Umhlaza Wamabele—Oko Umele Ukulindele Nendlela Yokumelana Nawo

UCONCHITA wayengelulo uhlobo lwabantu abadla ngokuba sesichengeni sokuba nomhlaza.a Wayeneminyaka engama-40 ubudala, esempilweni yaye kwakungekho mntu wakowabo owayekhe wanomhlaza wamabele. Wayexilongwa rhoqo yaye kwakungekho nto ibonwayo. Kodwa ngeny’ imini xa wayehlamba weva iqhuma ebeleni lakhe. Kwathi kanti ngumhlaza. UConchita nomyeni wakhe baphulaphula belusizi njengoko ugqirha wayebachazela oko babenokukwenza.

Mandulo phaya, ugqirha wayedla ngokuxelela ibhinqa elinomhlaza wamabele ukuba ekuphela kwento enokulinceda kukuba lisuswe ibele, amadlala athile asesifubeni nasemakhwapheni kunye nezihlunu zesifuba. Emva koko kwakuye kufuneke elo bhinqa linyamezele unyango lwechemotherapy okanye iradiation. Ngenxa yoko, amabhinqa amaninzi ayeloyika ngaphezu kwesi sifo unyango.

Kudala abezonyango befuna indlela yokunyanga esi sifo ngaphandle kokususa ibele ngokungeyomfuneko neyokuphepha iintlungu ezibakho ngenxa yonyango. Namhlanje zininzi iindlela zokunyanga abantu abanomhlaza wamabele njengoConchita.b Uphando lwezamayeza kunye namajelo eendaba asinika ithemba lokuba sele ziza kufunyanwa iindlela ezintsha zokunyanga esi sifo, iindlela zokuxilonga ezinokubonisa kusengaphambili enoba umntu othile usengozini ngenxa yemfuza kunye nokutya okunokukhusela abantu kuso.

Nangona kuye kwenziwa inkqubela kwezonyango, umhlaza wamabele usengowona utshotsha phambili kwimihlaza ebulala amabhinqa.c Liye lantinga inani labantu ababulawa ngumhlaza wamabele kumazwe anemizi-mveliso emininzi kuMntla Merika nakwiNtshona Yurophu kodwa ke liyakhula eAsiya naseAfrika, ebezikade zinamanani aphantsi ukutyhubela iminyaka. Ngaphezu koko, abantu abaninzi abafunyaniswa benalo mhlaza eAsiya naseAfrika bayafa. Kutheni kunjalo nje? Omnye ugqirha waseAfrika wathi: “Kungenxa yokuba kunqabile ukuba abantu bakhawuleze basibone esi sifo. Inkoliso yabantu ithi isiya esibhedlele sibe sele sihambele phambili kakhulu.”

Umntu uba sengozini njengoko esiya ekhula. Abantu abamalunga nama-80 ekhulwini abanawo ngamabhinqa aneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 ubudala. Kodwa ke iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba umhlaza wamabele ngomnye weyona mihlaza inyangekayo. Eneneni, amabhinqa angama-97 ekhulwini oye wabonwa waza wanyangwa usaqala lo mhlaza aye aqhubeke ephila ubuncinane iminyaka emihlanu emva koko. NoConchita sele ephile ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu ukususela oko kwafunyaniswa ukuba unomhlaza.

Izinto Ofanele Uzazi

NjengakuConchita, umntu onalo mhlaza udla ngokuva iqhuma elingaqhelekanga ebeleni. Okuvuyisayo kukuba malunga nama-80 ekhulwini amaqhuma anjalo akayongozi, akakhuli yaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba liqhuma nje elibangelwe yincindi ethile.

Umhlaza wamabele uqala xa enye yeeseli isanda ngendlela engaqhelekanga ize ngokuthe ngcembe ibangele ithumba. Ithumba liba ngumhlaza xa iiseli zalo zihlasela ezinye iiseli. Amanye amathumba akhawuleza abonakale; amanye asenokubonwa emva kweminyaka elishumi.

Xa wayexilonga uConchita, ugqirha wakhe wasebenzisa inaliti ukuze afunxe iiseli kwiqhuma elalisebeleni lakhe. Ezo seli zazinomhlaza. Ngoko wenziwa utyando lokususa elo thumba kunye neeseli zebele ezazilingqongile nokuze kubonwe ukuba lalande kangakanani (ubukhulu nohlobo lwalo) nokuba lalinwenwa ngesantya esingakanani.

