belo bhinqa busengozini.

Ngoko ke, isikhokelo sokusinda kukuwufumanisa umhlaza wamabele usaqala, ngaphambi kokuba ufumane ithuba lokunwenwa. Yintoni enokwenziwa libhinqa ngalinye ukuze likwazi ukuba namathuba okufumanisa oku kuselithuba? Ngaba kukho nto ithile inokwenziwa ukunceda ukuthintela umhlaza wamabele kwasekuqaleni?

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[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 4]

Amabhinqa amathathu kwamane anomhlaza wamabele akananto angalatha kuyo ngokungqalileyo njengewabangele anesi sifo