Emva kokuba beye batyandwa, abantu abaninzi baye baqhubeke benyangwa ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvela nokwanda komhlaza kwakhona. Iiseli zomhlaza zinokusuka kwithumba zize zingene egazini yaye zinokuphinda zikhule kwakhona. Umhlaza uba yingozi xa iiseli zawo zisanda zize zifikelele ebuchotsheni, kwisibindi, umongo okanye amaphaphu.

UConchita wanyangwa ngeradiation nechemotherapy, uhlobo lonyango olutshisa luze lubulale iiseli zomhlaza kwindawo oqale kuyo nakumzimba uphela. Ekubeni uhlobo lomhlaza awayenalo lwalukwincindi yedlala lamabhinqa iestrogen, kwafuneka asele amayeza okunqanda ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza ezintsha.

Inkqubela eye yenziwa kunyango lomhlaza wamabele iye yabangela ubukho beendlela eziliqela zokunyanga esi sifo kuxhomekeke kubudala, impilo, enoba lo mntu wayekhe wanawo na ngaphambili umhlaza kunye nohlobo lwawo. Ngokomzekelo, uArlette wafunyaniswa ukuba unesi sifo ngaphambi kokuba sinwenwele ngaphaya komthambo wobisi (milk duct). Ngoko, elo thumba lasikwa nto leyo eyasindisa ibele lakhe. Ngaphambi kokuba atyandwe, uAlice wasiwa kwichemotherapy ukuze kuncitshiswe ithumba elalisebeleni. Ugqirha kaJanice wasusa ithumba kunye nedlala elalisenokuba lelokuqala ukuchaphazeleka. Ekubeni lalingenazo iiseli zomhlaza, akuzange kube yimfuneko ukwenza utyando kumadlala angakumbi. Oku kwanciphisa amathuba okuba uJanice abe nelymphedema, ukudumba kwengalo okwenzeka xa kususwe amadlala amaninzi.

Ininzi into eyaziwayo ngokwanda komhlaza wamabele kodwa nanku umbuzo ekusafuneka uphendulwe, Uqala xa kutheni yaye njani umhlaza wamabele?

Yintoni Ebangela Umhlaza Wamabele?

Awukaziwa kakuhle oyena nobangela wesi sifo. Abanye abantu bemi ngelithi luninzi uphando olwenziwayo ngokuphathelele unyango nokuxilonga—nto leyo engenisa imali eninzi—kunolo lujoliswe ekufumaneni oyena nobangela kunye nendlela yokuthintela esi sifo. Sekunjalo, izazinzulu zifumene ulwazi olubalulekileyo ngesi sifo. Bambi bakholelwa ekubeni umhlaza wamabele sisifo esintsonkothileyo nesinamanqanaba ngamanqanaba, esiqala xa iiseli zisenza umsebenzi ogqwethekileyo ngenxa yomonakalo okwinkqubo yemizila yemfuza engaphakathi kuzo, zihambe ke zihlasele izihlunu, ngoxa amajoni omzimba engekaphawuli, zize zonakalise ngokuthe ngcembe amalungu omzimba abalulekileyo.

Imizila yemfuza engasebenzi kakuhle ivela phi? Amabhinqa aphakathi kwama-5 nali-10 ekhulwini azalwa enemizila yemfuza ewabeka esichengeni sokuba nomhlaza wamabele. Kodwa kubonakala ngathi kwizihlandlo ezininzi imizila yemfuza ephilileyo iye yonakaliswe zizinto ezifana nemichiza nezinye. Uphando olungakumbi lusenokukungqina oku.

Enye into ekubonakala ngathi iba negalelo kweminye imihlaza yamabele, yincindi yedlala lamabhinqa iestrogen. Ngenxa yoko, ibhinqa linokuba sengozini ukuba laqalisa ukuya exesheni liselincinane kakhulu, xa layeka ukuya exesheni sele lilidala kakhulu, lakhulelwa umntwana wokuqala sele lilidala okanye alizange lakhulelwa kwaukukhulelwa naxa lakha lafakelwa incindi yedlala. Ngenxa yokuba iiseli zamafutha zivelisa iestrogen, ukutyeba kunokulibeka engozini ibhinqa xa sele liyekile ukuya exesheni kuba ngelo xesha iziyilelo maqanda sukuba ziyekile ukuvelisa iincindi zamadlala. Ezinye izinto eziyingozi ziquka ukuba neinsulin eninzi okanye xa unencindi yedlala ebangela ubuthongo imelatonin encinane, ingxaki abadla ngokuba nayo abantu abaphangela ebusuku.

Ngaba likho ithemba lokufumana iindlela ezisebenzayo nezingekho buhlungu zokunyanga isifo somhlaza? Abaphandi bazama ukufumana iindlela zokunyanga ezisebenzisana namajoni omzimba kunye namanye amayeza okulwa nxamnye nezinto ezixhasa ukunwenwa komhlaza. Okwangoku, ubuxhakaxhaka bezobugcisa bufanele bukwazi ukunceda abezonyango ukuba bakwazi ukubulala ngokupheleleyo iiseli ezinomhlaza.

Izazinzulu zisebenzisa nezinye iindlela zokunyanga esi sifo, kuquka ukuzama ukuqonda indlela osasazeka ngayo umhlaza, indlela yokulwa neeseli zomhlaza ezinganyangwayo yichemotherapy, ukuthintela ukwanda kwezi seli nokuvelisa unyango lokubulala uhlobo lwethumba ngalinye.

Nakuba kunjalo, izifo azinakuphela kwihlabathi lanamhlanje yaye abantu baseza kuqhubeka besifa. (Roma 5:12) NguMdali kuphela onokusilamlela. Kodwa ngaba uza kuyenza loo nto? IBhayibhile ithi uza kuyenza! Ithi kuza ixesha apho ‘kungekho mmi uya kuthi: “Ndiyagula.”’d (Isaya 33:24) Siya kukhululeka ngokwenene ngelo xesha!

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 24, 25]

IIMPAWU OFANELE UZIJONGE

Kubalulekile ukuba ubhaqwe usaqala umhlaza kodwa olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba ngamanye amaxesha iindlela zokuxilonga zinokungachani kumabhinqa aselula, ize loo nto ikhokelele ekunyangweni nasekuxhalabeni ngokungeyomfuneko. Sekunjalo, iingcali zithi amabhinqa afanele aphaphele naluphi na utshintsho olwenzeka kumabele nakumadlala awo. Nazi ezinye izinto onokubona ngazo:

● Iqhuma okanye indawo eqinileyo ekhwapheni okanye ebeleni

● Xa kukho nantoni na evuza engonweni ngaphandle kobisi

● Xa ulusu okanye ibala lalo litshintsha

● Xa ingono itshone ngaphakathi okanye ithambe ngendlela engaqhelekanga

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 25]

XA UNOMHLAZA WAMABELE

● Lindela ukuba uza kuchitha unyaka nangaphezulu unyangwa yaye uchacha.

● Ukuba kunokwenzeka, khetha oogqirha abawazi kakuhle umsebenzi wabo nabaza kuhlonela iimfuno nenkolelo zakho.

● Wena nentsapho yakho gqibani ukuba ngoobani eniza kubaxelela nokuba niza kubaxelela nini. Loo nto iya kunika abahlobo ithuba lokunikhuthaza, lokuthandaza kunye nani nelokunithandazela.—1 Yohane 3:18.

● Ukuze umelane noxinizeleko lwengqondo, funda iBhayibhile, uthandaze uze uzinike nexesha lokucinga nzulu.—Roma 15:4; Filipi 4:6, 7.

● Thetha nabanye abantu ababekhe banomhlaza wamabele abanokukukhuthaza.—2 Korinte 1:7.

● Zama ukucinga ngeengxaki zanamhlanje kungekhona ezangomso. UYesu wathi: “Musani ukuxhalela ingomso, kuba ingomso liya kuba namaxhala alo.”—Mateyu 6:34.

● Musa ukuzixakekisa ngezinto ezininzi kodwa phumla ngokwaneleyo.

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 26]

XA UTHETHA NOGQIRHA WAKHO

● Funda amagama anento yokwenza nomhlaza wamabele adla ngokusetyenziswa ngabezonyango.

● Ngaphambi kokuba uye kwagqirha, bhala phantsi yonke imibuzo onayo uze ucele inkosikazi, umyeni wakho okanye omnye umntu oza kukukhapha ukuba akuncedise ukuze ubhale izinto eziza kuthethwa ngugqirha.

● Ukuba ugqirha uthetha into ongayiqondiyo, mcele ukuba akucacisele.

● Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba bangaphi abantu abanalo mhlaza ufana nowakha awakha wabanyanga.

● Ukuba kunokwenzeka yiva izimvo zomnye ugqirha.

● Ukuba oogqirha bathetha izinto ezingafaniyo zama ukuqonda ukuba nguwuphi onamava okunyanga esi sifo. Bacele ukuba bakhe badibane ukuze bathethe.

[Ibhokisi/Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 27]

UKUMELANA NEENGXAKI EZIBAKHO NGENXA YONYANGO

Iingxaki ezibakho xa unyangelwa isifo somhlaza zinokuquka, isicaphucaphu, ukumkelwa ziinwele, ukusoloko udiniwe, ukuqaqanjelwa, ukutyhafa neengxaki zolusu. Ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokukunceda:

● Yitya ukutya okunesondlo ukuze umzimba wakho ukwazi ukulwa nezifo.

● Bhala phantsi amaxesha oye waziva ungenamandla ngalo nendlela okukuphatha ngayo ukutya okuthile.

● Hlola enoba amayeza, iacupuncture okanye ukuphululwa kwezihlunu kuyazithomalalisa kusini na iintlungu.

● Yenza umthambo olinganiselweyo ukuze ube namandla, ungatyebi nokuze uncede umzimba ukwazi ukulwa nezifo.e

● Phumla rhoqo kodwa yazi ukuba ukulala ixesha elide kunokukwenza udinwe.

● Gcina ulusu lwakho lungomanga. Nxiba impahla ewaku-waku. Hlamba ngamanzi ashushu.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 28]

XA ISALAMANE SAKHO SINOMHLAZA

Unokusixhasa njani isalamane sakho esinomhlaza? Sebenzisa eli cebiso leBhayibhile: “Yibani nemihlali kunye nabantu abanemihlali; lilani kunye nabantu abalilayo.” (Roma 12:15) Sifowunele, ubhale iileta, uthumele amakhadi, ii-e-mail uze usityelele ukuze usibonise ukuba uyasithanda. Thandaza kunye naso nize nifunde izibhalo ezithuthuzelayo eBhayibhileni. UBeryl oyinkosikazi yomveleli ohambahambayo wamaNgqina kaYehova uthi: “Musa ukuthetha ngabantu ababulawa ngumhlaza kodwa thetha ngabo basindayo.” UJanice naye owakha wanomhlaza uthi: “Vula nje iingalo zakho uze umange umhlobo wakho. Uza kuthetha ngesigulo sakhe xa efuna.” Kubalulekile ukuba abayeni babaqinisekise ukuba basabathanda abafazi babo.

UGeoff uthi: “Sasikhe sibe neentsuku esasingathethi kwaukuthetha ngomhlaza. Umfazi wam wayengafuni ukuba sisoloko sithetha ngempilo yakhe. Ngenxa yoko, sagqiba kwelokuba sibe neentsuku zokukhe singathethi kwaukuthetha ngomhlaza. Kunoko, sasithetha ngezinto ezakhayo. Kwakufana nokuthath’ ikhefu.”

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 28]

OKO KUYE KWATHETHWA NGAMANYE AMABHINQA

Esakuva Ukuba Anomhlaza

USharon: Ubomi bam batshintsha ngoko nangoko. Ndathi: “Ubomi bam buphelile ke ngoku.”

Ngawona Maxesha Anzima

USandra: Uxinezeleko oba nalo engqondweni lubuhlungu ngaphezu konyango.

UMargaret: Emva konyango lwesibini, uye uthi: “Andiyifuni ke lento.” Sekunjalo, uyayenza.

Ngabahlobo

UArlette: Saye sabaxelela abahlobo bethu, ukuze basithandazele.

UJenny: Sayiphawula yonke into abasenzela yona.

Ngenkxaso Yabayeni

UBarbara: Ndagqiba kwelokuba ndichebe ngaphambi kokuba iinwele ziziwele. UColin wathi: “Imile kakuhle ke le ntloko yakho!” Yandihlekisa loo nto.

USandra: Sajonga esipilini sobabini. Ndajonga uJoe ebusweni ndaza ndambona ukuba wayesandithanda njengangaphambili.

USasha: UKarl wayedla ngokuthi ebantwini, “Sinomhlaza.”

UJenny: UGeoff akazange ayeke ukundithanda ibe ukholo lwakhe lwandikhuthaza yaye aluzange luphele.

[Umzobo/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 27]

(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)

Iiseli zomhlaza zanda ngendlela engeyoyamvelo zize zihlasele ezinye iiseli

[Umzobo]

Umthambo wobisi ooneseli eziqhelekileyo

Indlela obonakala ngayo umhlaza womthambo wobisi

Xa umhlaza uhlasela umthambo wobisi

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 28]

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yokunyangwa komhlaza yinkxaso yentsapho nabahlobo